OSB Research Quarterly

News About OSB Research and Scholarly Activity, Winter 2003, Volume 2, No. 1

The OSB Research Quarterly is a newsletter about research and scholarly activities produced for the friends and family of the Odette School of Business (OSB), University of Windsor, Ontario, Canada. The newsletter is supported by and emanates from the Odette Research Chair in Business, a chair generously endowed by Edmond and Louis Odette. The Odette Research Chair has the objective of promoting and supporting research activities throughout the Odette School. All inquiries about this newsletter should be directed to Dr. Craig S. Fleisher, Odette Research Chair in Business, at Fleisher@uwindsor.ca.

OSB Research Quarterly Winter 2003, Volume 2, Number 1

Table of Contents Our Recent Achievements Articles Published in Professional Outlets – pg. 2 Articles Published in Refereed Scholarly Journals – pg. 2 Books – pg. 3 Conference Participation – pg. 3 Grants and Funded Research – pg. 3 Other – pg. 3 Research Spotlights March: Dr. Tony Faria – pg. 4 February: Dr. Yash Aneja – pg. 6 January: Dr. Diana Kao – pg. 7 Calls for Papers and Conference Participation – pg. 9 Useful Research Tips and Ideas Research type Definitions – pg. 19 Basic Elements of Grant Writing from Non-governmental Sources – pg. 19

OUR RECENT ACHIEVEMENTS Articles Published in Professional Journals, Magazines or Newsletters Craig Fleisher’s article (w/ B. Bensoussan) entitled “Strategic group analysis” published in Competitive Intelligence, 2003, 6(1). Audra Ong’s paper entitled the “Changing the Language of Accounting,” is in press at Credit Control, 2003. Audra Ong and Roger Hussey’s paper entitled “The IASB and the White Rabbit,” is in press in Accountancy, Institute of Chartered Accountants England and Wales, London, 2003. Articles Published in Refereed Scholarly Journals Tony Faria’s article "The Adoption, Retention and Discontinuation of Business Simulation Games," has been accepted for publication in Simulation & Gaming and is slated to appear in March 2004. Craig Fleisher’s article “A chronological and categorized bibliography of key competitive intelligence scholarship,” (w/ P. Dishman & V. Knip) was published in the Journal of Competitive Intelligence and Management, 2003, 1(1-3). Craig Fleisher’s article “The development of competencies in international public affairs, published in the Journal of Public Affairs, 2003, 3(1). George Lan and Fritz Rieger’s article (w/McMahon M., and King N.) entitled “Moral Reasoning of Business, Nursing and Liberal Arts Students,” forthcoming in Journal of International Business and Economics Research, 2003. Howard Lin’s article (w/ S. Miller) entitled "Negotiation Approaches: Direct and Indirect Effect of National Culture", was accepted for International Marketing Review, Special Issue, 2003. Audra Ong’s paper “Fudged Accounting Theory: Evidence from the UK,” Journal of Management Research, is forthcoming April, 2003. Jagdish Pathak’s article "Information Systems Security Supports the Mission of Auditors and the Clients: Why & How?" was published as the lead piece in Internal Control, Issue 57, published by the Institute of Chartered Accountants of England & Wales (ICAEW) UK, 2003. Jagdish Pathak’s article "Information Systems Security Audit & Corporate Governance: A Program for Security Review Audit," was published in Corporate Governance, 2002, Vol 5, Issue 6, (Singapore) Books Craig Fleisher’s book (w/ D. Blenkhorn) entitled “Controversies in Competitive Intelligence: The Enduring Issues,” was published by Praeger, March, 2003. Roger Hussey’s book (w/ J. Collis) entitled “Business Research,” 2nd ed., Basingstoke, UK was published by Palgrave, 2003. A Chinese ed. Is forthcoming in 2003. Roger Hussey’s book (w/ M. Bendrey and C. West) entitled “Essential Elements of Financial Accounting in Business,” 5th ed., London, UK is being published by Continuum International Publishing Group, 2003. Roger Hussey’s book (w/ M. Bendrey and C. West) entitled “Essential Elements of Management Accounting,” 5th ed., London, UK is being published by Continuum International Publishing Group, 2003.

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Andrew Templer’s book entitled “Managing Human Resources,” 3rd Ed., is forthcoming from Pearson Canada, 2003. Conference Participation Tony Faria’s effort "Business Manager Identification of Competitors in Real World and Simulation Settings," was presented at the Association for Business Simulation and Experiential Learning, March 2003. Tony Faria’s paper entitled "Business Gaming Selection Criteria," was presented at the Association for Business Simulation and Experiential Learning, March 2003. Craig Fleisher presented his paper (w/ D. Blenkhorn) entitled “Practice, Research and Education in Global and International CI: Looking Forward,” at the Society of Competitive Intelligence Professionals Annual Academic Conference, 2003, Anaheim, California. Diana Kao’s (w/ Wiebe, N., and Lovett-Doust, L) panel discussion proposal on “Closing the Distance through Hybrid Learning,” was accepted by the Canadian Association for Distance Education (CADE) 2003 Conference, to be held in St. John's, Newfoundland. Diana Kao’s paper (w/Wang, S.) entitled "Ethics in Online Auctions" was accepted to be published in the Proceedings of the Six Annual Ethics and Technology Conference, Boston, June , 2003. Howard Lin is serving as the ASAC annual meeting’s conference chairman for the International Business track. He is currently busy working with reviewers. Jagdish Pathak presented a research paper 2002 entitled “Information Systems Audit Services and Design of Mechanism for E-Commerce” in the main session of the 9th World Congress of Accounting Educators at Hong Kong in November, 2002. Grants and Funded Research Martha Reavley has received an $8000 research grant from CCMS to work toward a trilateral education agreement with Poland and the Ukraine. Other Four Odette School of Business faculty members were nominated for the 2002 Odette Research Awards. Nominations for the awards closed 24 March, 2003. These awards are given to both experienced and junior researchers on an annual basis. More information can be found at the Odette Research Chair site at: http://www.fleisher.ingo/drcraigsfleisher/id4.html

