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Features of organisms

Features of organisms

Learning Objectives:

– Main features in the cells of living organisms.– Main features of the 5 kingdoms of living things.– The features used to place organisms into groups

within the animal kingdom.– The main features used to place organisms into

groups within the plant kingdom.

What are the main features in cells?

All cell contains the following components (ORGANELLES):

• Cell membrane – this is the outer surface of the cell and it controls what comes in and out of the cell.

• Cytoplasm – a gel-like substance where most of the chemical reactions happen.

• DNA – the genetic material that controls the cell’s activities.

What are the main features in cells?

What are the main features in cells?

Also:

• Ribosomes - they make proteins (PROTEIN SYNTHESIS).

ENZYMES:

• An enzyme is a protein molecule.

• The basic function of an enzyme is to increase the rate of a reaction.

What are the main features in cells?

Kingdoms●The first big division of living things in the classification system is to put them into one of five kingdoms.

These are based on what an organism's cells are like.

●The five kingdoms are:●Animals (all multicellular animals)●Plants (all green plants)●Fungi (moulds, mushrooms, yeast)●Bacteria (all single cells)●Protoctists (Amoeba, Chlorella and Plasmodium)

Animal Kingdom

• They are MULTICELLULAR.• Cells contain a Nucleus.• They can MOVE AROUND.

Plant Kingdom

• They are MULTICELLULAR.• Chloroplasts used for Photosynthesis.• Cell Wall made of cellulose that surrounds the cell

membrane and provides support and strengthens the cell.

• Vacuole a large space in the middle of the cell that contains salts and sugars to support the cell.

Prokaryote Kingdom

• Bacteria.• They are Single Celled.• They don’t have a nucleus. Instead, they have a single

strand of DNA in the cytoplasm.• They also contain Plasmids. (extra bits of DNA)• Most bacteria feed of other organisms (Living and

Dead)

Fungi Kingdom• Can be single or multi-celled.• They contain hyphae (thread like structures that contain

nuclei).• They can’t photosynthesise.• Their cell walls contain chitin.• They feed by saprotrophic nutrition which means they

excrete enzymes around their body to dissolve food and then absorb the nutrients.

Protoctista Kingdom• They are single celled and microscopic.• Some have chloroplasts like plants.• Others are more like animal cells.

Viruses

Living or not?

Viruses

• They are smaller than bacteria.

• They can only reproduce inside living cells.

• They don’t have a cellular structure.

• They have a protein coat around some DNA or RNA.

Coursebook Pgs 6-7

Title - The Kingdoms of living organisms.● Write down the characteristics for each

kingdom of living organisms.● E.g:● Animals

– Multicellular– Cells have a nucleus, but no cell walls or

chloroplasts– Feed on organic substances made by other living

organisms.

Features of the animal kingdom.

Do you have a backbone?

If an animal has a backbone it is called a vertebrate; if not, it’s called an invertebrate.

Worksheet 1.2 – Characteristics of vertebrates

Complete the table for each specimen or picture:1

2

3

4

15

6

Classification

Extension

Pages 11 - 121) Write a list of the characteristics of Arthropods:●Insects●Crustaceans●Arachnids●Myriapods

2) Write a list of the characteristics of plants:●Ferns●Flowering Plants

Monocots and Dicots. (Plants)

Monocotyledons:• One seed leaf.• Strap-shaped leaves.• Parallel veins.

Dicotyledons:• Two seed leaves.• Various shaped leaves.• Branching veins.

Monocotyledons and Dicotyledons

Features of organisms

Learning Objectives:

– Main features in the cells of living organisms.– Main features of the 5 kingdoms of living things.– The features used to place organisms into groups

within the animal kingdom.– The main features used to place organisms into

groups within the plant kingdom.