Scientific Presentations: Abstracts, oral sessions, and posters
Oral presentation of scientific research article/paper
description
Transcript of Oral presentation of scientific research article/paper
Oral presentation of scientific research article/paper
Designed, written and presented by:Saeed Zarein-Dolab PhDE-mail: [email protected]
1. PREPARATION AND PLANNING 2. STRUCTURE OF AN ORAL
PRESENTATION Introduction Body Conclusion3. Dealing with questions4. Body Language
1. PREPARATION AND PLANNING
What is the aim? W ho am I talking to? How much they know about the topic? What are they interested to know? What are the points I want to make? How many people are there? How big is the room? What tools do I need? when How long
2. STRUCTURE OF AN ORAL PRESENTATION
Introduction (3 slides: Introducing yourself, finding/purpose/question, outline)
Body (introduction 0-8, materials & methods 1-10, findings 1-20)
Conclusion, recommendation (1-4 slides)
2. STRUCTURE OF AN ORAL PRESENTATION: introduction
Getting the audience’s attention and signaling the beginning
Greeting the audience Introducing oneself Giving the title and introducing the subject Reason for choosing the title Announcing the duration of the presentation
Stating the objectives (purpose, aim, goals) Presenting the outline Announcing the possibility of commenting or
asking questions
Qualitative analysis of first drafts of manuscripts written in article writing workshops in an EFL context
Presenter:Saeed Zarein-Dolab PhDAssociate ProfessorShahid Beheshti Medical University Tehran-Iran
5th EATAW Conference, 2009The Roles of Writing Development in Higher Education and Beyond
Evaluating the modular education in higher education, developing a modular educational framework and predicting its applicability in clinical education
Hamideh ReshadatjooPhD in Higher EducationIslamic Azad University: Science and Research Branch
Saeed Zarein-Dolab (The presenter)PhD in [email protected] Beheshti University: Medical Campus, Tehran, Iran
Right. Well. OK. Erm, Good, Fine, great.Shall we start?Let’s begin.Can we start?Let’s get the ball rolling.Let’s get down to business
Getting the audience’s attention and signaling the beginning :
Greeting the audience
HelloGood morning (up to 12)Good afternoon (from 12:01-18)Good evening (from 18:01 onwards)NO GOOD NIGHTHello fellow colleagues thank you for your kind attentionLadies and gentlemen
Greeting the audience (continued)
Members of the juryMembers of the boardMr chairman/chairwoman
Introducing oneselfName, position, university, city and country:
Good afternoon ladies and gentlemen, let me introduce myself, my name is Saeed Zarein-Dolab PhD and I am an associate professor of Shaheed Beheshti Medicall university in Tehran-Iran.
Good morning everyone, I’d like to start by introducing myself. My name is Dr. Saeed Zarein-Dolab. I am an associate professor of English language in Shaheed Beheshti Medical University in Tehran-Iran.
XXXX I am the head of medical school of
XXX I am researcher from …. I’ve been working on the subject now for 10 years..I’ve had wide experience in the field of ….
Good morning, my name is Saeed Zarein-Dolab. I am a PhD student at Bristol University and I would like to talk to you about some of my findings in a study I did on XXXXX
Other examples
Ladies and gentlemen, I would like to talk about XX I would like to report on a research
conducted on XXX in Iran in 2010 I would like to thank the authorities of this
seminar specially Dr Broadfoot for providing this opportunity for me to present the results of a research study conducted on XX
Ladies and gentlemenIt is my great pleasure to report on my research
conducted on I am very much pleased to have this opportunity to
present/report/share my experiences on X on Y in Z with you in this seminar.
I would like to thank you for participating in this oral presentation and I hope you do not get bored. This oral presentation is about ………
I am pretty sure you would be excited at the end of this presentation ….
The host introducing the guest speaker
Ladies and Gentlemen, I am very pleased and proud to introduce Dr XXX who is a lecturer in XXX university. He is known for his extensive research on ….
Now I’ll turn the floor over to today’s speaker.
Giving the title and introducing subject
I plan to speak about …. Today I am going to talk about The subject of my today presentation is .. The theme of my talk is … I’ve been asked to give you an overview of .. I ‘d like to reflect on the results of my
research on xxxx conducted in Tehran-Iran in 2004.
Reason for choosing the title
I have chosen to speak about this topic because
I was asked to speak about this because ..
Announcing the duration of the presentation
I will not speak more than 20 minutes I have limited my presentation/speech to 10
minutes My talk will last about 20 minutes. I will speak about 12 minutes
The question
Is it possible to improve faculty members’ research writing ability through a two-day workshop? And if yes, how successful it would be?