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ODETTE RESEARCH SPOTLIGHTS

MARCH Name: Dr. A. J. (Tony) Faria, Professor of Marketing Number of Years at OSB: 27 Functional Area: Marketing PhD From: Michigan State University (1972) Background Before going back to school for his MBA and Ph.D., Dr. Faria worked as a sales representative for the Sunshine Biscuit Company and as a buyer for DaimlerChrysler in their Centerline, Michigan parts distribution centre. After completing his Ph.D., he served as a partner with ADEVCO (Development) Consultants and as President of MARCON Marketing Consultants. Academically, he taught full-time at Wayne State University (Detroit, Michigan) and Georgia Southern University (Statesboro, Georgia). Dr. Faria has also been an invited speaker at a number of universities and business organizations and has run numerous executive seminars across the U.S. He has also gained international and cross-industry exposure by running marketing strategy seminars in China and Estonia and for a number of businesses including Kindred Industries, the Huronia District Hospital, Algoma Steel, Navistar International, Hematite, Waltec Industries, among others. Areas of Research Interest 1. Marketing Strategy 2. Marketing Planning 3. Survey Research Response Rates 4. Business Simulation Gaming 5. Market Forecasting 6. Business Location Selection Criteria 7. Automotive Assembly Capacity Investments 8. Marketing History Courses Regularly Taught Dr. Faria has successfully taught marketing courses at various levels, including undergraduate, graduate and executive levels. His teaching and research activities often beneficially come together in these courses as students learn from and apply the materials he developed through the years in a variety of insightful books and simulations. 1. Marketing Problems 2. Marketing Management 3. Marketing Strategy Planning 4. Sales Management 5. Market Forecasting Recent Research Contributions Over the course of his academic career, Dr. Faria has written seven textbooks, ten chapters in other texts, published over 40 refereed journal articles, over 110 refereed conference papers, seven papers in trade journals, and has won seven conference best paper awards. In addition to his impressive record of publications and awards, Dr. Faria has given numerous talks over the past two to three years at the Automotive Parts Manufacturers' Association (APMA) Human Resources conference, the APMA Regional Conference (held each February in Windsor), the APMA national conference (held each April in Hamilton), and to various Windsor/Essex Development Commission meetings/seminars. He has also given numerous TV, radio, newspaper and magazine interviews on the automotive industry.

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His most recent publications include: The Subject is Marketing, Nelson Canada (Scarborough, Ontario), 2nd Edition, 2002. "The Adoption, Retention and Discontinuation of Business Simulation Games," Simulation & Gaming, (slated to appear in March 2004). "The Changing Nature of Business Simulation Gaming Research: A Brief History," Simulation & Gaming, 2001 32(1), March, pp. 97-111. "Business Simulation Games: Current Usage Levels," Simulation & Gaming, 1999, 29 (1), March, pp. 295-309. "Business Gaming Selection Criteria," Association for Business Simulation and Experiential Learning, March 2003. "Business Manager Identification of Competitors in Real World and Simulation Settings," Association for Business Simulation and Experiential Learning, March 2003. "Getting Your Simulation Game Published," Association for Business Simulation and Experiential Learning, March 2002. "Participant Identification of Competitors in a Marketing Simulation Competition," Association for Business Simulation and Experiential Learning, March 2002. "Simulation Games for Student Involvement," Ontario Business Educators' Association, March 2001. "An Investigation of the Environmental Awareness Attained in a Simple Business Simulation Game," Association for Business Simulation and Experiential Learning, March 2001. "Incorporating Computer Simulations in the Marketing Curriculum," Midwest Business Administration Association, March 2000. Most Important Research Contributions Dr. Faria believes that the most important research contributions that he has made fall into the following areas: 1. Business simulation gaming usage 2. Business gaming history 3. A history of business gaming research 4. Survey response rates 5. Automotive parts plant location decisions 6. Automotive assembler investments 7. Technical and skilled trades employment in the automotive industry Dr. Faria was one of the founding members of the Association for Business Simulation and Experiential Learning which has since grown into the largest organization in North America devoted to simulation gaming development, usage and research. He has undertaken the two largest studies ever of simulation gaming usage levels in academia and in business training programs. These studies are referenced whenever there is discussion of gaming usage. In addition, his many papers on business gaming history and the changing nature of simulation gaming research over the past 40 years are among the most widely quoted studies in the field. He has also been involved with some of the largest studies reported in the literature experimenting with survey response incentives and their effect on survey response rates.

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His continuing work over the past ten years (sponsored by the Automotive Parts Manufacturers' Association and the Automotive Branch of Industry Canada) examining location decisions made for new automotive parts plants have been distributed throughout the automotive industry in Canada. In addition, his ongoing reports on the demand/supply of technical and skilled trades workers in the automotive industry, and ongoing worldwide capacity investment announcements of the automotive assemblers, are distributed to all automotive and automotive parts companies in Canada. If you would like to learn more or speak with Dr. Faria about his research and interests, please e-mail him at the Odette School at ad9@uwindsor.ca.

FEBRUARY Name: Dr. Yash Aneja Number of Years at OSB: 18 Functional Area: Management Science Title: Full Professor PhD From: The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA Professional Background Before Coming to the OSB Dr. Aneja was an award-winning member of the Faculty of Administration at the University of New Brunswick in Fredericton from 1974–1984. He had previously studied at and earned two degrees in statistics as well as a graduate diploma in computer science from the Indian Statistical Institute in Calcutta, India. Areas of Research Interest: 1. Operations Research and Management Science 2. Flows in Transportation and Communication Network. 3. Combinatorial and Integer Programming. The area of Operations Research (OR) has applications in many disciplines, including but not limited to mathematics, computer science and industrial engineering. Because of these many inter-disciplinary pathways in OR, Dr. Aneja has collaborated extensively with colleagues in many different areas of study. His research is primarily focused either on 1) developing new models and solution techniques for management problem situations not considered in the literature, or 2) providing improved algorithms (both theoretical and computational) for existing management science and operations management models. Regular Courses He Teaches: Dr. Aneja regularly teaches both undergraduate as well as graduate-level courses. 1. Business Data Analysis 2. Quantitative Decision Models 3. Spreadsheet Modeling in DSS Most Recent Research Contributions: Dr. Aneja has published consistently in recent years, as he has throughout his career. He has already had 8 refereed articles accepted for publication or published since 2000. 1. His paper (w/R.Chandrasekaran and K.P.K. Nair) entitled “Parametric Analysis of Overall Min-

cuts and Applications in undirected networks,” has been accepted for publication in Information Processing Letters.

2. His paper (w/R.Chandrasekaran and K.P.K. Nair) “Parametric min-cut analysis in a network,” was recently accepted for publication in Discrete Applied Mathematics.

