Organic Chemistry
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Transcript of Organic Chemistry
Organic Chemistry
Organic Chemistry
• All about CARBON!!!!
• 4 electrons available and ready to bond
• Carbon also likes to bond with other Carbon• this makes carbon chains!
Organic Chemistry• Forms strong bonds (covalent) with
• Oxygen (2)• Hydrogen (1)• Sulfur (3)• Nitrogen (3)
• Because Carbon is so versatile and strong it is often called a “carbon backbone”• Two or more atoms make a molecule
• H2O• NaCl
Organic Chemistry
• Vocab:• Molecule: when two or more atoms bond
• Ex: H2O & NaCl• Monomer: small groups of molecules that bond with other groups of
molecules• Ex: Glucose & Fructose
• Polymer: Several monomers bonded together• Ex: Starch & DNA
• Macromolecule: several polymers bonded together• Ex: Carbohydrates & Lipids
• Images from the following websites:• MOLECULE: (http://www.materialssciencerocks.com/hydrogen-bonding-what-holds-everything-together/ )
• Monomer(http://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=&imgrefurl=http%3A%2F%2Fmoodle.esu13.org%2Fmod%2Fassignment%2Fview.php%3Fid%3D51639&h=0&w=0&tbnid=4YNbW_nCENZSzM&zoom=1&tbnh=192&tbnw=262&docid=mwlIO-E0II8TiM&tbm=isch&ei=ecMkVLGgB5KZyATB0IDICg&ved=0CAQQsCUoAA )
• Polymer (http://pslc.ws/macrog/kidsmac/basics.htm )
• Macromolecule (http://galleryhip.com/dna-macromolecule.html )
Organic Chemistry
Four Main Categories1. Carbohydrates2. Lipids3. Proteins4. Nucleic Acids
Image from: http://www.haspi.org/curriculum-library/Med-Bio-Core-Labs/00%20NEW%20NGSS%20Med%20Bio%20Labs%20COMPLETE/07%20Teacher%20-%20Macromolecules.pdf
Carbohydrates
• Made of:• Carbon• Hydrogen• Oxygen
• Monomer: monosaccharide • Ex: Glucose & Fructose
• Polymer: Polysaccharide• Ex: Starch
• Functions: easy/short term energy storage• Image from: http://www.todayifoundout.com/index.php/2010/11/misconceptions-surrounding-carbohydrates/
Lipids• Made of:• Carbon• Hydrogen• Oxygen
• Monomer: Glycerol & Fatty Acids
• Functions: long term energy storage, cell structure and cell-to-cell communication
• Image from: http://chemistrypictures.org/index.php/lipids
Lipids
• Energy Storage• Ex: Fats & Oils
• Lots of potential energy in the fatty acid tails
• Long-term energy storage, but harder to break down than carbs
• Image from: http://weloveteaching.com/0bio105/lectures/organics/Lipids.jpg
Lipids
• Nonpolar (don’t dissolve in water)
• Cell Structure:• Phospholipids• Hydrophilic (water loving) head• Hydrophobic tail (water fearing)• Creates a bilayer cell membranes!!!
• Image from: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Phospholipid_TvanBrussel.jpg/300px-Phospholipid_TvanBrussel.jpg
Lipids
• Cell-to-cell communication Steroids!!• Cholesterol • Response to stress• Ring shaped
• Image from:• Cholesterol: http://elitemensguide.com/emg-health-numbers-hdl-cholesterol-and-ldl-cholesterol/
• Steroid structure https://encrypted-tbn3.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcSQ7POqWcDhvCcJ0j4QNEbSJabO-zHEqZkCcyVr5jqLHXlPrfqC
Proteins
• Made of:• Carbon• Hydrogen• Oxygen• Nitrogen
• Monomer: Amino Acids• Polymer: Proteins• Functions: Cell regulation, control rate of reaction, and helping build bone & muscle
• Images from:• Structure http://amit1b.wordpress.com/the-molecules-of-life/about/
• Food: http://livehealthyosu.com/tag/caffeine/
Nucleic Acids
• Made of:• Carbon• Hydrogen• Oxygen• Nitrogen• Phosphorous
• Monomer: Nucleotide• Polymer: DNA & RNA!!!
• Image from: http://images.tutorvista.com/cms/images/81/dna-and-rna.png
Nucleic Acids
• Function: Store and transmitting (passing on) genetic information!
• Image from: http://www.visualphotos.com/photo/1x6057874/human_baby_dna_helix__genetic_sequences_artwork_g340052.jpg