Optimization of Solid Wastes Secondary Collection and Transportation by Using GIS a Case Study of...

8/10/2019 Optimization of Solid Wastes Secondary Collection and Transportation by Using GIS a Case Study of Dar Es Salaam City-TANZANIA;By MANYAMA KAARE

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ARDHI UNIVERSITY

SHOOL OF INVIRONMENTAL

SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

Bachelor of Science in Municipal & IndustrialServices Engineering

(Final year Dissertation 2014)


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NAME; MANYAMA KAARE

REG # , 2795/T.2010

DISSERTATION TITTLE:

OPTIMIZATION OF SOLID WASTE SECONDARY COLLECTION ANDTRANSPORTATION : Case study area Dar es Salaam city

Supervisors:Dr. MbuligweMr. Ligate


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INTRODUCTION

Solid waste is not uniform in terms of its constituents, but all

waste bears the shared characteristic of being perceived as

valueless and therefore unwanted. If waste generated from

various sources is not managed, it may accumulate and result

into environmental pollution.

Solid management is the storage, handling, separation and

processing, collection, transfer and transport and final disposal

of solid waste,(Tchobanoglous,1993).Following global

population growth, economic and industrial development,

there has been significant increase in waste generation.


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Statement of the problem

It is found that solid waste management is becoming prevalence

problem in Dar es Salaam though there a lots of efforts made by

CBOs, NGOs and government authority including performing

research, discussion and establish paper to solve problem, these

includes dividing the City for making easy collection, transport

and disposal of solid waste, but still today the City is Dirty. The

problems to be addressed at this study area are low transportation

frequency which result into the accumulation of solid waste in

collection points and hence resulting into environmental pollution.


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Justification/Motivation

The solid waste management and transportation system is the

most important process within our environment. But it is still a

problem in our country especially Dar es salaam city ;

therefore there is a need of finding the simplest and easiest

solution for the problem in order to find the more effectively

time for transporting solid waste from the collection point

(transfer stations) to the city dump site which is located at

Pugu Kinyamwezi by considering all necessary conditions (ie.

Peak and non peak hours, week days and weekend days)


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OBJECTIVES

Main objective

To investigate how Geographical information systems (GIS tools)

optimize the secondary collection and transportation of solid wastes

Specific objectives

To study to different physical existing characteristics of the road

network

To study the dynamic features of the road users during datacollection using Global Positioning System (GPS) on the selected

routes.


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Specific objective cont . To assess the existing secondary collection of solid wastes

From the GIS map and other analyzed results of the analysis,

the causes of solid waste vehicle velocity variation

To establish GIS database for designated solid waste transfer

stations and transportation in the study area.


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Method and material

My research will be conducted through different methods

on collecting and gathering information. These are

listed below;-

Literature review

This conducted through reading different materials including

books ,papers, journals, internet and documents of relevantstudy.


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Method and material cont

Site visit and physical Observation

The site visit and observation is focused on the existing practiceson management of solid waste from the generation, collection

route, transfer and transport to disposal site . During site

visiting, various pictures will be taken to show the existingsituation and some necessary data that can be obtained.


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Method and material cont Questionnaire

Questionnaires are conducted on focusing the assessments of

different stakeholders awareness on solid waste management

based on secondary collection and transportation in order to get

their views on the current situation, and challenges.

Interview and consultation.

Interviews are conducted at various levels such as technical

personnel at the study area, local government offices and ward

residents


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Method and material cont..

Photograph

Photographs ware taken in the study area to show the existing

situation of the area indicating the management, collection and

transportation of solid waste.

Equipments

The Materials which are used to collect data at the case study area

includes GPS which is used for capturing the location of existing

solid waste transfer station , speed of trucks during transportation of

solid wastes to the city dump site.


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Method and material cont..

GIS Software

GIS software was used for mapping, analysis and finally toexplore the routing efficiency which were suitable for solid

waste collection and transportation for the selected routes ,also

to establish GIS database for solid waste management systemGPS Utility

Converting GPS data to one of several different text formats (i.e.

compatible with spreadsheets, ESRI shape files, and otherGIS compatible formats, etc.) ,converting GPS data (i.e.

Waypoints, routes, etc.) Between different map data and many

coordinate formats (Lat/Long, UTM, country grids, etc.)


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Description of the study area & Existing situation Location

Dar es Salaam is Tanzanias

largest and most important

industrial and commercial

centre with an estimated

population of more than 4

million in 2012,


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Municipal Characteristics

Table 1: Basic Data by Municipality

Source : Dar es salaam city council

Municipality Land Area

(sq.km)

% of the CityArea

(sq.km.)

Population in2012

Male Female Average

HouseholdSize 2012

Ilala 286 20 1,220,611 595,928 624,683 4.0

Kinondoni 531 36 1,775,049 860,802 914,247 4.0

Temeke 639 44 1,368,881 669,056 699,825 3.9

Dar Region 1,456 100 4,364,541 2,125,786 2,238,755 4.0


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RESULT AND DISSCUSSIONPhysical existing characteristics of road network

Current Condition of the Existing Road Network in Ilala

Source( Ilala municipal council)

Type of road Road Condition

Good (km) Fair (km) Poor (km) Total % of total

Paved 5.5 50 77.4 132.9 31

Gravel 0 22 58 80 18.6

Earth 0 15 201 216 50.4

Total 5.5 87 336.4 428.9 100


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RESULT AND DISSCUSSION cont. Physical existing characteristics of road network

Current Condition of the Existing Road Network in Kinondoni

Source( kinondoni municipal council)

Type of road Road Condition

Good (km) Fair (km) Poor (km) Total % of total

Paved 69 10 36 115 17

Gravel 37 21 258 316 45

Earth - - 263 263 38

Total 106 31 557 694 100


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Physical existing characteristics of road network