3. His paper (w/R.Chandrasekaran and K.P.K. Nair) entitled “Minimum cost system reliability with discrete choice sets for components,” was recently accepted for publication in IEEE Transactions on Reliability.

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4. As well as having supervised a number of graduate students over the last years, he is also currently co-supervising a PhD student in Mathematics working on “Developing a Decision Support System for School Bus Acquisition, Planning and Routing”.

Most Important Research Contributions: Dr. Aneja has been a prodigious scholar, having published nearly sixty refereed papers during his academic career. His work is regularly cited by other scholars and he is recognized as a leader in his subject matter areas of expertise. He has published papers in many journals, including being a multiple author in several of these, among others: Algorithmica, Discrete Applied Mathematics, European Journal of Operational Research, IEEE Transactions on Reliability, International Journal of Production Research, International Journal of Systems Science, Journal of Finance, Journal of the Operational Research Society, Management Science, Mathematical Programming Study, Naval Research Logistics Quarterly, NETWORKS, Operations Research Letters, Opsearch, and Transportation Science. In recognition of the value of the contributions he has made and continues to make, Dr. Aneja’s research has been supported by half a dozen various grants from the National Sciences and Engineering Research Council (NSERC) over the past 25 years. He was also awarded the prestigious Research Professorship Award from the University of Windsor in 1994.

JANUARY Name: Dr. Diana Kao Number of Years at OSB: 12 Functional Area: Management Science PhD From: McMaster University Professional Background Before Coming to the OSB Dr. Kao earned her Ph.D. from McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada. She majored in Management Information Systems while minoring in Operation Research and Statistics. Prior to this, she also earned a Graduate Diploma in Accounting from Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada. Before she received her advanced education, she spent half a decade as a small business owner participating in international trade both in Taiwan and in Canada. Areas of Research Interest 1. Electronic Commerce 2. Enterprise Software 3. Internet-based Teaching and Learning Dr. Kao particularly enjoys conducting international research focusing on the use of information technology in China and Taiwan, particularly in areas of ERP (Enterprise Resource Planning) software, e-commerce, and Web-based education software. As part of this stream of work, she has also invited and worked with a visiting professor from China to collaborate with her – indicative of the international cooperation on research that the OSB has recently been aiming to increase as it further internationalizes its efforts. She also is involved in examining E-commerce, specifically concentrating on how to help organizations plan and design successful e-business ventures. Lastly, she is combining her strengths in research and teaching by performing research in the area of WWW-based teaching and learning. In this subject matter domain, she is studying how to enhance the learning experience of both on-campus students and distance students using hybrid models (i.e., combining the strength of person-to-person and Internet teaching techniques). Regular Courses Taught Diana is an excellent instructor who often takes the lead at Odette in terms of introducing new pedagogies. She is also an accomplished “distance-ed” instructor who regularly teaches courses over the web in this flexible format. 1. Introduction to Management Information Systems (2nd year undergraduate)

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2. Database Management Systems (3rd year undergraduate) 3. Management Information Systems (1st year MBA) 4. Strategic Implementation of Technology and Innovation (2nd year MBA) 5. E-business and Enterprise Resource Planning Software (1st year MBA) Most Recent Research Contributions Kao, D. and Decou, J. (2003). A Strategic Based E-Commerce Planning Model. Industrial Management Data Systems. Forthcoming. Kao, D. and Shao, P.J. (2002). The Role of SAP in China’s Informationization Process. Issues in Information Systems. Kao, D. and Shao, P.J. (2002). The Informationization Process in China. International Conference of Pacific Rim Management, Los Angeles, California, August 2002. Proceedings on CD-ROM. Kao, D. and Decou, J. (2002). Promoting Successful E-commerce Ventures - An E-commerce Planning Model. 3rd World Congress on the Management of Electronic Commerce, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada. Proceedings on CD-ROM. Kao, D. and Decou, J. (2001). Applicability of E-Commerce Models to the E-Commerce Planning Process. Issues in Information Systems, Vol.II, pp.172-178. Kao, D. (2001) Selecting a Software that Meets the Need of an Institute. International Conference of Pacific Rim Management, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. pp. 357-361. Kao, D., Tousignant, W. and Wiebe, N. (2000) A Paradigm for Selecting Institutional Software, ISECON 2000, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Proceedings on CD-ROM, article number 127. Most Important Research Contributions 1. Kao, D. and Archer, N.P. (1997). Abstraction in Conceptual Model Design. International Journal of Human-Computer Studies. Vol.46, pp.125-150. In this effort, she studied how human abstract a problem and design solutions. A software prototype was developed to demonstrate how the design process could be supported. Kao, D. and Decou, J. (2003). A Strategic Based E-Commerce Planning Model. Industrial Management Data Systems. Forthcoming. In this paper, the authors proposed a model to support the process of e-commerce planning. Managerial issues concerning the implementation of e-commerce were also discussed. 3. Kao, D. and Shao, P.J. (2002). The Role of SAP in China’s Informationization Process. Issues in Information Systems. China is one of the developing countries that are experiencing computerization and ‘informationization’ at a quickly growing rate. This paper examined the role of Enterprise Resources Planning (ERP) software in the process.

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CALLS FOR PAPERS AND CONFERENCE PARTICIPATION Please be advised that the 2003 Conference of the Australia-New Zealand International Business Academy (ANZIBA) will be held at the University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand on 7-8 November 2003. The Call for Papers is now available at the following ANZIBA website: http://www.anziba.org/ Yours sincerely, Professor Sid Gray ANZIBA President THE JOURNAL OF AMERICAN ACADEMY OF BUSINESS, CAMBRIDGE The Journal of American Academy of Business, Cambridge has been accepted for listing in ABI (PRO QUEST) and CABELL'S DIRECTORY Submissions Deadline: April 5, 2003 Main Web: www.jaabc.com E-Mail: drsenguder@aol.com Please see the web site for other events - Conferences: London, Istanbul and Miami: www.jaabc.com Please see the web site for the guideline and for the other events before you submit your paper. We would appreciate if you would inform your faculty about the event. If your e-mail program does not support clicking the link above then simply copy or cut it and paste it. www.jaabc.com Dr. Turan Senguder, Executive Chair The Journal of American Academy of Business, Cambridge or Dr. Jean Gordon, Chair The Journal of American Academy of Business, Cambridge International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Innovation Management (IJEIM) is pleased to announce a Special Issue on "Entrepreneurship and Innovation in Emerging Economies." This Special Issue aims to provide a forum for scholars and researchers to exchange views and ideas on the latest findings in their respective fields of study. The Special Issue will publish original conceptual and theory-based empirical papers and case studies addressing entrepreneurship, innovation, and technological changes in emerging economies in the age of globalization. Examples of appropriate topics include, but are not limited to: a. The emergence and growth of entrepreneurial firms in emerging economies. b. New business incubators and networks, technology and science parks, enterprise support systems etc. c. Government policies towards entrepreneurship and innovations in emerging economies. d. Growth and contributions of venture capital and similar government funds or grants to entrepreneurship and economic development. e. Managing and leading fast-paced high-technology start-ups f. Managing technology and innovation g. Managing technology transfer h. Revitalization of SOEs in emerging economies i. Intrapreneurship and corporate venturing j. International aspects of entrepreneurship k. Strategic alliances in emerging economies, especially among SMEs.

