Origins of The Cold War
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Transcript of Origins of The Cold War
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Modern World History, by Dan McDowell. Teaching Point, ©2004
Class Notes 11:1 Origins of the Cold War
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Definition
• The Cold War was a state of economic, diplomatic, and ideological discord among nations without armed conflict.
• Cold War “battles” occur in Europe, Africa, Latin America, and the Middle East
• 1945-1991
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Background
• Mutual distrust between U.S.A. and U.S.S.R. had been brewing since the 1917 Russian Revolution (when U.S. forces invaded Russia to assist the anti-communist troops)
• Soviet Union and United States united to defeat Hitler in WWII
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Background• Once the war ended,
differences became more apparent
• Soviets lost 27 million people and saw mass devastation in the west
• Americans lost just over 400,000 men and suffered no attacks after Pearl Harbor
• Stalin had a strong interest in keeping the Soviet Union safe from any future invasions
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Post War World
• At the Yalta
Conference in 1945, Stalin agreed to self determination for European nations after WWII
• Stalin wanted to ensure security for the Soviet Union (remember their losses)
Churchill, Roosevelt, and Stalin at Yalta.
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Post War World
• Stalin wanted a buffer zone and he wanted to extract reparations from East Germany
• The other Allies had agreed to divide Germany, but division was seen as temporary – wanted to build international market system for trade – which the U.S. would dominate
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Post War World
• Stalin installed communists government controlled by Moscow in Bulgaria, Hungary, Yugoslavia, Poland, Czechoslovakia, and East Germany
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Post War World
• He ignored his promise at Yalta
• American attainment of the atomic bomb and different U.S./British leadership at the Potsdam conference changed post-war diplomacy
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Significant Differences
• While the U.S.A. and U.S.S.R. had united in their efforts to defeat Hitler, ideological differences drove them apart after the war
• Both sides wanted their values and economic and political systems to prevail
• Both wanted a sphere of influence• Both agreed that capitalism and communism
could not coexist and that the other system was inherently evil
• As a result, both took a hard line (fear-driven) towards the other
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NATO vs. WARSAW PACT1945-1960s
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American Policies
• George Kennan, U.S. Ambassador to the Soviet Union
• He believed the Soviets needed communism to triumph in order to justify bloody dictatorship
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American Policies
• Led to American (Truman policy) idea of containment – keep communism within its current borders and eventually more moderate leaders will reform the government
• U.S. established Marshall Plan to help rebuild capitalist Europe and Truman Doctrine to prevent communist groups gaining control in non-communist states
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BRINKSMANSHIP……
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Spheres of Influence
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