Open Source in Design
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Transcript of Open Source in Design
Open Source in Design
Threat or Necessity for Design In its Role for Problem Solving and Innova>on? Peter Troxler, Research Professor
Abstract • Design is becoming more important across society, and with it design as a
profession and professional designers: there is Design Thinking in business, Co-‐Design in the public sector; and design is geIng a place in research and educa>on. This is reflected in many ini>a>ves, of which PROUD is an important example. The European Design Leadership Board’s recommenda>on to the EU reflects these developments.
• At the same >me there are socio-‐technical developments that build on the possibili>es of digital and In-‐ ternet technology that require liRle central control and allow lateral par>cipa>on and collabora>on. Wiki-‐ pedia, social media and YouTube are a few examples of such developments. This development towards lateral power is at the core of the current Third Industrial Revolu>on.
• In design, the no>on of ‘open design’ has emerged, which denotes a departure from authori>es of de-‐ sign to design that builds upon transparency, collabora>on and reusability beyond selected and selec>ve membership. In my talk I will inves>gate whether this development can be instrumental to co-‐design, or whether co-‐design will have to adopt the no>on ‘open’ to remain relevant: is ‘open design’ a threat to design in its role of problem solving and innova>on or a necessity?
Outline
1. Design is becoming more important – Design Thinking, Co-‐Design, …
2. “Digital Revolu>on” – Wikipedia, YouTube, …
3. Co-‐Design vs. Open Design – AND, OR, XOR?
1 Design is becoming more important.
1. Differentiating European design innovation on the global stage
2. Positioning design within the European innovation system
3. Design for innovative and competitive enterprises
4. Design for an innovative public sector
5. Positioning Design Research for the 21st century
6. Design competencies for the 21st century
3. Work towards zero tolerance of infringement. This requires legislative revision, through the inclusion of a ‘Duty of Care’ for shared responsibilities on IPR protection across the digital value chain. Set up a specific EU Tribunal /Court for European IP cases and promote and increase the training of judges in national courts, in relation to the protection of Intellectual Property Rights in the physical world and online.
8. Create guidelines, codes of practice, legal frameworks and experimental spaces to promote the use of Open Design.
2 “Digital Revolu>on”.
“Digital Revolu>on”
There are a few problems with that term
• Revolu>on – French, Russian, Industrial, …
• Digital – everything going digital? digital invading everything? …
“Industrial Revolu>on”
There are a few problems with that term, too
• industrial revolu>ons – stable economies
certainly 19th century, see Polany, The Great Transforma7on, 1944 • revolu>on – but not 100 % displacement
or was that really a characteris7c of poli7cal revolu7ons?
12,800,000 results 1,820,000 blogs 17,300,000 videos
519,000 discussions 3,070,000 books
Industrial Revolu>on
• Neil Gershenfeld, 2005: Fab. The Coming Revolu>on on Your Desktop
• Jeremy Rifin, 2011: The Third Industrial Revolu>on. How Lateral Power is Transforming Energy, the Economy, and the World.
• Chris Anderson, 2012: Makers: The New Industrial Revolu>on
• Peter Marsh, 2012: The New Industrial Revolu>on: Consumers, Globaliza>on and the End of Mass Produc>on
Jeremy Rifin
1st revolu>on Automa>c prin>ng press Steam-‐powered technology 19th century
3rd revolu>on Internet Renewable energy 21st century
2nd revolu>on Electrical communica>on Oil-‐powered combus>on engine 20th century
hRp://ec.europa.eu/avservices/video/player.cfm?sitelang=en&ref=85716
Jeremy Rifin
[T]he conven>onal top-‐down organiza>on of society
that characterized much of the economic, social, and poli>cal life
of the fossil-‐fuel based industrial revolu>ons
is giving way to distributed and collabora>ve rela>onships
in the emerging green industrial era.
We are in the midst of a profound shio in the very way society is structured,
away from hierarchical power and toward lateral power.
Ri>in 2011, p. 36f.
