Op#mizaon* - math.ubc.cakeshet/M102/2015/Lect5.2.pdf · Op#mizaon* Finding*max*or*mins*and*op#mal*...

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Op#miza#on Finding max or mins and op#mal solu#ons to prac#cal problems UBC Math 102

Transcript of Op#mizaon* - math.ubc.cakeshet/M102/2015/Lect5.2.pdf · Op#mizaon* Finding*max*or*mins*and*op#mal*...

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Op#miza#on  

Finding  max  or  mins  and  op#mal  solu#ons  to  prac#cal  problems  

UBC    Math  102  

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Course  Calendar:  Quiz  this  Friday  

•     

You  are  here  

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Quiz  on  Friday:  

Part  1  –  individual  –  no  notes,  calculators,  no  laptops,  no  books,  no  devises.      Part  2  –  Group  –  Please  do  use  any  notes,  calculators,  laptop,  spreadsheet,  and  other  devices.  ENSURE  ONE  GROUP  MEMBER  HAS  SUCH  DEVICE(S).  

UBC    Math  102  

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Announcements  Assignment  4  was  supposed  to  have  problems  on  Linear  Approxima#on  and  Newton’s  Method  (but  it  did  not)    You  could  study  by  doing  the  following  problems  to  prepare  for  the  quiz:  Extra  Prac#ce  problems  8,  9,  10,  11,  12,  or  some  of  the  problems  in  Chapter  5  of  the  Course  Notes.  

UBC    Math  102  

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Help  with  homework  

Find  the  dimensions  of  the  rectangle  with  largest  area  that  can  be  inscribed  in  a  right  triangle  with  legs  of  length  15  cm  and  20  cm  if  two  sides  of  the  rectangle  lie  along  the  legs  (the  sides  adjacent  to  the  right  angle).  

UBC    Math  102  

(x,y)  

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Help  with  Homework  

Where  is  the  func#on    Increasing?    Decreasing?    See  solu#on  next  page.  (We  did  not  spend  #me  on  this  in  class.  

UBC    Math  102  Solu#on  

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Solu#on  

•     

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From  Last  #me:  Consider  the  func#on    y  =  f(x)  =    Use  pen  &  paper  to  sketch  the  graph  of  this  func#on,  indica#ng  the  zeros,  cri#cal  points,  inflec#on  points  of  the  func#on.    Determine  the  absolute  minimum  and  absolute  maximum  of  the  func#on  on  the  interval  [0,3]    

UBC    Math  102  

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Actual  graph  

•  Infl  Pts  

UBC    Math  102  

Local  max  

Local  mins  

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Absolute  min/max  on  [0,3]    

 

UBC    Math  102  

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Evaluate  the  original  func#on  at  endpoints  and  cri#cal  points  in  [0,3]  

•  y=f(x)=  

•  So  f(0)=5,          f(            )  =-­‐4,        f(3)=  32  •                       Smallest  Value;        Largest  Value  •                     (Absolute  Min);        (Absolute  Max)  

UBC    Math  102  

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Problem  

Find  the  cylinder  of  maximal  volume  that  would  fit  inside  a  sphere  of  radius  R.    

•  Sketch  a  diagram  and  label  some  quan##es  that  might  be  useful  

UBC    Math  102  

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(1)  Problem  

Find  the  cylinder  of  maximal  volume  that  would  fit  inside  a  sphere  of  radius  R.    •  My  diagram  looks  like:  

(A)        (B)          (C)  

UBC    Math  102  

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Label  some  quan##es  

•  Add  these  to  your  diagram:  

•  (Draw  these  in  so  that  some  rela#onship  can  be  deduced  from  your  sketch!)  

UBC    Math  102  

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Geometry  

No#ce  that  the  top  and  bolom  edges  of  the  cylinder  touch  the  sphere!  

UBC    Math  102  

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Relate  the  variables  to  one  another  

•  What  is  the  rela#onship  between  these  quan##es?  

UBC    Math  102  

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(2)  The  rela#onship  is  

(A)    R  =  r  +  (h/2)  (B)    R  =  r  +  h  (C)    R  =  r2+  h2  

(D)  R2=  r2+  h2  (E)  R2=  r2+  (h/2)2    

UBC    Math  102  

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The  rela#onship  is  

(A)    R  =  r  +  (h/2)  (B)    R  =  r  +  h  (C)    R  =  r2+  h2  

(D)  R2=  r2+  h2  (E)  R2=  r2+  (h/2)2    

PYTHAGOREAN  TRIANGLE  !!    

UBC    Math  102  

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(3)  What  else  do  we  need?  