The purpose
To evaluate the present and the ideal situation of modular education
To develop a Modular Educational Framework for higher education
To seek the consensus over the applicability of the framework in higher education and medical education
The purpose
The main purpose of the study was:to examine the relation between X
and Y in X patients
The specific aims were:1. to 2.
Stating the objectives (purpose, aim, goals)
My purpose in presenting this paper is to give you a solid background on the subject of XXXXXX (so that
What I would like to do today is:to explain how we can reduce risk of …to illustrate how economy changes when …to give you the essential background information ..to have a look at how different teaching approaches
affects students’ performances on ..
What I want my listeners to get out of my speech is:
How different teaching approaches affect students’ performances on …
If there is one thing I’d like to get across to you today is:
That how different To explain how different
Your outline
Your outline should be about 4-8 points The outline should be of the same
grammatical structures
Three slides: Title page Purpose/ finding/objectives/question Outline
Outline (3)
The outline of the presentation:1) methods of teaching2) Data collection/treatment3) Results4) conclusion
Outline
The problem / the need for the study Data collection Participants Method of analysis Findings The actual presentation of the framework Conclusion suggestions
I have broken my speech down/up into four parts. At first I explain about different methods of teaching. Then I describe how students were selected and data was collected. In the third part, I present the results of the analysis and at the final part I talk about the conclusion of the research.
I have divided my presentation up into four parts …..
In the first part I will give a few basic definitions of
In the next section I will explain In part three, I am going to show .. In the last part I would like/want to give a
practical example ….
Announcing the possibility of commenting or asking questions
I’d ask you to save your questions for the end. There will be plenty of time at the end of my
presentation for a discussion You may interrupt me at any moment to ask
questions or make comments Please stop me if you don’t understand any
thing I say but could you keep any specific questions until after I‘ve finished.
Making a transition between introduction and the body
Now let us turn to point one. Let us now move to second point, which is,
as I said earlier, about (the data collection)
2. STRUCTURE OF AN ORAL PRESENTATION: the body
Body
In most cases you will have to limit the content, as time is usually precious!
Introduction: (0-4slide)Known (optional) The problem or unknownPurpose/question Material and method: (1,10 slides)Data collectionProcedure
Introduction
The importance of modular education Literature on ME The purpose of the study
Stating the problem
Modular education has been of much attention but little is conducted to:– Show the actual dimensions– The relevant indices– The general framework to conduct it more
efficiently
The materials and methods
It can be divided into 1-10 slides Data collection, patient selection,
questionnaire design, criteria for the selection of the XXX, preparation
Procedure, treatment, surgery, intervention,
Data collection
1. A general survey of the documentations of modularization in Iran and the world
2. Questionnaires– A. the authorities/lecturers in modular education– B. students in modular education– C. open ended questionnaire
3. Interview 4. Field observation
Selection of the plants
The plants Quantity The average age Number of buds
Environment– Climatic conditions
Materials & methods
The data were collected: through three stages:1. Stage one: selecting the participants2. Stage two: preparing them for the exam
a. b.
3. Stage three: sitting for the exam
How the study was conducted
The selection of the patients The preparation for surgery The procedure of the surgery The recovery
Materials & methods (procedure)
The surgery was conducted through three stages:1. Stage one:2. Stage two:
a. b.
3. Stage three
Stage one: selection of the participants
The following criteria were used for the selection of the participants
1. Age (20-25)2. Education 3. Economical status4. Marriage
Materials & methods
Methods of assessing the students ability1. Multiple choice questions2. Cloze test3. Recall in first language
findings
It can be divided into 1-20 (or even more) slides.
The discussion is also done on the tables, or figures
The important lines or cells should be highlighted
Results: (1-20)The purpose (optional)What was doneThe results / graphs/charts Conclusion: (1-4 slides)The answerRecommendation
The present situationindices Mean SD n t p
General designing of modular sytems 2.35 0.53 75 5.51 0.01Features of modules 2.33 0.71 77 4.08 0.01Components of modules 2.48 0.59 79 7.67 0.01Student admission 3.24 0.75 95 3.08 0.01Feedback 2.17 0.73 81 10.15 0.01Evaluation and accreditation of materials 2.28 0.68 73 8.92 0.01Management and recruitment 2.75 0.77 91 3.01 0.08Reengineering of the modules 2.50 0.88 91 5.34 0.01Graduation 2.67 0.84 82 4.08 0.01
The ideal situationindices Mean SD n t p
General designing of modular sytems 2.35 0.53 75 5.51 0.01Features of modules 2.33 0.71 77 4.08 0.01Components of modules 2.48 0.59 79 7.67 0.01Student admission 3.24 0.75 95 3.08 0.01Feedback 2.17 0.73 81 10.15 0.01Evaluation and accreditation of materials 2.28 0.68 73 8.92 0.01Management and recruitment 2.75 0.77 91 3.01 0.08Reengineering of the modules 2.50 0.88 91 5.34 0.01Graduation 2.67 0.84 82 4.08 0.01
The comparison between the ideal and present situationsindices Mean SD n t p
General designing of modular sytems 2.35 0.53 75 5.51 0.01Features of modules 2.33 0.71 77 4.08 0.01Components of modules 2.48 0.59 79 7.67 0.01Student admission 3.24 0.75 95 3.08 0.01Feedback 2.17 0.73 81 10.15 0.01Evaluation and accreditation of materials 2.28 0.68 73 8.92 0.01Management and recruitment 2.75 0.77 91 3.01 0.08Reengineering of the modules 2.50 0.88 91 5.34 0.01Graduation 2.67 0.84 82 4.08 0.01
The oral presentation of the findings slides
As you can see in table one, there is a significant improvement in XXXX, this improvement may be due to several factors such as a, b, c, and d (presented in another slide)
As it is completely clear from this diagram, the incidence of the disease increases in winter and usually there is a sharp decrease in summer. This is possibly explained by the fact that …….
