Operating Systems

Objective: I can explore, manage, and demonstrate a basic understanding of operating systems.Operating SystemsHow the operating system controls your computer

11. An Operating System is like gasoline for a car.

An operating system talks between the hardware and the applications. Its the middle man. Its the gasoline that makes the car go. Without gas, a car will not run. Computer applications are like the cars air conditioning, radio, drive, and reverse.Microsoft Windows is an operating system. An operating system talks between the hardware and the applications. It is the middle man. It is the gasoline that makes the car go. Without gas, a car will not run. The applications would be things like the air conditioning, the radio, drive, and reverse.22. What is an Operating System?An operating system is the most important software that runs on a computer. It manages the computer's memory, processes, and all of its software and hardware. An operating system is NOT a single program. An Operating system is a collection of programs that work together.The operating system KERNAL is the heart of the operating system that runs all low-level functions.Device drivers are small software programs that interface between the operating system and hardware peripherals. For example: USB drives, printers, and external hard drives.The operating system talks between the systems hardware and its applications.

The typical operating system is not a single program, but a collection of programs that work together. The heart of an operating system is called the kernel which performs all low-level functions an operating system may require.

Below the kernel small programs called device drivers act as interfaces to various hardware devices attached to the computer. When you to the file to print. Everything is halted till it prints. Low-level function halts the application while printing and takes the document and prints it. Then releases the program to move on.

The computer's BIOS contains a number of simple system device drivers, but other devices such as printers require that a device driver be installed on the system. BIOS is soldered unto the motherboard and cant be change. When the computer is turned on, the first thing that happens is the BIOS talks to the operating system and tells it that the input/output system is working. IF the hard-drive failed or the electricity, it will tell you.

Have a friend in Elk Ridge that programs for HP just writing machine code making new drivers so that your computer will see the new printer. He makes $300,000 per year for writing code in 0s and 1s.

Heart of System is Kernel

3

The BOOT PROCESS is a sequence of steps that a computer takes to go from an empty piece of computer hardware to a computer system ready to work for the user. 3. BOOT UP PROCESS

Operating systems boot up. This term is an old west term that refers to strapping on your boots and taking care of yourself. Once the computer boots up, it is ready to work.

***Demonstrate by standing at screen with two floppy disks.Now when the first IBM PC came out the computers only had two floppy disk drives. We didnt have any hard-drives. So, how could we use a computer with only two floppy disks?The first disk held the DOS operating system. The other disk held the application, like Word, Excel, or a game. We would insert the DOS floppy in the left drive which was called a. We would then turn the computer on and it would read the system software off the floppy and load it into RAM.

Once the system software was loaded in RAM, we didnt need the DOS floppy anymore. So we would remove it and insert the application in the a drive. The b drive was reserved for saving your files.

4Pull yourself up by your bootstraps

Meaning Improve your situation by your own efforts.

OriginThe origin of this descriptive phrase isn't known. It refers of course to boots and their straps (laces) and to the imagined feat of a lifting oneself off the ground by pulling on one's bootstraps. This impossible task is supposed to exemplify the achievement in getting out of a difficult situation by one's own efforts.

early computers used a process called bootstrapping which alludes to this phraseThis involved loading a small amount of code which was then used to progressively load more complex code until the machine was ready for use. This has led to use of the term 'booting' to mean starting up a computer.

4. History of The Boot Process

5. Why an Operating System?

Without an Operating System (OS), a computer is nothing more than a useless collection of electronics. The operating system makes the computer usable and stable.

List at least four (4) common computer operating systems used today. List at least two (2) mobile device operating systems.

The operating system manages all resources on the computer or mobile system.

6List at least four (4) common computer operating systems used today: UNIX, Linux, Apple's OS X, Google Chrome OS, and Microsoft's Windows 7 & 8.