Recall  Problem:  Find  the  cylinder  of  maximal  volume  that  would  fit  inside  a  sphere  of  radius  R.  (A) The  volume  of  the  sphere  (B) The  surface  area  of  the  sphere  (C) The  volume  of  the  cylinder  (D) The  surface  area  of  the  cylinder  (E)  More  than  one  of  the  above.  

UBC    Math  102  

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(4)  The  volume  of  the  cylinder  is  

•  (A)  V=  (4/3)  π  r3  •  (B)  V=  (4/3)  π  R3    •  (C)  V=2π  R  h  •  (D)  V=  π  R2  (h/2)  •  (E)  V=  π  r2  h  

UBC    Math  102  

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The  volume  of  the  cylinder  is  The  volume  of  any  cylinder  is          V  =  base  area  X    height  =  A    h  

 The  base  area  is  (area  of  a  circle):  

             A  =  π  r2  

Hence  the  volume  of  the  cylinder  is  V=  π  r2  h    

UBC    Math  102  

h  A  

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(5)  The  goal  of  the  problem  is  to  

•  (A)  Find  smallest  sphere  that  can  contain  the  cylinder  

•  (B)  Maximize  the  volume  of  the  sphere  •  (C)  Maximize  the  volume  of  the  cylinder  while  keeping  its  radius  r  constant.  

•  (D)  Maximize  the  volume  of  the  cylinder  while  also  sa#sfying  a  constraint  

UBC    Math  102  

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(6)  The  constraint  

In  the  constraint  

•  (A)  All  three  quan##es  are  variables.  •  (B)  Only  R  and  r  can  be  varied,  while  h  stays  fixed  

•  (C)  Only  r  and  h  can  be  varied  while  R  is  taken  to  be  a  given  constant  

•  (D)  Only  r  is  a  variable    

UBC    Math  102  

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Domain  of  interest  Q:  Can  the  variables  take  on  any  values?    A:  NO,  they  have  to  stay  within  some  ranges.    What  is  the  biggest  that  r  could  be?    What  is  the  biggest  that  h  could  be?    fixed  

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The  Mathema#cal  Problem  

Maximize  the  volume  of  the  cylinder            while  also  sa#sfying  the  constraint.      Hint:  use  the  constraint  to  eliminate  r.  

UBC    Math  102  

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The  mathema#cal  problem  reduces  to  

Maximize  the  func#on        (or  wrilen  in  expanded  form)        

UBC    Math  102  

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Sketch  V  as  a  func#on  of  h  

   Or      NOTE:  R  and  π    are  constants!!          

UBC    Math  102  

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How  to  assemble  a  sketch:  

•  Sketch  the  func#on  

•  If  h=0  then  V=0  •  If  h=  2R    then  V=0  •  If  0  <h<2R  then  V>0  

UBC    Math  102  

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Sketch  looks  like:  

•     

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(7)The  deriva#ve  of                                                            is  

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(8)  Cri#cal  points  of  V(h)  are  

UBC    Math  102  

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Cri#cal  points:  

UBC    Math  102  

±  

We  can  reject  the  nega#ve  values  as  irrelevant  

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(9)  What  type  of  cri#cal  point?  

UBC    Math  102  

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Type  of  cri#cal  points:  

•  The  second  deriva#ve  is  

Since  V’’(h)  <0,  v(h)  is  concave  down  and  the  cri#cal  point  is  a  local  maximum.  

UBC    Math  102  

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From  desmos:  

UBC    Math  102  

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Actually,  only  0<h<2R:  

UBC    Math  102  

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(10)  The  corresponding  radius  of  the  cylinder  is  

UBC    Math  102  

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Radius:  

•  We  find  the  radius  from  the  constraint  

UBC    Math  102  

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(11)  The  volume  of  the  cylinder  is  

UBC    Math  102  

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Volume:  

•  The  volume  of  the  cylinder  is:  

UBC    Math  102  

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Answers  •  1  C  •  2  E  •  3  C  •  4  E  •  5  D  •  6  C  •  7  B  •  8  E  •  9  A  •  10  A  •  11  D  

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Related  test  problems  (2014  MT2)  

A  farmer  is  building  a  rectangular  enclosure  for  a  pevng  zoo.  She  wants  the  enclosure  to  have  an  area  of  100  m2  and  as  large  a  perimeter  as  possible.  For  the  comfort  of  the  animals,  both  the  width  and  the  length  of  the  enclosure  should  be  no  less  then  to  2  m.  What  is  the  maximum  possible  perimeter?      

UBC    Math  102  

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Test  problem  (2008)  

UBC    Math  102  Solu#on  

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Solu#on  

UBC    Math  102  

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Test  problem  

UBC    Math  102  Solu#on  

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Solu#on  

UBC    Math  102  

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Test  problem  

UBC    Math  102  Solu#on  

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UBC    Math  102  Solu#on  

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UBC    Math  102