OS ZooOS Zoo

Mainframe OSMainframe OS Vast I/O capabilityVast I/O capability Types of services:Types of services:

BatchBatch Transaction processingTransaction processing TimesharingTimesharing

Server OSServer OS Serve many users over networkServe many users over network Types of services: print, file, webTypes of services: print, file, web

OS Zoo cont’dOS Zoo cont’d

Multiprocessor OSMultiprocessor OS Types: multicomputers, multiprocessorsTypes: multicomputers, multiprocessors

PC OSPC OS GUI for a single userGUI for a single user

RT OSRT OS Embedded OSEmbedded OS Smart Card OSSmart Card OS

Grid computingGrid computing““The term grid is one that we have been particularly involved in The term grid is one that we have been particularly involved in

promulgating, although it has also caught the fancy of many promulgating, although it has also caught the fancy of many marketers in recent years. According to one definition, a grid is marketers in recent years. According to one definition, a grid is “a system that uses open, general-purpose protocols to “a system that uses open, general-purpose protocols to federate distributed resources and to deliver better-than-best-federate distributed resources and to deliver better-than-best-effort qualities of service.”1 … grid technologies enable: (a) on-effort qualities of service.”1 … grid technologies enable: (a) on-demand access to computing capabilities; and (b) the demand access to computing capabilities; and (b) the federation of distributed resources and the management of federation of distributed resources and the management of those distributed resources to meet end-user requirements.2 those distributed resources to meet end-user requirements.2 Thus, grid is a big-picture term used to describe solutions Thus, grid is a big-picture term used to describe solutions relating to the flexible use of distributed resources for a variety relating to the flexible use of distributed resources for a variety of applications—as well as a term that emphasizes the of applications—as well as a term that emphasizes the importance of standards to interoperability.”importance of standards to interoperability.”

From From The Different Faces of IT as ServiceThe Different Faces of IT as Service, Ian Foster and Steven , Ian Foster and Steven Tuecke's article from the Enterprise Distributed Computing Tuecke's article from the Enterprise Distributed Computing issue of ACM Queue (Vol. 3, No. 6 - July/August 2005).issue of ACM Queue (Vol. 3, No. 6 - July/August 2005).

Grid computingGrid computing

““The term The term grid applicationgrid application is often used to refer to is often used to refer to applications that have been adapted to use a distributed applications that have been adapted to use a distributed infrastructure. Such applications have typically been infrastructure. Such applications have typically been parallelized and written to accommodate the dynamic parallelized and written to accommodate the dynamic addition and removal of physical resources. Application addition and removal of physical resources. Application programming environments that help programmers write programming environments that help programmers write such applications include vendor products from Data such applications include vendor products from Data Synapse and United Devices; the Synapse and United Devices; the Message Passing Message Passing InterfaceInterface library; workflow systems; and open source library; workflow systems; and open source systems such as Condor and Nimrod.”systems such as Condor and Nimrod.”

From From The Different Faces of IT as ServiceThe Different Faces of IT as Service, Ian Foster and , Ian Foster and Steven Tuecke's article from the Enterprise Distributed Steven Tuecke's article from the Enterprise Distributed Computing issue of ACM Queue (Vol. 3, No. 6 - Computing issue of ACM Queue (Vol. 3, No. 6 - July/August 2005).July/August 2005).

http://www.gridforum.org/documents/Diff_Faces_foster.pdfhttp://www.gridforum.org/documents/Diff_Faces_foster.pdf