Orthographic Projection
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Transcript of Orthographic Projection
![Page 1: Orthographic Projection](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081413/54623187b1af9f712b8b48b2/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Chapter 3
Orthographic Projection
![Page 2: Orthographic Projection](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081413/54623187b1af9f712b8b48b2/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
TOPICS
Object representation
Glass box concept
Line convention
Orthographic projection of point,line, plane, surface and object.
Multiview projection
![Page 3: Orthographic Projection](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081413/54623187b1af9f712b8b48b2/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
OBJECT REPRESENTATION
Axonometric projection
Multiview projection
![Page 4: Orthographic Projection](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081413/54623187b1af9f712b8b48b2/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
MULTIVIEW PROJECTION
Three principle dimensionsof an object …
Width Depth
Height
Width
He
igh
t
Depth
De
pth
… can be presented onlytwo in each view.
Adjacent view(s)is needed tofulfill the sizedescription.
![Page 5: Orthographic Projection](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081413/54623187b1af9f712b8b48b2/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
1. Revolve the object with respect
to observer.
TO OBTAIN MULTIVIEW REPRESENTATION OF AN OBJECT
2. The observer move around the
object.
![Page 6: Orthographic Projection](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081413/54623187b1af9f712b8b48b2/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
REVOLVE THE OBJECT
Front view Right side view
Top view
![Page 7: Orthographic Projection](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081413/54623187b1af9f712b8b48b2/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
OBSERVER MOVE AROUND
Front view Right side view
Top view
![Page 8: Orthographic Projection](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081413/54623187b1af9f712b8b48b2/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
THE GLASS BOX CONCEPT
Bottom view
Left side view
Rear view
![Page 9: Orthographic Projection](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081413/54623187b1af9f712b8b48b2/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
HeightWidth
De
pth
History
![Page 10: Orthographic Projection](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081413/54623187b1af9f712b8b48b2/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Orthographic Projection
of Object Features
![Page 11: Orthographic Projection](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081413/54623187b1af9f712b8b48b2/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
OBJECT FEATURES
Edges are lines that represent the boundary
between two faces.
Corners Represent the intersection of two or
more edges.Edge
Corner
Edge No edge
No corner No corner
![Page 12: Orthographic Projection](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081413/54623187b1af9f712b8b48b2/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Surfaces are areas that are bounded by edges
or limiting element.
Limitingelement
is a line that represents the last visible
part of the curve surface.
Surface Surface Surface
LimitLimit
OBJECT FEATURES
![Page 13: Orthographic Projection](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081413/54623187b1af9f712b8b48b2/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
A
B
PROJECTION OF POINT(S)
AF
BR
AT
BF AR
BT
AFAR
AT
BFBR
BT
Equaldistance
![Page 14: Orthographic Projection](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081413/54623187b1af9f712b8b48b2/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
A
B
AF BF BRAR
AT
BT
BR
AR
AF BF
AT
BT
True length
NORMAL LINETrue lengthPoint
Equallength
PROJECTION OF LINE
![Page 15: Orthographic Projection](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081413/54623187b1af9f712b8b48b2/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
AB
AF BF BRAR
AT
BT
INCLINED LINEForeshortened
BR
AR
AF
BF
Foreshortened
AT
BT
True length
A
Equallength
PROJECTION OF LINE
![Page 16: Orthographic Projection](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081413/54623187b1af9f712b8b48b2/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
AB
AF
BF BR
AR
AT
BT
OBLIQUED LINE
A
Equallength
B
ForeshortenedForeshortened
Foreshortened
BR
AR
AF
BF
AT
BT
PROJECTION OF LINE
![Page 17: Orthographic Projection](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081413/54623187b1af9f712b8b48b2/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
BC
A
PROJECTION OF PLANE
BF AF,CF CRAR,BR
AT
CT
NORMAL PLANE
Equallength
EdgeEdge
True size
CR
AR,BR
AF,CF
BF
AT
BT
CT
BT
![Page 18: Orthographic Projection](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081413/54623187b1af9f712b8b48b2/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
BC
BF AF
CR
AR,BR
AT
CT
INCLINED PLANE
A
Equallength
BT
C
CF
Edge
CR
AR,BR
Foreshortened
BT
CT
AT
AF
CF
Foreshortened
BF
PROJECTION OF PLANE
![Page 19: Orthographic Projection](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081413/54623187b1af9f712b8b48b2/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
BC
BF
AF
CR
AR
AT
CT
OBLIQUED PLANE
A
Equallength
BT
C
CF
B
BR
Foreshortened
CR
AR
BR
AF
BF CF
Foreshortened
AT
BT
CT
Foreshortened
PROJECTION OF PLANE
![Page 20: Orthographic Projection](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081413/54623187b1af9f712b8b48b2/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
PROJECTION OF OBJECT
The views are obtained by projecting all object
features to the picture plane.
You have to project the remaining surfaces which areinvisible too !You have to project the remaining surfaces which areinvisible too !
![Page 21: Orthographic Projection](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081413/54623187b1af9f712b8b48b2/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
s
s
s
PROJECTION OF OBJECT
![Page 22: Orthographic Projection](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081413/54623187b1af9f712b8b48b2/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
PROJECTION OF OBJECT
![Page 23: Orthographic Projection](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081413/54623187b1af9f712b8b48b2/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Line Convention
![Page 24: Orthographic Projection](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081413/54623187b1af9f712b8b48b2/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
LINE CONVENTION
Precedence of coincide lines.
Hidden line drawing.
Center line drawing.
![Page 25: Orthographic Projection](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081413/54623187b1af9f712b8b48b2/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
PRECEDENCE OF LINE
Visibleline
Visibleline
Order ofimportance
Hiddenline
Hiddenline
Centerline
Centerline
![Page 26: Orthographic Projection](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081413/54623187b1af9f712b8b48b2/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
HIDDEN LINE PRACTICE
Hidden line should join a visible line, except itextended from the visible line.
Correct
No !
Join
Leavespace
![Page 27: Orthographic Projection](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081413/54623187b1af9f712b8b48b2/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Correct No !
Hidden line should join a visible line, except itextended from the visible line.
Leavespace
Leavespace
HIDDEN LINE PRACTICE
![Page 28: Orthographic Projection](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081413/54623187b1af9f712b8b48b2/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Hidden line should intersect to form L and Tcorners.
Correct
No !
L T
HIDDEN LINE PRACTICE
![Page 29: Orthographic Projection](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081413/54623187b1af9f712b8b48b2/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Hidden arcs should start on a center line.
HIDDEN LINE PRACTICE
![Page 30: Orthographic Projection](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081413/54623187b1af9f712b8b48b2/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
CENTER LINE PRACTICEIn circular view, short dash should cross at the
intersections of center line.
For small hole, center line is presented as thin
continuous line.
Center line should not extend between views.
Leave space Leave space
![Page 31: Orthographic Projection](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081413/54623187b1af9f712b8b48b2/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Leave the gap when centerline forms a
continuation with a visible or hidden line
Leavespace
Leavespace
Leavespace
Leavespace
Center line should always start and end with
long dash.
CENTER LINE PRACTICE