This picture shows the distribution of the patches around the chick, as you can observe the patches are more colorful and ….
This has also been observed in other studies
Filling the gaps when changing the slides, etc
Let's look at the current distribution of the market, as you can see...
I'm going to show you now the most recent figures available...
My next slide concerns the method by which...
Pointing to important points in the slides
The first line of figures is the most revealing...
Please Notice/observe how the increase has had an effect on the...
What is important here is the way that...
Emphasizing/highlighting
Indicating something is important: The important thing to remember is... The essential element is...
Stress verbs with your voice. We experimented with the concept over a period of
three years.
Add auxiliary verbs for emphasis. We did see a noticeable difference.
Change the word order What I'd like to show today is the difference
between the two products. Good it may be, easy it isn't.
Repetition As I've said before... Let me repeat
Reviewing the question and providing answer (conclusion)
I'd like to summarize/sum up the results of the research. At first
At this stage I would like to run through/over the main points.
So, as we have seen today.marriage contracts provide certain obligations
As I have tried to explain this morning pathoplastic influences of adolescence may color the symptomatology of certain psychiatric diseases developed in teenagers. Thus certain psychiatric disorders such as psychosis may appear asymptomatic during adolescence.
conclusion
It usually has one to four slides
In conclusion the answer to the question of the study is that ……
The implications of what has been discussed are first …. second …
Conclusion/recommendation
According to the results of the study:– Recall in mother tongue is the best method of
assessing reading comprehension– Recall assessment is best conducted by using
Bernhart’ analysisWe recommend that:– Reading be assessed through recall in mother
tongue– The texts used in the classes be related to the
students’ field of study
Conclusion
According to the results of the study:– Recall in mother tongue is the best method of
assessing reading comprehension– Recall assessment is best conducted by using
Bernhart’ analysis
Recommending
As a result we suggest that… In the light of what we have seen today I
suggest that... My first proposal is... According to the results I mentioned earlier We
recommend that
Concluding
In conclusion I would like to say that... My final comments concern... I would like to finish by reminding everyone
that...
Announcing about the handouts/text/etc
I've prepared a slim folder of the proposals... In the sheets that are now being distributed
you will find a breakdown of the... You will be provided with a handout of the
presentation.
Thanking the audience
I would like to thank all of you for your attentionThank you for listening to my presentationMy sincere thanks and appreciation to all the
participants in this presentation. My sincere thanks and appreciation to all the
audience.
Dealing with ideas
Quantity Sequencing the ideas Linking ideas Signaling where you are Referencing to the other parts of the presentation Listing information Presenting the options Linking ideas Rhetorical questions Strategies which free attention resources
Quantity
How much information should you give? Enough to clearly develop your ideas.
Don’t forget to illustrate through examples.
Sequencing your ideas.
Here are a few possibilities for organizing your ideas: logical; chronological order; from general to specific; from known to unknown; from accepted to controversial; cause/effect; problem/solution.
Whatever sequencing you choose, the headings should be all of the same grammatical form.
Linking ideas
That's all I would like to say about... (subject of part A) and now let us turn to ....
Now that we've seen... let us turn to…
Signposting or signaling where you are.
Now that we have looked at the differences between A and B, lets consider the differences between C and D.
After having a clear idea about what the first teaching method is, lets turn to the second method which is ….
Referencing to the other parts of the presentation
As I said earlier … This is what we will discuss later in the
conclusion.
Listing information (oral presentation)
There are three things we have to consider: one, two, and three.