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l. In-depth case studies and lessons learnt with practical business implications for strategy and competitiveness. m. Licensing and franchising. n. Cross-cultural comparative management IJEIM places great emphasis on the quality of the papers it publishes. A full double-blind refereeing process is used. The manuscript should represent original research and should not be accepted or under consideration for publication in other journals. Completed papers should be sent to the Guest Editor before September 1, 2003. Send your submission as a single attachment file to an email to jtan@creighton.edu. In your email, please include (1) the full title, (2) abstract, (3) three key words of your paper, and (4) full name and postal address, including email and fax, of all authors. Manuscript (the attachment file) should be prepared in English, to ensure that: 1. The first page should include the title and abstract only. The text starts from the second page, including the title. No author identification information should be included to facilitate anonymous review process. Acknowledgements can be added after the paper is accepted for publication. 2. When saving the file, all author identifying information has been removed from the attachment. 3. The manuscript is doubled spaced, with all pages numbered, and formatted correctly in the form of a Word file, using Word 2000 (or an earlier version). 4. The length is limited to 30 double-spaced pages including text, references, tables and figures. 5. The file prints out correctly (check especially to be sure imported figures and tables print, as you want them to!). Authors are welcome to send abstracts or detailed outline of proposed papers in advance. Notes for intending authors are printed inside the back cover of the Journal; more detailed guidance and sample papers are available on the website (www.inderscience.com). Papers and all editorial correspondence should be addressed to: Justin Tan Professor of Management College of Business Administration Creighton University 2500 California Plaza Omaha, NE 68178, USA Phone: (402) 280-2440 | Fax: (402) 280-5565 | E-mail: jtan@creighton.edu The CIBER centers at the University of Pittsburgh and the University of South Carolina are happy to announce a new FDIB program in Central and Eastern Europe and Russia in May, 2003. Please visit the program website at: http://ibc.katz.pitt.edu/Academics/IBC0Flyer.pdf for additional information or contact Matthew Malinowski at mjm27@ucis.pitt.edu. Best regards! Tatiana Tatiana Kostova, Ph.D. Associate Professor International Business Department Moore School of Business University of South Carolina I am happy to let you know that I am now editing a book series on cross-cultural management. I am now looking for proposals for edited/authored volumes/monographs. Fresh PhD's who want to turn their theses into monographs are welcome as well. Please pass the word around for me about this series. regards, Kwok Leung

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Book Series on Cross-cultural Management Series editor: Kwok Leung, Department of Management, City University of Hong Kong Published by Ashgate, an UK publisher (http://www.ashgate.com) Aim of the series Cross-cultural management is an emerging field that has attracted a great deal of attention from scholars and practitioners because of the globalizing trends in business. International joint ventures and alliances are now commonplace, and multi-national operations are becoming a standard business model. Migration patterns have also led to increasing workplace diversity in many countries. The issue of culture has never been so important in the workplace, and this series intends to help define and shape this new field by integrating previous works and identifying productive avenues for new research. This series is intended for academics and graduate students in business and related fields, and for practitioners who want a more in-depth treatment of this topic. This series explores cross-cultural issues in a management context. Topics relevant to this series include management of international joint ventures, workplace diversity, international negotiations, overseas assignments, and other related issues. This series is intended to be interdisciplinary and pluralistic, and authors from different backgrounds are welcome. Authors who are interested in contributing to this series should submit a proposal to the Series Editor: Professor Kwok Leung Department of Management City University of Hong Kong Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon Hong Kong e-mail: mkkleung@cityu.edu.hk Tel (852) 2788 7969 Fax (852) 2788 9085 Call for Papers Group and Organization Management Special Issue Title: Cultural Intelligence in the Global Workplace Due Date: 31st December 2003 Guest Editors: Kok-Yee Ng, Chay-Hoon Lee, P. Christopher Earley Group and Organization Management is pleased to announce a call for papers for a special issue on "Cultural Intelligence in the Global Workplace." In the last decade, the world has witnessed the relentless pace of globalization in businesses and organizations, characterized by the formation of international collaborations, mergers, joint ventures, and the opening up of new markets such as China and India. As a result, employees are increasingly exposed to global work assignments, and to a culturally diverse workplace. A major challenge posed by this landscape is the need to understand the cultural assumptions and rationale underlying the thoughts and actions of culturally-dissimilar others. Culture intelligence, broadly defined as the capability to deal effectively with people from different cultural background and understanding, is hence an important attribute of a successful employee in the 21st century. The objective of this special issue is to provide a forum for scholars to lead the discourse on Cultural Intelligence(CQ) - a new domain of intelligence that has immense relevance to the increasingly global and diverse workplace. Yet, given the novelty of the idea of CQ, much research is needed to develop and validate this concept. To this end, we seek empirical and theoretical papers that open up new horizons in our understanding of the nature of CQ, or extend current perspectives on related concepts of cultural competencies, through the use of sound theories, rigorous analyses and interesting insights. The novelty of the Cultural Intelligence concept implies that many interesting research questions

