Optimizing Infra-Red Sensor Performance for Multiple Unmanned Aircraft
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US Army Corps of EngineersBUILDING STRONG®
Optimizing Infra-Red Sensor Performance for Multiple Unmanned Aircraft
WIDA ConferenceReno, NV13 - 15 March 2012
Susan Frankenstein, ERDC-CRRELDaniel Stouch, Charles River Analytics Inc.Kirk McGraw, ERDC-CERL
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BUILDING STRONG®Impetus FASST IRSP AMN SPARTEN
1. Impetus• Why I do Land Surface Modeling
2. Land Surface Model• FASST: Fast All-season Soil STrength
3. InfraRed Sensor Performance• IRSP
4. Airspace Model• Air Maneuver Nets
5. Unmanned Aircraft System Routing• SPARTEN: Spatially Produced Airspace Routes
from Tactically Evolved Networks
Outline
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BUILDING STRONG®
Our goal is to truly integrate the dynamic effects of terrain and weather into Mission Command decisions.
1600 L
2200 L
1500 L
1800 L
Impetus
3/18Impetus FASST IRSP AMN SPARTEN
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BUILDING STRONG®
1. Impetus• Why I do Land Surface Modeling
2. Land Surface Model• FASST: Fast All-season Soil STrength
3. InfraRed Sensor Performance• IRSP
4. Airspace Model• Air Maneuver Nets
5. Unmanned Aircraft System Routing• SPARTEN: Spatially Produced Airspace Routes
from Tactically Evolved Networks
Outline
4/18Impetus FASST IRSP AMN SPARTEN
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BUILDING STRONG®Impetus FASST IRSP AMN SPARTEN
Snow/IceMelt
Layer 1
Layer 2
Layer N
Infiltration
Suction
Run-offEvap/Cond
Run-off
Root uptake
Ponding
GravityFlow
Convection
Solar
Precipitation
Infrared, IR
Emitted IR
Conduction
LatentHeat
SensibleHeat
Change ofState
Deep Earth
High (canopy) vegetation
model
Low vegetation
model
FASST Water & Energy Balance
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BUILDING STRONG®Impetus FASST IRSP AMN SPARTEN
• Inputs– Meteorological Data (Dynamic)
• Forecasted Weather, Observations – Soil Data (Static)
• Number of Layers, Layer Thickness & Type, Material Properties• Initial Moisture & Temperature Profile; Snow Depth/Density
– Vegetation Data (Static)• Type – High and Low; Density, Height
– Site Specifics (Static)• Latitude, Longitude, Elevation, Slope, Aspect, Ground water level• Time offset from GMT
• Outputs– Soil Temperature; Moisture, Ice and Vapor Content– Freeze/Thaw Depths; Surface State (Frozen/Thawed)– Snow Depth; Snow Density; Surface Ice Thickness– Vegetation Temperatures– Surface Energy Fluxes– Soil Strength (0-6”, 6-12” RCI, CBR); Slippery Factor (W/D/S/I)
FASST Inputs/Outputs
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Impetus FASST IRSP AMN SPARTEN 7/18
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BUILDING STRONG®
1. Impetus• Why I do Land Surface Modeling
2. Land Surface Model• FASST: Fast All-season Soil STrength
3. InfraRed Sensor Performance• IRSP
4. Airspace Model• Air Maneuver Nets
5. Unmanned Aircraft System Routing• SPARTEN: Spatially Produced Airspace Routes
from Tactically Evolved Networks
Outline
8/18Impetus FASST IRSP AMN SPARTEN
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BUILDING STRONG®
Infrared Sensor Performance (IRSP) Region Specific Probability of detection
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Statistically accurate Does not require detailed knowledge of
the target location and/or orientation Produces an output product for an
entire region Applicable to terrain with a large variety
of elevation and surface types
max
min
( ) ( , ) ( )B T
T
T E T B occ BT
IRSP T Pd PT T T
Temp
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
28 29 30 31 32
Pro
babi
lity
0
0.02
0.04
0.06
0.08
0.1
0.12
0.14
0.16
0.18
Probability of Detection
Probability of Occurrence
Impetus FASST IRSP AMN SPARTEN
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BUILDING STRONG®
1. Impetus• Why I do Land Surface Modeling
2. Land Surface Model• FASST: Fast All-season Soil STrength
3. InfraRed Sensor Performance• IRSP
4. Airspace Model• Air Maneuver Nets
5. Unmanned Aircraft System Routing• SPARTEN: Spatially Produced Airspace Routes
from Tactically Evolved Networks
Outline
10/18Impetus FASST IRSP AMN SPARTEN
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BUILDING STRONG®Impetus FASST IRSP AMN SPARTEN
Infrared Sensor Performance tied to Airspace Model
The Air Maneuver Network (AMN) contains spatial, temporal and scenario cases sufficient to find IR sensor performance impacts along an entire UAS flight path.
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Step 3Repeat for each time step
Pd values calculated for each terrain element in
view-shed
1.0
0.0
IR P
roba
bilit
y of
D
etec
tion
Time
1500L
1800L
2100L
50 km
35 k
m
Step 1Create scenario dependent sensor performance maps
Step 2Find Probability of Detection for each edge (bi-directional)
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BUILDING STRONG®Impetus FASST IRSP AMN SPARTEN
Air Maneuver Network - IRSP Time Series
12112007 200012112007 210012112007 220012112007 230012122007 000012122007 010012122007 020012122007 030012122007 040012122007 050012122007 060012122007 070012122007 080012122007 090012122007 100012122007 1100
PYTHON
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BUILDING STRONG®
1. Impetus• Why I do Land Surface Modeling
2. Land Surface Model• FASST: Fast All-season Soil STrength
3. InfraRed Sensor Performance• IRSP
4. Airspace Model• Air Maneuver Nets
5. Unmanned Aircraft System Routing• SPARTEN: Spatially Produced Airspace Routes
from Tactically Evolved Networks
Outline
13/18Impetus FASST IRSP AMN SPARTEN
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BUILDING STRONG®Impetus FASST IRSP AMN SPARTEN
SPARTEN’s Goal
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Produce flyable UAS routesthat satisfy specific constraints
to optimize ISR performanceof multiple aircraft
Raven Shadow Gray Eagle
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BUILDING STRONG®Impetus FASST IRSP AMN SPARTEN
Technical Architecture
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BUILDING STRONG®Impetus FASST IRSP AMN SPARTEN
Cost Factor Maps
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Restricted Operating Zones
WeatherEffects (T-IWEDA)
NAIEmphasis
Transmitter Range
AMNMilitaryValue
PathLinearity
Convoy Support
SensorPerformance
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BUILDING STRONG®Impetus FASST IRSP AMN SPARTEN
Air Maneuver Network
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► Background
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BUILDING STRONG®Impetus FASST IRSP AMN SPARTEN
Candidate Solution
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BUILDING STRONG®
Questions?