Organ Systems ST 110 Chapter 4. Objectives Describe the various organ systems of the body Describe...
-
Upload
erick-james -
Category
Documents
-
view
217 -
download
4
Transcript of Organ Systems ST 110 Chapter 4. Objectives Describe the various organ systems of the body Describe...
Organ SystemsST 110
Chapter 4
Objectives
• Describe the various organ systems of the body
• Describe the concept of homeostasis and it’s importance to your health
• Compare and contrast negative and positive feedback
• Discuss organ replacement, problems versus solutions
Introduction
• Organ – a collection of two or more different tissues, organized to perform a specific function
• Organ System – a collection of various organs organized to perform a specific function not capable of a single organ
• Eleven organ systems:– Integumentary System– Skeletal System– Muscular System– Nervous System
Introduction
• Organ Systems– Endocrine System– Circulatory System
• Cardiovascular System• Lymphatic System• Immune System
– Respiratory System– Digestive System– Excretory (Urinary) System– Reproductive System
Integumentary System
• Components– Skin– Hair– Nails– Suderiferous (sweat)
glands– Sebaceous glands
• Functions– Protection– Helps regulate body
temperature– Houses sensory
receptors
Skeletal System
• Components– Bones– Joints– Ligaments– Cartilage
• Functions– Support and protection– Attachment point for muscles– As a rigid framework for movement– Produces blood cells– Stores inorganic salts
Muscular System
• Components– Muscles– Tendons
• Functions– Locomotion– Internal movement– Heat generation
Nervous System
• Components– Brain– Spinal Cord– Associated Nerves
• Functions– Communication and
coordination of function between body parts
– Memory– Learning– Conscious thought
Endocrine System
• Components– Pituitary Gland– Pineal Gland– Thyroid – Testes– Ovaries – Hypothalamus– Thymus– Pancreas– Adrenal Glands
• Function– Regulate body metabolism, growth, and
reproduction
Circulatory System:Lymphatic SystemImmune System• Components
– Lymph vessels– Lymph nodes– Thymus– Spleen– Red bone marrow
• Function– Transportation– Protection
Circulatory System:Cardiovascular System
• Components– Heart– Arteries– Veins– Capillaries– Blood
• Function– Transportation
Respiratory System
• Components– Nasal Cavity– Pharynx– Larynx– Trachea– Bronchi– Lungs
• Function– As a reservoir for
oxygen/carbon dioxide gas exchange
– Helps regulate acid/base balance
Digestive System
• Components– Mouth– Tongue– Teeth– Salivary Glands– Pharynx– Esophagus– Stomach– Liver– Gallbladder– Pancreas– Small Intestine– Large Intestine
• Function– Introduce, breakdown, and absorb nutrients– Eliminate waste
Excretory(Urinary) System• Components
– Kidneys– Ureters– Urinary Bladder– Urethra
• Function– Eliminate waste
products from the blood– Help regulate
fluid/electrolyte balance
Reproductive System
• Components– Male
• Scrotum• Testes• Penis• Epididymides• Ductus (vas) deferens• Seminal vesicles• Prostate• Bulbourethral Glands• Urethra
• Components– Female
• Ovaries• Uterine (fallopian) tubes• Uterus• Vagina• Vulva • Mammary Glands
Reproductive System
• Function – perpetuation of the species
Homeostasis
• Ability to maintain a relatively constant internal environment.
• Regulated and maintained by the integration of the organ systems of the body
• Conditions monitored– O2/CO2 concentration
– pH– nutrient/waste concentration– Electrolyte concentration– Extracellular fluid volume and pressure
Feedback Systems
• Means by which the body maintains homeostasis
• Two types– Negative feedback
• Most often used• Acts to reverse change in the internal
environment– Positive feedback
• Acts to accelerate or increase change in the internal environment
Organ Replacement
• Approximately 8 million transplant operations are performed annually
• Artificial organs – only a temporary fix• Xenograft organs – temporary measure• Advances to increase organ availability
– Expansion of acceptable donor criteria– Improved organ preservation during transport– Procedures that allow for implantation of a
partial organ– Advances in genetic engineering, stem cell
biology, and tissue engineering