Origin of HCH stockpiles - EIP Water...Hindenburg disaster sodium chloride Hydrogen is a very...
Transcript of Origin of HCH stockpiles - EIP Water...Hindenburg disaster sodium chloride Hydrogen is a very...
Luis Salvatella, Full Professor of Organic ChemistryPOPs landfills as a major threat to freshwater: Research on upcycling "pure" HCH waste
researcher at , a joint institute of and
Origin of HCH stockpilesLindane was produced as an insecticide for more than 50 years.Production of 1 kg of lindane generated ca. 10 kg of hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH).
LINDANE
WASTE WASTE WASTE WASTE WASTE
WASTE WASTE WASTE WASTE WASTE
East Germany
Data from: J. Vijgen et al., Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. 2011, 18, 152.
J. Vijgen, The Legacy of Lindane HCH Isomer Production, IHPA, 2006.
France NetherlandsJ. Vijgen et al., Environm. Pollut. 2019, 248, 696-705.
Romania
HCH is classified as a Persistent Organic Pollutant (POP).HCH releases are banned by the Stockholm Convention (implemented by European regulation).HCH was stockpiled as a waste close to the lindane production plants.HCH stockpiles are located around the World, mostly in the European Union.1.9 Mt HCH stockpiles are known. 2-5 Mt additional HCH stockpiles are suspected.
Luis Salvatella, Full Professor of Organic ChemistryPOPs landfills as a major threat to freshwater: Research on upcycling "pure" HCH waste
researcher at , a joint institute of and
HCH landfills as a threat to freshwater
light water air time
solid and liquid wastehttps://www.heraldo.es/multimedia/imagenes/aragon/inquinosa-40-anos-de-contaminacion-junto-al-rio-gallego/16/
B. H. Kueper et al. (eds.), Chlorinated Solvent Source Zone Remediation, Springer, 2014.
DNAPL
Most HCH stockpiles were landfilled. Buried liquid waste-containing metallic barrels rust and liberate contents in theunderground. Solid and liquid wastes (along with physical and chemical agents) generate a Dense Non-Aqueous Phase Liquid(DNAPL) in HCH landfills. DNAPL plumes migrate slowly by gravity and diffusion through the underground and can reach therivers. Because of high density and viscosity, DNAPL extraction is very difficult.
DNAPL
Luis Salvatella, Full Professor of Organic ChemistryPOPs landfills as a major threat to freshwater: Research on upcycling "pure" HCH waste
researcher at , a joint institute of and
HCH pollution is very close to you
ca. 150 000 t HCH waste
INQUINOSA plant (Sabiñánigo)
ZaragozaInstituto Geográfico Nacional
Palacio de Congresos
Gállego riverZaragoza
Sardaslandfill
Bailínlandfill
Sabiñánigo
Google Maps
100 mINQUINOSA
plant
Sabiñánigo
HCH landfills from the INQUINOSA plant(Sabiñánigo) are very close to the Gállegoriver, which flows into the Ebro river inZaragoza, 5 km from here. Several actionshave been taken against DNAPL, but150.000 t of solid HCH waste still remain.
HCH plume
Luis Salvatella, Full Professor of Organic ChemistryPOPs landfills as a major threat to freshwater: Research on upcycling "pure" HCH waste
researcher at , a joint institute of and
Research on safe inexpensive methods to upcycle HCH
benzene1,2,4-trichlorobenzene
Pd/C
isopropanol acetone
Hindenburg disaster
sodium chloride
Hydrogen is a very dangerous gas.
Sodium hydroxide treatment of HCH readily yieldstrichlorobenzenes, dangerous organochlorinecompounds. Subsequent replacement of chlorine byhydrogen can be achieved by using hydrogen gas inthe presence of a catalyst.
Use of a hydrogen precursor (e. g., isopropanol) is being investigated.
Regional Minister of Rural Development and Sustainability: Order of 27 October 2017, Order of 27 March 2018 (extended in 2019)
Project: Waste as Raw Materials: Chemical Transformations in Circular Economy (WARM) (RTI2018-093431-B-I00)
"Building Europe from Aragon" (reference research group E37_17R)
Thanks to funds from: Dr. José Antonio Mayoral
Dr. José Ignacio García†
Dr. José María FraileDr. Luis SalvatellaDra. Elísabet PiresDra. Clara I. Herrerías
Dr. Fernando López-GallegoDr. Eugenio VispeLena GilNicoll P. ZeballosSara GraciaRaquel Lumbreras
Researchers:
Benzene is finally obtained as a useful industrial compound.
sodium hydroxide
Further research is requiredto ensure freshwater quality.