Optical Fibre Network Design and Optical Noise
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Transcript of Optical Fibre Network Design and Optical Noise
OPTICAL FIBER NETWORK DESIGNAND
OPTICAL NOISE
Contents
• Introduction• Copper, fiber or wireless• Choosing transmission equipment• Planning the route• Choosing components• Link power budget• Documentation• Planning for install• Developing for test plan• Planning for restoration• What is noise in optical fiber• Disadvantages of noise• Method to reduce noise
Introduction
• Specialized processes leading to a successful installation and operation
• It includes determining the type of communication system(s) which will be carried over the network, the geographic layout, the transmission equipment required.
• We can consider actual component selection, placement, installation practices, testing, troubleshooting and network equipment installation and startup.
Copper, fiber or wireless
• Designing long distance or outside plant applications
• Cabling containing single mode (SM) fiber over all other media.
• Two buildings on opposite sides of a highway, a wireless network may be easier to use since they have lower cost of installation
• Telco systems that still use copper
• CATV companies use a high performance coax into the home, but it connects to a fiber optic backbone.
Choosing transmission equipment
• The distance and bandwidth
• Shorter telecom links will use 1310 nm lasers on regular single mode fiber
• Longer links will use operation with 1550 nm lasers
Planning The Route
• Physical locations• Architectural drawings(premises)• Local building codes• Google Maps(OSP)• Approval by local, state and federal authorities
Link power budget
• Link Loss Budget(expected loss of the cable plant )• Loss budget analysis (routing, circuit length, fiber
type, connectors and splices, wavelengths)• Attenuation• Multimode fiber bandwidth
Documentation
• Every thing should be documented• Estimating, purchase, installation and future reference.• Save time• Easier rerouting• Paths, Cable, Splice , termination points, connections
Planning for install
• Critical phase• Checklist• Inspection• Schedule
Developing for test plan
• Testing three times• Cost of installation is high• Standard test procedure OFSTP-14• Splices testing• Cable testing
Planning for restoration
• Geographic diversity
• Good documentation should developed
• OTDR (optical time-domain reflectometer )
• Fusion splicer
Noise in optical fiber
• Backbone of the communications infrastructure.
• Voice and data (internet) traffic is routed through terrestrial and submarine link.
• Wavelength-division multiplexing (WDM) technology
• Noise inherent part of all systems
• Nonlinearity of the optical fiber
• Micro and Macro bending.
Types of noise
• Laser noise
• Quantum noise
• Shot noise
• Thermal noise
• Dark current noise
• White noise
Disadvantages
• Error in data detection
• Delay in transmission
• Decrease in efficiency
• Increase in circuit complexity
• Sensitivity
Methods to reduce noise
• By increasing the intracavity power level
• By minimizing optical losses.
• By building a stable laser resonator
• By temperature stabilization
• By using a low-noise pump source
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