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remain to be raised and explored. Here, we highlight some questions that can facilitate a greater understanding, as well as application, of the concept to the global workplace. (1) What? What is the nature of CQ, and how does it fit into the broader stream of research on intelligences? In particular, how does it integrate with the theory of "multiple intelligences" that asserts the presence of multiple facets to one's intelligence, and how is it distinguished from other types of intelligence, such as emotional and social intelligence? Is cultural intelligence a uni- or a multi- dimensional construct? (2) How? How do culturally intelligent individuals experience, interpret, and make sense of the global workplace? How are cultural dilemmas or misunderstandings resolved by individuals with high, versus those with mediocre levels of CQ? That is, what processes mediate the presumed relationship between CQ and effective outcomes as they relate to interactions with people from different cultures? (3)Why? Why are some people more culturally intelligent than others? Do individual differences in traits/personalities predispose different people to possess varying levels of CQ? What forms of training or interventions are effective for enhancing one's CQ? (4) Levels? Is it meaningful to conceptualize CQ at various levels of analyses? That is, are some teams and organizations more "culturally intelligent" than others? If so, how may groups and organizations create and sustain CQ at the various levels of analyses? (5) Measurement? How do we measure CQ, so that organizations can develop assessment and training tools to enhance the CQ of their employees? In addition to the fundamental questions concerning the conceptualization and operationalization of CQ, there are two critical performance domains that CQ can be examined in. (a) Global leadership. Effective global leadership has often been cited as a key driver of successful global organizations. How does CQ facilitate effective global leadership that transcends cultural borders? What leadership behaviors/styles are manifested in leaders with high CQs, and how do they impact their diverse followers? (b) Innovation. One advantage of cultural diversity is the potential for innovation arising from the presence of multiple perspectives. Yet, it is clear that not all multicultural teams/organizations are able to harness this benefit. How may CQ enhance the likelihood of innovation success in culturally diverse teams/organizations? What processes are likely to explain this link? A corollary question is how does CQ facilitate the reconciliation of differences and conflict, and how does it enhance the probability of arriving at culturally synergistic solution that embraces the ideas or interests of various parties? Authors with conceptual ideas or data that can shed understanding, and/or stimulate further interest, on the concept of CQ or related concepts on cultural competencies, are invited to submit to this special issue. In all papers, authors should address both the theoretical as well as managerial implications of their work. Manuscripts should follow the American Psychological Association's or Academy of Management Journal's standard requirements as specified in the "Style Guide for Authors." Cover letters must request specifically that papers be considered for this special issue. Submissions for the special issue should be sent directly to one of the three co-editors (4 copies plus an original and cover letter): Kok-Yee Ng or Chay-Hoon Lee at Nanyang Business School, S3-B2A-34, Nanyang Technological University, Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798; or to P. Christopher Earley at London Business School, Regent's Park, London NW1 4SA, England by December 31, 2003. -- AAhad M. Osman-Gani, MBA, PhD Professor of HRD and International Management

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Division of Strategy, Management & Organization Nanyang Business School (S3-B3A-27) Nanyang Technological University Singapore 639798 Associate Editor: International Journal of Training & Development (Blackwell, USA) Human Resource Development International (Routledge, UK) Chair: Academy of Human Resource Development (Asia Chapter) Tel: (65) 6790 4982 | Fax: (65) 6791-3697 E-mail: aahad@ntu.edu.sg URL: www.nbs.ntu.edu.sg New Association for Research on Management in China: International Association for Chinese Management Research, IACMR: http://www.iacmr.org/ New group for facilitation of collaboration on research studying cross-cultural values, cross-cultural leadership, and any other cross-cultural areas of interest: http://www.crossculturalcentre.homestead.com/ Prof. Romie F. Littrell, Ph.D. Faculty of Business, Auckland University of Technology Auckland 1020, New Zealand email: romielittrell@yahoo.com Tel. (64) 9 - 917-9999 ext. 5805, FAX 917-9629 http://www.romielittrellpubs.homestead.com/ http://www.crossculturalcentre.homestead.com/ CALL FOR PAPERS THE GEORGIA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY AND ROLLINS COLLEGE EMERGING MARKETS AND BUSINESS EDUCATION: PEDAGOGICAL MODELS AND CURRICULAR INNOVATIONS IN RESPONSE TO NEW OPPORTUNITIES AND CHALLENGES Business education in emerging markets is fast changing the way in which these markets operate and are perceived. Emerging markets consist of eighty percent of the world's population, some 75% of its trade growth in the foreseeable future, following U.S. Department of Commerce data. These markets, defined as both developing and transitioning, are located in Asia, Latin and South America, the Middle East, the Baltic State and Russia. Business education is a nascent phenomenon in many of these markets where economic elites have been heretofore trained overseas. The fast changing demographics and market dynamics more than justify a scholarly review and analysis of a policy area now clearly identified as critical by scholars, public policy makers, and business executives. The following topics are of special interest to the Editors and symposium organizers: *Successful pedagogical models; *Needs analysis in the light of changing environment; *Successful and transferable organizational models of the business education enterprises;

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*Training and executive education modalities and relevance to emerging markets' needs; *Course content and curricula; *Cross-cultural lessons; learning from each other; *Exchange programs for both students and teaching staff; *Use of international consulting and experiential projects; *Training of future generations of business educators; *The role of research in the business education enterprise in emerging markets; *Relationship of professional schools to government and industry: recruitment, placement. Papers will be refereed and presented at a Symposium sponsored by Georgia Tech and Rollins College. Selected papers will be published in a special issue of the Journal of Teaching International Business and as a book of readings, published by International Business Press (IBP)- an imprint of The Haworth Press Inc. of New York, London, and Oxford. For further information, please visit web page at http://www.haworthpressinc.com/store/product.asp?sku=J066 The following deadlines apply for submitted papers: April 28, 2003: papers due June 31, 2003: decisions regarding revisions and acceptance July 15, 2003: final formatted papers due October 16, 2003: Symposium presentation in Atlanta, Georgia 2004: Special Issue: Journal of Teaching International Business from selected papers A GT CIBER faculty mobility stipend may be obtained for travelers presenting and coming from distant locations. Submit questions and material to either Dr. Ilan Alon Assoc. Prof. of International Business Crummer Graduate School of Business Rollins College 1000 Holt Avenue-2722 Winter Park, Florida USA Email: Ilan.Alon@Rollins.edu Ph: 407 629-1540 Or Dr. John R. McIntyre, Prof. of International Management Exec. Dir., GT CIBER DuPree College of Management Georgia Tech, Room 415, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0502 Email: ciber@mgt.gatech.edu http://www.ciber.gatech.edu Ph: 404 261 1231 17th ANZAM Conference in Fremantle, Western Australia Closing date: 16 June 2003 Two types of papers are invited for the ANZAM Conference: • Refereed papers: Theoretical, empirical, literature reviews, management education issues, case studies. 10 pages in length. All submissions for the refereed papers will be double blind peer reviewed

