Open-access publishing and the transformation of scholarly communication
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SciELO15, 23 rd October, 2013 Open-access publishing and the transformation of scholarly communication Mark Patterson, Executive Director, eLife
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Os últimos 15 anos têm testemunhado o surgimento e desenvolvimento da publicação em acesso aberto como principal meio de comunicação científica. Ele é definido por acesso livre e imediato às publicações, associado à eliminação das barreiras de reutilização para que os novos resultados da pesquisa possam atingir o valor máximo e alcançar novas pesquisas, educação e o benefício da sociedade. Apesar dos progressos consideráveis, a publicação em acesso aberto continua a ser uma atividade minoritária, embora forças de ruptura estejam surgindo, as quais têm o potencial de gerar maior transformação. Talvez o freio mais forte no crescimento da publicação em acesso aberto seja o sistema de recompensa acadêmica, que coloca ênfase em títulos de periódicos estabelecidos e métricas baseadas em periódicos nas práticas de avaliação da pesquisa. Uma das chaves para maior progresso é, portanto, considerar o acesso aberto como um aspecto de um conjunto mais amplo de reformas na comunicação científica. The past 15 years has seen the emergence and development of open-access publishing as a major new mode of scholarly communication. It is defined by free and immediate access to publications, coupled with the removal of reuse barriers so that new research findings can have the maximum value and reach for further research, education and the benefit of society. Despite strong progress, open-access publishing remains a minority activity, although disruptive forces are emerging that have the potential to drive greater transformation. Perhaps the strongest brake on the growth of open-access publishing is the academic reward system, which places emphasis on established journal titles and journal-based metrics in research assessment practices. One of the keys to further progress is therefore to regard open access as one aspect of a broader set of reforms in scholarly communication. Los últimos 15 años han visto la aparición y el desarrollo de la publicación en acceso abierto como principal medio de comunicación académica. Se define por el acceso libre e inmediato a las publicaciones, junto con la eliminación de las barreras de reutilización para que los nuevos resultados de la investigación puedan tener el máximo valor y alcance para investigación posterior, educación y el beneficio a la sociedad. A pesar de grandes progresos, la publicación de acceso abierto sigue siendo una actividad minoritaria, aunque surgen fuerzas disruptivas que tienen el potencial de impulsar una mayor transformación. Tal vez el freno más fuerte en el crecimiento de la publicación de acceso abierto es el sistema de recompensa académica, que hace hincapié en los títulos de revistas establecidas y las métricas basadas en revistas para las prácticas de evaluación de la investigación. Una de las claves para seguir avanzando por lo tanto, es considerar el acceso abierto como un aspecto de un conjunto más amplio de reformas en la comunicación académica.
Transcript of Open-access publishing and the transformation of scholarly communication
SciELO15, 23rd October, 2013
Open-access publishing and the transformation of
scholarly communication
Mark Patterson, Executive Director, eLife
March 23rd, 2001
Harold Varmus Pat Brown Mike Eisen
Open access
>Free
access
Feb 1st 2001
October, 2003 October, 2004
Oct 13th
2005
Growth of open access publishing
OA journals with APCOA journals no APCOA journals with print subscription
Laakso and Björk BMC Medicine 2012 10:124 doi:10.1186/1741-7015-10-124
%PubMed available as open access in PMC
2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 20120.0%
2.0%
4.0%
6.0%
8.0%
10.0%
12.0%
14.0%
Where’s the disruption?
http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/sunearth/news/News070712-X1.1flare.html
First disruptionThe megajournal
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 20120
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
PLOS ONE growth
Open-access
megajournals
• Cost-effective• Scalable, and can grow quickly• Great for authors• Strong competition for conventional
approaches• An open platform for research
communication
Megajournals as a disruptive force
Second disruptionDirect funding of OA
publishing
Online
Estimates the proportion of open access content in Brazil (2008-2011) to be 63%
“…no doubt due to the important contribution of SciELO.”
• Cost-effective• Scalable, and can grow quickly• Great for authors• Strong competition for conventional
approaches• An open platform for research
communication
SciELO as a disruptive force
Funders taking direct action
eLife: motivations
Serve science
Swift, fairdecisiveprocess
ExploitdigitalMedia
Open access
eLife – scope
• BROAD
From basic and theoretical work to translational, applied and clinical research.
• SELECTIVE
Highly influential work that advances understanding, opens new doors or has real-world impacts.
Editors
• Editor-in-Chief• 2 Deputy eds• 17 Senior eds • Board of
reviewing eds ~180
eLife Lens http://elifesciences.github.io/articleviewer/
eLife Lens http://elifesciences.github.io/articleviewer/
Third disruption Reforming research
assessment
Researchassessment
InstitutionsResearchers (authors
and readers)
Publishers
Funders
Policy makersThe public
Librarians
“Dear Public Library of Science people, I just listened to a mouse song on line…
I do not have the funds to subscribe to the traditional science journals.
Tomorrow my students will hear the same mouse song I listened to and I amsure they will be as enchanted and interested as I am. The idea of openaccess to original research papers is very exciting to someone in my position…
I can assure you that the availability of research papers will benefit the future of scientific research by providing motivation and stimulation for millions of fledgling scientists.
Sincerely, Science Teacher”
Some impact is hard to measure
The impact factor is…
http://www.flickr.com/photos/m2w2/191545978/sizes/z/in/photostream/
• a journal-based metric• proprietary• incomplete
Policy and practiceMedia
Textbooks
Usage
Citations
Reference managers
Wikipedia
v10
• From one measure to many• From journal to article• From one output to many
New metrics and indicators of scholarship
• Recommendations for publishers, funders, institutions, metrics suppliers, and researchers
• >9000 signatories• Make sure you sign up today
http://www.flickr.com/photos/24736216@N07/7758828268/ (CC BY-NC2.0)
• Open access publishing is here to stay• Disruptive forces are at work
megajournals direct funding reform of assessment and much more…
Summary
http://www.flickr.com/photos/anandham/4499539060/
Open access is one part of a much broader transition
InteroperabilityAssessmentSustainability