A, B, C. Now let us look at the first aspect which is... First of all,… In the first place…
Presenting the options (oral):
There seem to be two possible ways of testing students’ ability, Multiple choice questions and Cloze test. Let’s discuss about the first method.
There seem to be two possible ways of dealing with this...
We've looked at this from the point of view of the manufacturer but what about if
A number of options present themselves at this point....
What exactly are the benefits? On the plus side we can add... This is not the only weakness of the plan... We cannot ignore the problems that such an
action would create... We do not need to concern ourselves with… Of lesser interest are…
Linking ideas, sections/making transitions
That's all I would like to say about... (subject of part A) and now let us turn to ....
Now that we've seen... let us turn to…
Rhetorical questions
What is a rhetorical question? A question that you ask without expecting it to be answered. Why use such a question? In using such a question the speaker appears to be having a dialogue with the listeners. It also should catch their attention.
Have you ever seen/heard/experienced...? How can we explain this? What does that mean? What can be done about that? What does this imply for you, as a consumer?
Strategies which free attention resources
Reducing the number of words spoken in a minute to 50-100 words
Using rhetorical questions Pausing in the middle of presentation Repeating certain predetermined memorized
sentences– Related to the study– Stereotyped sentences
How to be more precise, clear and concrete
To give an example To rephrase To summeraize To emphasize To refer to what you have said To refer to you will say To refer to what experts say To refer to common knowledge
1. To give an example:
Now let's take an example. An example of this can be found... To illustrate this… Let's see this through an example. For example, For instance, e.g.
2. To rephrase:
Let me rephrase that, In other words Another way of saying the samething is That is to say i.e.
3. To summarize:
To summarize To sum up, Let me summarize by saying So that concludes my overview In conclusion Briefly said In short, What I've tried to show in this part... To recap what we've seen so far...
4. To emphasize
What is very significant is... What is important to remember... I'd like to emphasize the fact that... I’d like to stress the importance of... to highlight... to underline... What I tried to bring out... What we need to focus on...
5. To refer to what you have saidpreviously:
As I have already said earlier... As we saw in part one... To repeat what I've said already…
6. To refer to what you will say:
We will see this a little later on. This will be the subject of part 3. We will go into more detail on that later. For now, suffice to say...
7. To refer to what an expert says:
I quote the words of ... In the words of… According to... Here I'd like to quote… As Dr. X says in his book... There is a famous quotation that goes...
8. To refer to common knowledge:
As you all may well know... It is generally accepted that... As you are probably aware (of)... It is well substantiated that It has been well stablished that It has been addressed that It has been proved that
Thank you for your attention
I am ready to answer your questions
Dealing with questions
I'd be happy to answer any questions.... If there are any questions please feel free to
ask. Thank you very much for your attention and if
there are any suggestions or comments I would be happy to hear ..
Dealing with questions when not understood
Could you repeat the question? Could you rephrase your question? Could you put your question into other words? I assume by asking this question you mean
…. I reckon you mean …. I hope I have not got you wrong, by this
question you mean that ….
Dealing with difficult questions: buying time to think (delay strategy)
Just a minute please. What is a...? How can I put it? I'm glad you asked that question. That's a good question/point/remark. Can I answer that question later? Could you repeat your question? Could you put your question into another
word?
Could you rephrase your question? Would you put your question in writing? Could you write it down and hand it over to me? If you don’t mind please use capital letters. What do you think about this question? Is there anyone to have an answer to this question? I will provide you with a copy of the article in which you
can find the answer to your question. You can find the answer to your question in the
handouts. Could I answer your question after this presentation?
Dealing with difficult questions: admitting or providing alternative
Admit that you are not responsible. I saw that in the work of…Agree but give an alternative point of view I agree with you but there is another way of
looking at it.
Positive body language
eye contact to keep audiences' attention facial expressions should be natural and
friendly. Don't forget to smile. · raise eyebrows to show surprise · open eyes wide · squint your eyes
· knit your eyebrows to show consternation or puzzlement
Ø posture – stand straight but relaxed (do not slouch or lean)
Ø movement - to indicate a change of focus, keep the audience's attention
· move forward to emphasize · move to one side to indicate a transition
gesture · up and down head motion or other movements to
indicate importance · pen or pointer to indicate a part, a place (on a
transparency /overhead slide). · shrug of the shoulders to indicate "I don't know!" · hands - back and forth = two possibilities, more or less · arm - movement back, forth
Negative body language
Ø loss of eye contact: looking at notes, looking at screen, at the board, at the floor
don't stare, or look blankly into people's eyes swaying back and forth like a pendulum back turned to the audience nervous ticks hands in pockets
Differences between the oral presentation and the manuscript of your article
The headings Some extra information Omitting main part of the introduction and
discussion Selection of main findings