Organisms interactions

Carl Linnaeus is the father of Science Nomenclature: The system used for classifying organisms. In the plant and animal kingdoms organisms are arranged into:

DomainKingdomPhylumClassOrderFamilyGenusSpecies

Science Nomenclature

The 5 Kingdoms1. Animalia: Animals2. Plantae: Plants3. Fungi: Mushrooms, mold4. Monera: Monerans include all bacteria.

They are composed of prokaryotic cells. This means they are all one celled organisms, and have the ability to move around and have cell walls.

5. Protista: relatively simple organization (unicellular, one celled)

Organisms Life Needs• Food, water, air, shelter, energy

and space are the life needs of organisms.

• Growth, reproduction, energy transformations, respiration, waste removal, movement and responses are basic life processes.

• They all depend on energy transformations.

Plant Life Needs• The life needs of plants are: light,

energy source, gases, water, and nutrients.

• Chlorophyll is a chemical in chloroplasts that can absorb or trap energy and transform it into chemical energy called glucose

• Plants respond to light by growing toward it or away form it (phototropism)

Populations• Organisms exist as a member of their

population. They interact by competing for basic resources, mates, and territory

• Populations cooperate with each other to meet needs and have social order to ensure that labor and resources are shared

• Independent behavior and group behavior can influence a population

InteractionsEvery organism fills a specific niche, or role

in itscommunity

1. Producers (Plants) are photosynthesizers that are the beginning of food chains

2. Predators are animals that kill and eat other animals.

3. Prey are animals that are hunted by other animals for food.

4. Omnivores are animals that eat animals and plants.

5. Heterotroph’s are consumers, an organism that must obtain their food from eating other organisms.

Predator Prey Relationships

Interactions continued

6. Herbivores are animals that eat only plants.

7. Carnivores are animals that eat only meat.

8. Scavengers feed off dead animals.9. Decomposers are organisms that

break down other organisms. (bacteria, fungi)

Types of Symbiotic Relationships

1. Mutualisms when both organisms benefit (Sea anemone and clown fish)

2. Commensalisms is when one organism benefits and the other is unaffected (cleaner shrimp and Nemo)

3. Parasitism is when one organism benefits and the other is harmed (Tape-Worm)

Food Chains• A food chain is a diagram of

relationships between living organisms. • Shows living things depend on other

things to live. Animals eat other animals to survive. A complex balance of life. If one animal source of food disappears, other animals may be impacted and die.

• A food web is two or more food chains hooked together.

• A food pyramid shows relative amounts of energy available to each level.

Food Chains & Webs

Predator, Prey and the Food Chain

Levels1st level consumer- Primary consumer:

usually herbivores, animals that eat plants and algae. (caterpillar)

2nd level consumers- Secondary consumer: usually carnivores, animals that eat the primary producers. (lizards)

3rd level consumers- Tertiary consumer: animals that don’t have predators, they are considered the top of the food chain. (birds of prey, hawks, falcons, eagles, owls)

Organisms• Organisms adapt to abiotic and biotic

factors in their home• Abiotic: non living parts of an

ecosystem (sun, water, air) • Biotic: means “pertaining to life”, the

living members of the community • Animals respond to cold conditions with

a period of lowered metabolism (hibernation)

• Organisms may respond to adverse conditions with a period of lower or suspended metabolism (dormancy)

Abiotic & Biotic

Ecosystems & Biomes

• Examples of ecosystems are forests, tidal pools, ponds

• Ecosystems, living communities, and their physical environment are functional units within the biomes

• Each major biome include climate range, and how well organisms have adapted

• Biomes are smaller divisions of ecosystems

• Organisms have specific structures, functions, and behaviors that enable them to survive the conditions of a particular biome

Biomes

Tundra Desert TaigaRain ForestGrasslands

MarineDeciduous Forest

Carbon Dioxide CycleIn the carbon dioxide-oxygen cycle,

producersrelease oxygen for consumers who

release carbondioxide for the producers

(Photosynthesis).

Water CycleThe parts of the water cycle are transpiration, evaporation, condensation, precipitation, runoff and infiltration.

Nitrogen CycleNitrogen cycle is the circular path in which nitrogen moves through the environment. Nitrogen is a gas that makes up 78% of the earth’s atmosphere.1.Nitrates (made by nitrogen converters) are a combination of oxygen and nitrogen, absorbed by the roots of plants.2.Nitrifying bacteria converts ammonia from dead plants and animals and animal waste to nitrates that can be used by plants.3.Denitrifying bacteria converts ammonia from dead plants and animals and animal waste into Nitrogen, which is released into the atmosphere.4.Ammonia is a gas given off by dead plants and animals waste.

Terms you need to know

• Homeostasis• Asexual Reproduction• Spontaneous Generation