List at least two (2) mobile device operating systems: Android, Apple iOS 7

5. The Operating System is contains 3 components:

1. KERNAL: A program that constitutes the central core of a computer operating system. It has complete control over everything that occurs in the system. 2. BIOS: Basic Input/Output System of your computer, commonly known as the BIOS (pronounced "bye-ose"). On virtually every computer available, the BIOS makes sure all the other chips, hard drives, ports and CPU function together. The primary function of the BIOS is to load and start an operating system. When the PC starts up, the first job for the BIOS is to initialize and identify system devices such as the video display card, keyboard and mouse, hard disk, CD/DVD drive and other hardware. 3. DEVICE DRIVERS: A device driver or software driver is a computer program allowing higher-level computer programs to interact with a hardware devices. (i.e., drivers for printers, digital cameras, USB flash memory, iPad, iTouch, etc.)

7How Operating Systems Work & BIOS Basics:http://computer.howstuffworks.com/operating-system.htm

An operating system can be used to manipulate a computers desktop, files, and drives.

Objective: I can use the following effectively and productively: Windows, folders, files, and shortcuts.8

1. Command vs. GUI InterfacesA command OS interface is simply text on the screen with only the use of a keyboard. UNIX, DOS, and original LINUX are command or text-based operating systems. These operating systems use console commands to manipulate the operating system.Windows, Mac OSX, and Gnome/KDE LINUX are GUI environments Graphical User Interface (using a keyboard, mouse and/or icons to manipulate the operating system)

9

2. Computer Desktop EnvironmentDesktop GUIs help the user in easily accessing, configuring and modifying many important and frequently accessed specific operating system (OS) features. A desktop environment typically consists of icons, windows, toolbars, folders, wallpapers and desktop gadgets.

103. Computer DrivesA: Floppy disk drives, 3.5" or 5.25", and possibly other types of disk drives, if present. (*no longer used)B: Reserved for a second floppy drive, if present. (*no longer used)C: First hard disk drive partition.D: to Z: Other disk partitions get labeled here. The letter D: or E: are often assigned to CD-ROM, DVD drives but not always. In fact, Windows assigns the next free drive letter to the next drive it encounters.

114. Computer FoldersA folder (or directory) is a container of documents.Create a new folder by choosing New, FolderLabel folders on a computer just like you would with a real file cabinet.

125. Computer FilesA computer file is a resource for storing information, which is available to a computer program and is usually based on some kind of durable storage. A file is durable in the sense that it remains available for programs to use after the current program has finished. Computer files can be considered as the modern counterpart of paper documents which traditionally are kept in offices and libraries.

13

6. ShortcutsCtrl + X is used to CUT Move a File or Folder to a new drive or folder locationCtrl + C is used to Copy Copy a File or Folder to a new drive or folder locationCtrl + V is used to Paste After Cntrl-X or Cntrl-C, then use Cntrl-V to paste the file in the new drive or folder locationCtrl + Z is used to Undo Use Cntrl-Z to undo or delete your last operation or action

14

6. ShortcutsCtrl + B is used to BOLD Select text, then press Ctrl + B to BoldPress Insert to change to Typeover Mode which allows text to be typed on top of the existing text (Typeover Text), Press Insert again to change back into Insert ModeCtrl + S is used to SAVE After a file has been saved with Save As, then use Ctrl-S often to quickly save changes.Ctrl + A is used to Select All Use this tool to select all text, picture, files, folders, etc.

15

Objective: I can discuss the differences and capabilities between UNIX, Linux, Mac, and Windows operating system environments.

161. UNIX Operating SystemThe UNIX operating system is widely used on both servers and workstations.

The UNIX environment and the clientserver program model were essential elements in the development of the Internet and the reshaping of computing as centered in networks rather than in individual computers.

Both UNIX and the C programming language were developed by AT&T and distributed to government and academic institutions as "open systems or a FREE operating system.

ON STATE TEST:Operating System


What are some operating systems that you know?

Jurassic Park when the girl goes in to lock the doors she says I know this. It is a UNIX system. I doubt that she really knows a UNIX system.

UVU's lab computers use Microsoft Windows XP and Apple's OS X.