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and published in the conference proceedings CD. Papers should show the author(s) name and address on a separate page to facilitate the blind refereeing process. • Non-refereed papers: These may be submitted for presentation as a paper or poster, and will be subject to editorial consideration. Only abstracts will be printed in the proceedings. Also welcome are proposals for Workshops. A doctoral workshop is planned and ANZAM encourages additional proposals on topics such as teaching issues, international education, getting published and topics related to the conference theme. Presenters of workshops should submit a 200 word proposal outlining the topic and relevant issues. PAPERS - Presenters will have 15 minute timeslots, plus 5 minutes for discussion. POSTERS - Posters will be displayed on single-sided display panels (1.8m high x 1.2m wide). Poster presentations will be short, informal synopses of approximately 10 minutes. Time will also be allowed for informal discussions around the posters. WORKSHOPS - Workshops are expected to be interactive and will have 90 minute timeslots. Presenters must advise the maximum number of participants preferred. A limited number of workshops will be accepted. Presenters of workshops should submit a 200 word proposal outlining the topic and relevant issues. Underline the presenting author(s). This author will be considered the key person for all contact. Include the names of all co-authors plus affiliations and addresses for correspondence (include email address). To assist the program committee, a brief personal profile (maximum 100 words) is required from the presenting author. Please attach the profile to the proposal. Note: Submission of papers/workshop proposals implies a commitment to attend and present if selected. Papers must not have been previously published or presented. More can be found at the Conference web-site: http://www.promaco.com.au/conference/2003/anzam/ British Academy of Management (BAM) Annual Conference Harrogate, September 15-17, 2003 First Call for Papers The overall theme of the Conference ' Knowledge into Practice' stresses the link between academic research and practical application. This embraces long term strategic research which may address fundamental issues in the development of management as a discipline. It also includes issues of implementation and application that may be closer to market and could include work on specific functional aspects of business. This year's Conference has also chosen to emphasize the contribution of management research to economic and social development particularly in terms of the international and regional agenda. The Conference organisers are particularly keen to attract papers that relate to the debate on the value of academic research. There will be specific tracks on the role and contribution of the Business Schools to economic and social development, as well as technology transfer innovation and entrepreneurship and international business (e.g. WTO). The organisers would also like to attract contributions on issues such as corporate governance, environmental management and ethics. There will also be a series of special interest group (SIG) sessions reflecting developments within BAM's academic community.

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Several key note speakers have been invited to address the main themes of the conference. Following last year's successful format these will include academics, practitioners and politicians who will contribute to the debate. The Conference organisers welcome contributions in the form of reports on completed work or discussion of work in progress. There will also be a doctoral programme, to be held before the main conference. Doctoral students will be able to present their work to peers and an audience of experienced supervisors who will provide guidance and feedback. Publication opportunities Papers submitted for the Best Paper award will be considered for publication in the British Journal of Management (BJM). In addition, selected refereed papers may be considered for publication in a range of other Journals. Papers are due by 14 April, 2003. For more information on how to submit, go to the BAM’s website at http://www.bam.ac.uk/ Australian and New Zealand Marketing Academy Annual Conference, Adelaide, 1-3 December 2003 ANZMAC invites submission of papers no later than 30th June 2003. They must be submitted in electronic format, conform to the format instructions and not contain author contact details. Please keep an exact copy for future reference. Papers will be subjected to formal double blind review. Authors will be notified of acceptance, rejection and/or suggested modifications as soon as the review process has been completed. Authors will have one month in which to amend their papers. Acceptance of the paper implies that at least one of the authors must attend the conference and present the paper. We encourage research that makes real discoveries. Such substantive knowledge development can be from exploring new ideas, or developing or questioning prior work in marketing. Submissions should be sent by email to Dr Rachel Kennedy ANZMAC Editor 2003 anzmac.editorial@marketingsciencecentre.com Other Conference Calls – Short Version Academy of Management 2003 Democracy in a Knowledge Economy August 1-6, 2003 Seattle, Washington, USA http://www.aom.pace.edu 111th Annual Conference of the American Psychological Association Toronto, Ontario, August 7-10, 2003 http://www.apa.org/convention/callforprograms 37th Annual Meeting of the Canadian Economics Association Ottawa, Ontario May 29-June 1, 2003

http://economics.ca/2003/ 28th Annual Macromarketing Conference August 11-14, 2003 Mashantucket, Connecticut 06339 http://uhavax.hartford.edu/macromktg/callPaper.html The 7th Triennial ACRA/AMS Retailing Conference Retailing 2003: Strategic Planning in Uncertain Times November 6-9, 2003 Columbus, Ohio Submission deadline: 1 May, 2003

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New Journal - Call for Papers The Journal of Competitive Intelligence and Management (JCIM) The Journal of Competitive Intelligence and Management (JCIM – ISSN 1703-5147) is the refereed, scholarly journal of the competitive intelligence (CI) profession, co-edited by Dr. Craig Fleisher (Odette School of Business, University of Windsor, Canada) and Dr. John Prescott (Katz Graduate School of Business, University of Pittsburgh, USA), and supported by the Society of Competitive Intelligence Professionals (SCIP) and the Odette Research Chair in Business, University of Windsor, Ontario, Canada. Its primary aim is to further the development and professionalization of CI and to encourage greater understanding of the management of competition by publishing original, high quality, scholarly material in a highly readable format covering all aspects of the field, with an eye toward practical applications. The primary audience encompasses academics, CI practitioners, private and public sector managers who use CI in their decision-making, vendors, and government organizations. Broadly, JCIM publishes two types of manuscripts: full-length empirical and/or theoretical articles (some with comment from noted practitioners) and shorter department pieces, which include columns, concise case studies, and book reviews. These efforts should emphasize practical implications and are particularly useful when based on the author's own experience and research. JCIM is a scholarly journal that utilizes a double blind review process. An Editorial Board of active and contributing CI scholars from around the globe evaluates articles for potential publication. Information for Authors Theoretical and empirical scholarly submissions are welcome. Articles submitted to JCIM should make a contribution to knowledge in the field of CI or the management of competition or competitive behavior between organizations. Whenever appropriate, JCIM articles should be broadly generalizable and meaningful to an international audience. All articles should, of course, be intrinsically interesting, well-written, informative, rigorously developed, and preferably, thought provoking. No one discipline, and no single methodology is viewed as inherently superior. Research based in any of the sciences is welcome. Potential contributors will find JCIM open to many different perspectives. Topics covered include, but are not limited to, competitive dynamics, industry evolution, capability assessment, the roles and interactions between intelligence producers and users, cognitive approaches to competition, network analysis, performance implications, methods and techniques of information collection; data analysis and dissemination; the role of information technology and database management; international CI, the role of government; security and counterintelligence; competitor dynamics; and ethics. JCIM will evaluate submissions based on contribution, conceptual and empirical rigor. Papers will be double blind-refereed and judged on the following major criteria:

• Interest to a broad scholarly audience representing all functional areas of business who seek to learn more about CI and the management of competition between organizations

• Timeliness of subject matter, recognition and integration with recently published work in the field as demonstrated through an appropriate theory development and citations.

• For conceptual papers, the extent to which models are complete and free from logical flaws. • For empirical papers, application of appropriate statistical methods and tools. • Clarity and writing style. • The presentation of clear and supported practical implications and recommendations for CI

professionals. • There is no minimum or maximum length requirement, although most published full-length papers

will typically range from between 3500-7500 words. Especially desired are full-length articles that develop or test new theory, significantly challenge/clarify current theory or state of knowledge, carefully define or test important constructs, provide empirical

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studies of relevant phenomena, or review the literature. Literature review articles will be considered, but theoretical contributions should go beyond simply summarizing the state-of-the-art knowledge and extend our understanding about an area in a unique way. Meta-analyses are a particularly useful approach for examining the state of the literature related to a particular construct or topic area. JCIM also publishes shorter articles (range 2000-3500 words) that make a substantive contribution to the advancement of theory within a more narrowly focused domain. These shorter articles might rigorously develop a single proposition, clarify a certain aspect of theory, or add a new concept to existing theory. Authors may also critique, extend, or otherwise comment on previous theoretical work in meaningful and constructive ways. Manuscripts that debate conceptual or theoretical premises will also be considered. JCIM Manuscript Submission Type all components of the manuscript double-spaced, including title page, abstract, text, quotes, acknowledgments, references, appendices, tables, figure captions, and footnotes. The abstract should be no more than 100 words that can be understood by competitive intelligence and management practitioners and scholars not familiar with the theory and method of the article. Blind Review: To facilitate anonymous review, only the article title should appear on the first page of the manuscript. An attached cover page must contain the title, authorship, and an introductory footnote with professional titles, postal and e-mail addresses of the authors and any statements of credit or research support. Every effort should be made by the authors to see that the manuscript itself contains no clues to their identities. Manuscripts may be submitted using any of the following methods: VIA ELECTRONIC MAIL(Preferred Method): Attach the document as a Microsoft Word or Word 2000 file to a standard e-mail message addressed to Fleisher@uwindsor.ca or Prescott@katz.pitt.edu. If Microsoft Word is not available, save the document as a "rtf" file. Please be sure to check all documents for viruses prior to submission, as infected files will not be opened or reviewed for publication. VIA REGULAR OR EXPRESS MAIL: Submit both a hardcopy of the article and an electronic file version in Microsoft Word (or "rtf" if not available) on 3.5" 2HD diskette or CD-ROM. Manuscripts should be addressed to: Dr. Craig S. Fleisher, JCIM Co-Editor Odette School of Business – 508 OB 401 Sunset Avenue University of Windsor Windsor, Ontario N9B 3P4 Canada Fleisher@uwindsor.ca

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USEFUL RESEARCH TIPS AND IDEAS Types of Research – Definitions Pure Basic Research: Experimental or theoretical work which is undertaken primarily to acquire new knowledge without a specific application in view, and is carried out without looking for long term economic or social benefits other than the advancement of knowledge. It includes most humanities research. Strategic Basic Research: Experimental or theoretical work which is undertaken primarily to acquire new knowledge without a specific application in view, and is directed into specific broad areas in the expectation of useful discoveries. It provides the broad base of knowledge necessary for the solution of recognized practical problems. Applied Research: Original work which is undertaken to acquire new knowledge with a specific practical application in view. Applied research is undertaken to determine possible uses for the findings of basic research or to determine new methods or ways of achieving some specific and pre-determined objective. Experimental Development: Systematic work, using existing knowledge gained from research and/or practical experience, for the purpose of creating new or improved materials, products, devices, processes or services. In the social sciences, experimental development may be defined as the process of transferring knowledge gained through research into operational programs. Basic Elements of Grant Writing A number of faculty members have asked about the process for acquiring grants from non-governmental sources. The following material, which actually comes courtesy of the Corporation for Public Broadcasting (US) web-site, is about as ‘standard’ as it gets when it comes to preparing grant applications from foundations or other non-governmental sources. The Corporation for Public Broadcasting evaluates hundreds of proposals each year for a variety of funding purposes. This publication is an easy guide to the basic elements of grant writing and is offered to assist applicants to CPB and to other funding sources. It offers guideposts to help you through each stage of the process. These guideposts are transferable to a variety of grant applications. However, we encourage you to carefully read the guidelines written for each grant you select. Successful grant writing involves the coordination of several activities, including planning, searching for data and resources, writing and packaging a proposal, submitting a proposal to a funder, and follow-up. Here are some steps that will help. PREPARATION You are likely to find preliminary grant writing steps to be the most time consuming, yet most vital aspect of the process. If done well, your preparatory work will simplify the writing stage. 1. Define your project.

• Clarify the purpose of your project and write a mission statement. • Define the scope of work to focus your funding search. • Determine the broad project goals, then identify the specific objectives that define how you will

focus the work to accomplish those goals. Example:

• Goal: To improve production quality. • Objective 1: Recruit advanced production talent.

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• Objective 2: Train mid-level producers. • Objective 3: Upgrade production equipment.

