Operation research
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Transcript of Operation research
OPERATION RESEARCH
***PRESENTED BY***Jacob John Panicker
PRESENTATION OUTLINE• Project time cost trade off• Project crashing• Time cost trade off procedure• Resource allocation• Resource leveling• Resource smoothing
PROJECT TIME COST TRADE OFF
Project time can be reduced by crashing Normal time reduced, budget increase Use additional resource to complete on time
PROJECT CRASHINGCrashing number of activities to reduce
duration of projectCost increases more quickly when time is
reducedRelationship between normal time and cost
and crash time and time is linear
TIME COST TRADE OFF PROCEDURE
1. Determine normal project completion time and associated critical path
2. Identify critical activities and compute cost slope
cost slope= crash cost - normal cost crash time - normal time
3. Identify and crash an activity time on critical path
4. If the critical path is still critical, return to step 3
5. Terminate the procedure after each critical activity crashed to its lower possible time
RESOURCE ALLOCATIONResources are:- men, money, material,
machinery etc..,Network analysis PERT/CPM is carried out
using unlimited resourcesResources may not be uniform throughout the
project
RESOURCE LEVELLINGStabilize rate of resource utilization without
changing project durationTotal float of non-critical activityShift non-critical activity between earliest start
time and latest allowable time can lower maximum resource requirement
i. Total float=free float can be scheduled between earliest start and latest times
ii. Total float>free float starting time can be delayed
RESOURCE SMOOTHINGReduce peak demand for resources and
reallocate them and shortest durationI. Calculate earliest start and latest finish times,
draw time scaled networkII. Draw resource histogramIII. Shift the start time of those non-critical
activities
CONCLUSION
I conclude by saying that to reduce the time duration the cost of the project will be increased. The crash point is the point beyond which the time cannot be reduced nor the cost can be increased.
THANK YOU