172. LINUX Operating SystemLinux is a free UNIX-type operating system. Developed under the GNU General Public License , the source code for Linux is freely available to everyone. Linux can be installed on a wide variety of computer hardware, ranging from mobile phones, tablet computers and video game consoles, to mainframes and supercomputers. Linux is predominantly known for its use in servers. Most desktop computers run either Microsoft Windows or Mac OS X. However, desktop use of Linux has become increasingly popular in recent years.Popular GUI (Graphical User Interfaces) for PC Linux are Gnome & KDE.






183. Apple OS X Operating SystemOS X is the tenth major version of Apple's operating system for Macintosh computers. OS X is based upon the Mach kernel. One of the major differences between the previous versions of Mac OS and OS X was the addition of the Aqua GUI, a graphical user interface with water-like elements. Also, drop shadows were added around windows and isolated text elements to provide a sense of depth.

http://betanews.com/2011/09/26/are-apple-products-really-more-secure/






19

4. Microsoft Windows Operating SystemWindows is an operating system produced by Microsoft for use on personal computers, including home and business desktops, laptops, netbooks, tablet PCs, and media center PCs. As of April 2013, the most recent versions of Windows for personal computers, mobile devices, server computers and embedded devices are respectively Windows 8, Windows Phone 8, Windows Server 2012 and Windows Embedded 8. About what percentage of the Desktop OS market does Microsoft have?Which Operating System currently has the most market share?

About what percentage of the Desktop OS market does Microsoft have? Answer = 90%





20Objective: I can discuss the differences in mobile device operating system environments.

211. Mobile Device Operating Systems (ANDROID)Android is a Linux-based operating system designed primarily for touchscreen mobile devices such as smartphones and tablet computers.Initially developed by Android, Inc., which Google backed financially and later bought in 2005. Androids open source code and permissive licensing allows the software to be freely modified and distributed by device manufacturers, wireless carriers and enthusiast developers.Android is the world's most widely used smartphone platform.






222. Mobile Device Operating Systems (APPLE)Apple iOS (previously iPhone OS) is a mobile operating system developed and distributed by Apple Inc. Originally unveiled in 2007 for the iPhone, it has been extended to support other Apple devices such as the iPod Touch, iPad, and second-generation Apple TV.Unlike Microsoft's Windows Phone and Google's Android, Apple does not license iOS for installation on non-Apple hardware. As of June 2013, Apple's App Store contained more than 900,000 iOS applications, 375,000 of which were optimized for iPad. These apps have collectively been downloaded more than 50billion times.






233. Mobile Device Operating Systems (Android vs. Apple)Which is better? Android or Apple? Read the following article: http://techland.time.com/2013/04/16/ios-vs-android/In Quarter 1 of 2013, did Windows Phone or Apples iOS have more market share? In Quarter 1 of 2013, did Android or Apples iOS have more market share?






24Objective: I can understand the difference between Microsoft (PC platform) and Apple (Mac Platform).

25

1. Microsoft vs. Apple (Whats the difference?)Who is the founder of Microsoft?Who is the founder of Apple?

26

2. Mac vs. PCWhy does the war live on ?Why do people love Apple? Why do people love Microsoft?

Applevs.MicrosoftAn example of two different operating systems the two major yet many of the application work on either. SO why do we have these two platforms. Same reason that you have Ferrari and Lamborghini.

This slide is all but two seconds there.

Talk about the history of Apple and Microsoft or insert videos

27Which systems have an open hardware architecture and which systems have a closed architecture system?3. Open vs. Closed Architecture

Open or Closed?Open or Closed?Open or Closed?OPENOPENCLOSEDhttp://betanews.com/2011/09/26/are-apple-products-really-more-secure/

Linux is even more open as you basically have to write your own commands so it is over your head.

Apple controls everything. They repair everything and control all software sales.

PC has more development because everyone is part of the game.