(Different season condition of roads)

During dry seasonDuring rain season


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RESULT AND DISSCUSSION Cont

Secondary collection and transportation of solidwaste

Municipal authorities, NGOs and CBOs are the one taking

responsible for solid waste collection and transportation although

others NGOs and CBOs do not take any responsibility in case oftransportation

Secondary collection points


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RESULT AND DISSCUSSION Cont Geographical information system (GIS)approach:

GIS Software data base for solid waste transportation system


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DATA COLLECTED ON THE SELECTED ROUTES

RouteTime of the

data

collected

Start of

the trip

End of

the trip

Type of

road user

considered

Route 1

Peak Hours

(1856 hours)

Temeke

mwisho

Gongo la

mboto

Truck

(TATA open

truck)

Non-Peak

Hours

(1122 hours)

Temeke

mwisho

Gongo la

mboto

Truck

(TATA open

truck)

Route 2

Peak Hours

(0835)

Clock

tower(Posta)

Pugu

kinyamwezi

Truck

(Closedtipper truck )

Non-Peak

Hours

(1347 hours)

Clock

tower(Pos

ta)

Pugu

kinyamwe

zi

Truck(Closedtipper truck )

Trucks used during data collection and solidwaste transportation


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A l i d li ti f t k iti d d d t


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Analysis and applications of truck position and speed data

Time of the datacollected

Route speed (Km/hr)

Route 1 Maxspeed(km/hr)

Minspeed

(km/hr)

Averagespeed(km/hr)

Travelspeed(km/hr)

Delaytime(sec)

PeakHours

Evening

(1835Hrs)48.96 0 17.56 23.609 1153

Non-PeakHours

Morning

(1122Hrs)66.24 0 24.43 25.757 263

Route 2 Peak

HoursEvening

(1558Hrs)51.8 0 25.37 20.147 3183

Non-PeakHours

Afternoon

(1323Hrs)61.2 0 21.14 17.658 2575

Source ( field data)


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Truck Speed on the selected roads


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Truck Speed on the selected roads


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The dynamic feature of the GPS data collected when exported into the Google Earth

Dynamic vehicles featureswhen running

Traffic Delay of the road users on selected route during Transportation of


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Traffic Delay of the road users on selected route during Transportation ofsolid wastes

Route 1 Time of the datacollected

Timeused(sec)

Requiredtime(sec))

Delay time(sec)

PeakHours

Evening

(1835Hrs)2185 1032 1153

Non-Peak

Hours

Morning

(1122Hrs)2001 1032 969

Route 2 PeakHours

Evening

(1558Hrs)

4921 1738 3183

Non-Peak

Hours

Afternoon

(1323Hrs)4313 1738 2575

Source ( field data)


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Causes of traffic congestion in the study area

Many private vehicles on theseroutes:

Shift of transport mode, from

public to private transport lead

to the increased number of

private cars on roads, in thestudy area, while the

improvement of road network

capacity to cope with this

increase is definitely stagnant

to the traffic demand Showing private cars caught in the traffic jam during morning hours


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Causes of traffic congestion in the study area cont..

Poor existing roads surfaceconditions to some roads

Poor operating and maintenance of the

roads near by the dump site (Pugu

kinyamwezi) Although the route

selected is paved but for the roadwhich approaching to the dump site

in unpaved which and is poor

operation and maintained which

cusses the delay of trucks especially

during rain seasons.Solid waste trucks in the traffic jam nearto the dump site

Causes of traffic congestion in the study area cont


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Lack of alternative routes in the

study area:

According to the physical

observation conducted on some

area within the case study area it

shows that there is limited numberof routes used in transportation of

solid wastes from nearly

secondary collection points to the

city dump site which leads a lot of

difficult especially during peak

time

Poor city planning:

Causes of traffic congestion in the study area cont..


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Best time

Non-Peak Hours0930-1530

Night time2200 -0530

Best time required for transportation of solid wastes

CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS


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CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS

From the data collected using handheld GPS its found that there is the

variation of vehicle speed and

position. And this speed variation is

due to the following reasons

When the vehicle approaching the

bus bay

Approaching to the junction

Approaching the traffic queue

Road surface (dirty surface of the

road due to distresses especially the

road approaching to the dump site).

Also both municipality should

transport solid wastes during non peak

hours (0930-1530) and during night

time (2200-0530) in order to minimize

to loss of fuel and time , as well as to

minimize the accumulation of wastes

to the secondary collection points.

Conclusions

CONCLUSION cont


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Also from finding ,it found that

there is no alternative routes for

transporting solid wastes

especially during peak hours

when the traffic jam is high, sothat the truck will be able to

cover more than four trips per

day compared to the existing

when the truck cover the

maximum of two trips only.

Both municipality should use

the GIS data base for operation

and management of solid

wastes which describe all

roads within the municipality

especially in case of

transportation and secondary

collection from generation points.

CONCLUSION cont..

RECOMMENDATIONS cont


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The government authority should increase the number collection trucks and

solid waste collection contractors so as to increase the amount of waste

collected per day compared with the amount of solid wastes generated.

Poor solid waste secondary collection and transportation should be not be

looked at a narrow perspective, it requires a lot of strategic plan which

incorporate community and technical personnel so as to reduce risks and

negative effects on public health and the environment.

GIS has to be introduced in solid waste secondary collection and

transportation by contractors, municipal and city councils in order to ease

information management and able to manage huge spatial and non spatial

data.

RECOMMENDATIONS cont


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-THANK YOU-Contact:

[email protected] +255782616292
mailto:[email protected]:[email protected]

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