1st revolu>on Automa>c prin>ng press Steam-‐powered technology 19th century
3rd revolu>on Internet Renewable energy 21st century
2nd revolu>on Electrical communica>on Oil-‐powered combus>on engine 20th century
© 2010 Kevin Dooley, cc-‐by © 1968, Elgin Cou
nty Archives, St. Thom
as Tim
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urnal fon
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© 2011 Waag Society, cc-‐by-‐nc-‐nd
1st revolu>on Automa>c prin>ng press Steam-‐powered technology 19th century
3rd revolu>on Internet Renewable energy 21st century
2nd revolu>on Electrical communica>on Oil-‐powered combus>on engine 20th century
© 1907 E.A. Thomson BuRe-‐Silver Bow Public Library ©
2009 mars_discovery_district, cc-‐by-‐nc-‐ sa
© 2011 adafruit, cc-‐by-‐nc-‐sa
• Icon steam engine > conveyor belt > 3D printer
• Actor capitalist > management consultant > maker
• Structure pa>archical > hierarchical > lateral
• Supply Chain colonial > global > con>nental / regional
• Transport railway > automobile & air travel > ???
• Ci>es crowded inner ci>es > suburbia > ???
• Social working class > middle class > ???
• Consump>on consume > mass consump>on > prosumer
• Media newspaper > radio > social media, UGC?
• Encyclopedia Diderot > Britannica > Wikipedia
• Sooware electromechanical (?) > proprietary > open source?
• Design crao > design > open design? crao > design > co-‐design?
3 Co-‐Design vs. Open Design
P. J. Stappers, et al. (2011). Crea7on & Co: User Par7cipa7on in Design. In: van Abel et al. (eds.) Open Design Now. Amsterdam: BIS.
PJ Stappers &Co
E. B. N. Sanders and P. J. Stappers, “Co-‐crea7on and the new landscapes of design,” CoDesign, Mar. 2008.
Open Design “Defini>on” Open Design is a design artifact project whose source documentation is made publicly available so that anyone can study, modify, distribute, make, prototype and sell the artifact based on that design.!!(…)!!Design also means the design process of developing an Open Design project.Open Design does not refer to and is not defined by a specific design process. Most of the time the design process of an Open Design project will not be documented and therefore there is no need to publish this documentation.!!(…)!
h[ps://github.com/OpenDesign-‐WorkingGroup/Open-‐Design-‐Defini7on/blob/master/open.design_defini7on/open.design.defini7on.md
From Open Design Now 1. Analogy to open source sooware and its ‘low-‐IP’ regime—freely
accessible blueprints in analogy to source code, and the four freedoms of open source sooware (use, modify, share, and fork).
2. Aspects of design prac>ce—collabora>ve crea>on and inquiry, and the disappearing dis>nc>on between professionals and amateurs.
Open design promotes the unprecedented sharing of knowledge between the professional and amateur designer, breaking down unnecessary barriers. (Atkinson) Open design is a specific approach to design, in which a group of intrinsically mo7vated people from various backgrounds develop design opportuni7es and solu7ons together in an open community, based on respect for each other's skills and exper7se. (Humels).
3. How open design would change tradi>onal ver>cal value chains formed by designer-‐manufacturer-‐distributor-‐consumer rela>onships trough fabrica>on on demand or one man factories
Rooted in informa7on and communica7on technology, [open design] gives us all the instruments to become the one-‐man factory, the world player opera7ng from a small back room. (S7kker) The open design model diminishes the tradi7onal ver7cal value chain that is formed by designer-‐manufacturer-‐distributor-‐consumer rela7onships and offers an alterna7ve, open web of direct links between designers and consumers. (Avital)
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1. Differentiating European design innovation on the global stage
2. Positioning design within the European innovation system
3. Design for innovative and competitive enterprises
4. Design for an innovative public sector
5. Positioning Design Research for the 21st century
6. Design competencies for the 21st century
e peter@square-‐1.eu t @trox s petertroxler