Key Questions? What other products that are currently on the market that have open and closed architecture?Answers: Sanyo mp3 player vs iTouch; Android phone vs iPhone; Arsus vs iPad

28

4. Open Architecture SystemsWINDOWS and ANDROID are Open Architecture Operating SystemsRelatively easy to get into the OS to change, manipulate, program, and manage.ALL NON-Apple Computers have an Open Architecture hardware system (HP, Dell, Toshiba, Asus, Lenovo, Sony, build your own PC, etc.) Individuals can purchase replacement parts from any manufacturer Individuals can build their own computer Anyone can build computers and sell replacement parts






295. Closed Architecture SystemsApple iOS7 is a Closed Architecture Operating SystemRelatively HARD to get into the OS to change, manipulate, program, and manage.Apple Computers and Apple Products have a Closed Architecture hardware system (iPod, iPad, iPhone, MacBook, iMac, G5, iBook) Individuals must purchase replacement parts ONLY from Apple.Individuals CANNOT build their own Apple computer.ONLY Apple builds Apple computers and products.ONLY Apple or authorized Apple resellers can sell replacement parts for Apple products.ONLY Apple or Apple Authorized Service Providers can fix or repair Apple products.






306. Apple Computers vs. PC (Personal Computers)Apple Computers

Closed ArchitecturePersonal Computers

Open ArchitectureAdvantageDisadvantageAdvantageDisadvantageCan Manipulate the Operating SystemMany Viruses & WormsCan Buy Parts from any SupplierCan Fix Own ComputerCan Customize ComputerLots of Software AvailableLow PriceHas a Stable Operating SystemReferences:

Apples OS is not as open and we keep it that way because that it what our customers want.http://arstechnica.com/apple/2013/05/what-tim-cooks-cryptic-comments-at-d11-can-tell-us-about-ios-7/

Quote from Apple CEO Tim Cook:

"On the general topic of opening up APIs," said Cook, "I think you'll see us open up more in the future, but not to the degree that we put the customer at risk of having a bad experience. There's always a fine line to walk thereor maybe not so fine in some cases.""We think that the customer pays us to make certain choices on their behalf," he continued. While some may want to dive into multiple settings screens to tweak their phones to be just the way they want them, Cook doesn't see this as a welcome feature for mainstream customers. "But, will we open up more? Yes."Cook didn't say specifically what this "opening up" would entail, exactly, but it does seem like hopeful news for the people who only jailbreak because they would like to set Google Maps or Mailbox to be their defaults.If I had to guess, I'd say the changes will fall somewhere between the inflexibility of iOS as it is now and the extreme, fundamentally experience-altering flexibility of Android.

Do Macs get viruses?http://www.computerhope.com/issues/ch000737.htm

Apple fixes its own computershttp://www.apple.com/why-mac/better-support/

Security researchers have been saying the same thing about Windows 7 and Windows 8 -- both are more secure than Mac OS X. Security expert Alex Stamos of iSec Partners, for example, said at the Black Hat Conference in August 2011 that Mac OS X was "significantly more vulnerable" than Windows 7 to network-based attacks.And right after the release of Windows 8, Gunter Ollmann, vice president of research at security company Damballa told SearchSecurity that "Windows 8 is the most secure operating system on the market today."All this is why the latest Mac security hole should surprise no one except the Mac lovers who refuse to admit the truth -- Mac OS X, like every other operating system, is vulnerable to attack. And there are plenty of security researchers who think it's less secure than Windows.

Where can I buy apple parts?http://apple.stackexchange.com/questions/47005/where-can-i-purchase-repair-parts-for-apple-products

The sad fact is specialized and highly reliable parts outside of Apple's supply chain are too expensive to be widely available. It's hard for consumers to know if a good price is a lucky break or the seller has more information of the part's heritage and passing on hidden risk to the buyer.

.31

#7 Windows 98 Crashes On Live T.V. During Presentation

How does Bill Gates react when his new operating system crashes during a live TV presentation?http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Md6R-2p9hts

32

Operating Systems

Documents

Transcript of Operating Systems