These goals and objectives suggest the proposal will request support for recruitment activity, production training, and equipment purchase. In contrast, a different proposal with the same goal might focus only on equipment upgrades. Decide who will benefit. Benefits may extend beyond the direct beneficiary to include the audience, other institutions, etc. Draft expected project outcomes in measurable terms. Draft a timeline that includes the planning phase, the period of searching for funds, proposal writing, and the intended project start date. Periodically update the timeline as you learn more about submission deadlines, award timetables, etc. 2. Identify the right funding sources. Foundation centers, computerized databases, station development offices, publications, and public libraries are some of the resources available to assist your funding search. Do not limit your funding search to one source. Look for a match between your project and the grants you seek by looking for consistency between the purpose and goals of your project and the funder. In addition, pinpoint specific funding priorities and preferences. Make direct contact with funders to support projects like yours. Request proposal guidelines. Also request a list of projects previously funded. Perhaps an annual report is available. Inquire about the maximum amount available. Also, find out the average size and funding range of awards. Determine if funding levels of the grants you select are appropriate for your project. Note whether there is a funding floor or ceiling. Find out whether the funder has other grant sources for which your project is eligible. 3. Contact the funders. Think of the funder as a resource. Identify a project officer who will address your questions. Some funders offer technical assistance, others do not. Ask for technical assistance, including a review of proposal drafts. Inquire about how proposals are reviewed and how decisions are made. Inquire about budgetary requirements and preferences. Are matching funds required? Is in-kind acceptable as a portion of applicants' share? What may be counted as in-kind, and how might it be applied? Learn about payment processes, including cash flow. Remember, the contacts you make may prove invaluable, even if not for now.

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4. Acquire proposal guidelines. Guidelines usually tell you about:

• submission deadlines • eligibility • proposal format: award levels forms, margins, spacing, evaluation process and restrictions on the

number criteria of pages, etc. • review timetable • budgets • funding goals and priorities • award levels • evaluation process and criteria • whom to contact • other submission requirements

Additionally: Read the guidelines carefully, then read them again. Ask the funder to clarify your questions. 5. Know the submission deadline. Plan to submit your proposal on or preferably before the deadline. Be realistic about whether you have time to prepare a competitive proposal that meets the deadline. Know the funder's policies on late submissions, exceptions, and mail delays. Find out how the funder will notify you about the receipt and status of your proposal. Factor this information into your timeline. 6. Determine personnel needs. Identify required personnel both by function and, if possible, by name. Contact project consultants, trainers, and other auxilliary personnel to seek availability, acquire permission to include them in the project, and negotiate compensation. Personnel compensation is important budget information. 7. Update your timeline. This is a good point at which to update your timeline, now that you know about submission deadlines and review timetables. Factor into your schedule time to write multiple drafts, gather relevant and permissible materials, and prepare an impartial critique of your proposal for clarity, substance, and form. WRITING THE PROPOSAL Structure, attention to specifications, concise persuasive writing, and a reasonable budget are the critical elements of the writing stage. There are many ways to organize proposals. Read the guidelines for specifications about required information and how it should be arranged. Standard proposal components are: the narrative, budget, appendix of support material, and authorized signature. Sometimes proposal applications require abstracts or summaries, an explanation of budget items, and certifications.

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1. Narratives Statement of need - purpose, goals, measurable objectives, and a compelling, logical reason why the proposal should be supported. Background provides perspective and is often a welcome component. Approach - method and process of accomplishing goals and objectives, description of intended scope of work with expected outcomes, outline of activities, description of personnel functions with names of key staff and consultants, if possible. Method of evaluation - some require very technical measurements of results. Inquire about expectations. Project timeline - paints a picture of project flow that includes start and end dates, schedule of activities, and projected outcomes. Should be detailed enough to include staff selection and start dates. Credentials - information about the applicant that certifies ability to successfully undertake the proposed effort. Typically includes institutional or individual track record and resumes. Tips on Writing the Narrative: Narratives typically must satisfy the following questions:

• What do we want? • What concern will be addressed and why? • Who will benefit and how? • What specific objectives can be accomplished and how? • How will results be measured? • How does this funding request relate to the funders purpose, objectives, and priorities? • Who are we (organization, independent producer) and how do we qualify to meet this need?

The HOOK: There are many ways to represent the same idea. However, the HOOK tailors the description of the idea to the interest of a particular funder. The HOOK aligns the project with the purpose, and goals of the funding source. This is a critical aspect of any proposal narrative because it determines how compelling reviewers will perceive your proposal to be. 2. Budget Budgets are cost projections. They are also a window into how projects will be implemented and managed. Well-planned budgets reflect carefully thought out projects. Funders use these factors to assess budgets:

• Can the job be accomplished with this budget? • Are costs reasonable for the market - or too • high or low? • Is the budget consistent with proposed activities? • Is there sufficient budget detail and explanation? • Many funders provide mandatory budget forms that must be submitted with the proposal. • Don't forget to list in-kind and matching revenue, where appropriate. • Be flexible about your budget in case the funder chooses to negotiate costs.

3. Supporting materials Supporting materials are often arranged in an appendix. These materials may endorse the project and the applicant, provide certifications, add information about project personnel and consultants, exhibit tables and charts, etc.

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Policies about the inclusion of supporting materials differ widely among funders. Whether to allow them usually depends upon how materials contribute to a proposal's evaluation. Restrictions are often based on excess volume, the element of bias, and relevance. Find out if supporting materials are desired or even allowed. Be prepared to invest the time to collect resources, produce a tape, document capability, update a resume, collect letters, include reference reports or whatever is needed. 4. Authorized Signatures Authorized signatures are required. Proposals may be rejected for lack of an authorized signature. Be sure to allow the time to acquire a needed signature. 5. Specifications Tailor proposal writing to specifications found in the guidelines. Include only the number of pages allowed. Observe the format. Is there a form to complete? Must the proposal be typed, double spaced, on 8-1/2 x 11 inch pages? Are cover pages allowed or desired? Caution! - the beautifully bound proposal is not always appreciated or allowed. Be concise. Elaborations should add depth and scope, not page fillers. Be prepared to write one or more drafts. 6. Submission checklist a. The proposal must be NEAT, COMPLETE, and ON TIME, with the requested number of copies and original authorized signatures. b. Address the proposal as directed in the guidelines. c. Be sure to include required documentation. FOLLOW-UP Contact the funding source about the status, evaluation, and outcome of your proposal. It is important to request feedback about a proposal's strengths and weaknesses, although this information is sometimes unavailable, especially with a large volume of submissions. Reference information may also be useful if you choose to approach the same or different funder again with your idea