Organ Systems in Animals and Plants

Animal Organ Systems

The Integumentary System

• The most visible organ system

• Made up of skin (epidermis & dermis) and accessory organs

• Accessory organs include: horns, antlers, hooves, sweat glands and sebaceous glands

• The integument helps regulate body temperature and prevent infection.

                  

The Digestive System

• Is a tube that extends from the mouth to the anus

• The tube (in humans made up of the esophagus, stomach, small and large intestines and rectum) facilitates the break down and absorption of nutrients

• During absorption nutrients leave the digestive system and enters the circulatory system

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q3986Yfl5cU

Earthworm Digestive System

• Food enters through its mouth

• The esophagus contracts to push the food into the crop (storage stomach)

• Food then enters the gizzard which grinds the food

• Food is pushed into the intestines for absorption

• Waste is expelled through the anus

Fish Digestive System

• Food passes from the fishes mouth (which have teeth designed for the fishes specific diet) down the esophagus into the stomach

• Some fish have a pyloric caecum which further breaks down the food and absorbs nutrients

• Food is broken down further and absorbed in the intestine

Frog Digestive System

• • The tongue (attached in the front) and two sets of teeth help the frog catch and hold its prey

• The frog uses its eyes to aid in swallowing

• Food travels through the gullet, down the esophagus, to the stomach and then intestines

• The waste exits through the cloaca

The Respiratory System

• The function of the respiratory system is to obtain oxygen and release carbon dioxide

• Air enters either the mouth or nose and moves through the trachea into the bronchus and bronchioles

• The bronchioles empty into the alveoli which are surrounded by blood vessels

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hc1YtXc_84A

BreathingBreathing

Inhalation (expanding the chest cavity):

• Rib cage rises• Diaphragm contracts

and moves downExhalation (decreasing

the chest cavity):• Rib cage lowers• Diaphragm relaxes

and moves upwardshttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Lygr-

rAtHgA&feature=related

The Circulatory System

• The blood transportation system

• Includes the heart, blood, and blood vessels

• Blood vessels include arteries (thick muscular walls) which carry blood away from the heart, veins (thinner walled vessels with valves) which carry blood towards the heart and capillaries

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H04d3rJCLCE

Capillaries

• •

• Only one cell thick, oxygen and carbon dioxide flow in and out by diffusion

• Diffusion is the movement of a substance from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration

The Excretory System

• • Consists of the kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, urethra and skin

• This system filters waste products from the blood and maintains proper levels of water and electrolytes

• The nephrons in the kidney filter urea and other wastes from the blood to form urine

• The skin excretes water, salts and urea

Plant Organ Systems

Shoot system and Root System

• The shoot system is everything above ground

• The root system is everything below ground (including aerial roots)

Transpiration

• Water is pushed up the roots via the root hairs and into the xylem in the stem (up about 2m in some plants)

• As water evaporates from the stomata in the leaves each evaporating water molecule pulls up on the adjacent water molecule

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=At1BJJDcXhk