OPERANT CONDITIONING (Part 2) COGNITIVE LEARNING ...faculty.gordonstate.edu/bkicklighter/Intro...

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Links to Learning ObjectivesLinks to Learning Objectives

DEFINITION OF LEARNINGLO 5.1 Learning

CLASSICAL CONDITIONINGLO 5.2 Study of and important elementsLO 5.3 Conditioned emotional response

OPERANT CONDITIONING (Part 1)

OPERANT CONDITIONING (Part 2)LO 5.8 Controlling behavior and resistanceLO 5.9 Behavior modification

COGNITIVE LEARNINGLO 5.10 Latent learning, helplessness and

insight

ElementsControl

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ObserveInsightHelplessCognitiveModify

ReinforceOperantEmotionsClassical Learning

LO 5.4 Operant, Skinner and ThorndikeLO 5.5 Important conceptsLO 5.6 Punishment problemsLO 5.7 Reinforcement schedules

OBSERVATIONAL LEARNINGLO 5.11 Observational learning theory

Operant ConditioningOperant ConditioningOperant ConditioningOperant Conditioning

Operant Stimuli BehaviorOperant Stimuli Behavior

• Discriminative stimulus – cue to specific

f

5.8 How do operant stimuli control behavior?

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response for reinforcement

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Biological ConstraintsBiological Constraints

• Instinctive drift –animal’s conditioned behavior reverts to

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reverts to genetic patterns – e.g., raccoon

washing, pig rooting

Applicationof

ehaviormodification

ehaviormodification

operantconditioning

toeffect

change

Behavior ModificationBehavior Modification

• Use of operant techniques to change behavior

Tokens

5.9 What is behavior modification?

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Tokens

Time outApplied Behavior Analysis

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ShapingShaping

Small stepsEffectivereinforcementHeavy early

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22

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Heavy early reinforcementReinforce lessand lessIncorporateHarder steps

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44

55

Bio and NeurofeedbackBio and Neurofeedback

• Biofeedback –controlling involuntary responses

• Neurofeedback –modifying behavior via brainscanning

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(e.g., blood pressure) via biological feedback

and feedback about brain activity

Cognitive LearningCognitive LearningCognitive LearningCognitive Learning

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Cognitive Learning TheoryCognitive Learning Theory

• Early days of learning –focus on behavior

• 1950s and 1960s – increased focus on mental events (cognition)

5.10 How do latent learning, learned helplessness and insight relate to cognition?

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(cognition)• Edward Tolman – early

cognitive scientist

Tolman’s Rats & Latent LearningTolman’s Rats & Latent Learning5.17 What was Tolman’s classic study on latent learning?

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Learned HelplessnessLearned Helplessness

• Learned helplessness -tendency to fail to act to escape from a

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escape from a situation because of a history of repeated failures

I know some people who live in a horrible situation but won’t leave. Is this the same thing?

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“Although Thorndike and other early learning theorists

Insight: Rapid Perception of Relationships

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believed that animals could not demonstrate insight, Kohler’s work seems to demonstrate that insight requires a sudden “coming together” of all the elements of a problem in a kind of “aha” moment that is not predicted by traditional animal learning studies.”

-Page 208 (Ciccarelli & White)

Observational LearningObservational LearningObservational LearningObservational Learning

b s e r v a t i o n a llearning

b s e r v a t i o n a llearning

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Bandura’s Bobo Doll ExperimentBandura’s Bobo Doll Experiment5.21 What was Bandura’s classic Bobo doll study?

• Two conditions– aggressive and

non-aggressive model

• viewers of

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aggression played more aggressively

• model’s behavior imitated even in absence of reward

Learning vs. PerformanceLearning vs. Performance

Learning can occur without performance

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Steps In Observational LearningSteps In Observational Learning

To learn through observation, must first attend to model

ATTENTIONATTENTION

MEMORYMEMORY

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IMITATIONIMITATION

MOTIVATIONMOTIVATION

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Learner must be able to retain what was

ATTENTIONATTENTION

MEMORYMEMORY

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was observedIMITATIONIMITATION



Learner must be able to reproduce actions of modelATTENTIONATTENTION

MEMORYMEMORY

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IMITATIONIMITATION



Learner must be motivated to reproduce observed behaviorsATTENTIONATTENTION

MEMORYMEMORY

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IMITATIONIMITATION


OPERANT CONDITIONING (Part 2) COGNITIVE LEARNING ...faculty.gordonstate.edu/bkicklighter/Intro...

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