New communication protocols

Applications & Implementation

Contents

Why such protocols ?

General view

DNP3

C37.118

OPC

IEC 61850

IRIG-B

Why such protocols ?

Traditionally Power generated by small number of large power stations

Flows on distribution network are one way : from producer to consumer

Smart grids Decentralizing energy generation (renewable)

Optimizing distribution (capacity, efficiency)

Offering better consumer service (reliability)

Add ICT (Information and Communications Technologies) to the network, in order to allow the communication between « smart » devices

Why such protocols ?

Cost effective infrastructure Communication buses instead of point to point connections

Interoperability Bigger amount of data Easier data exchange betweed IEDs Data exchange between manufacturers

Configuration & flexibility Data can be centralized or scattered IEDs can be reconfigured without affecting infrastructure

Long term Future evolutions made easier Follow improvements in communication protocols technology and customers

requirements

New protocols and interoperability

DNP3

Overview

IEEE Standard for Electric Power Systems Communications: Distributed Network Protocol (IEEE Std 1815TM-2012)

Achieve interoperability between substations and master stations for the electric utility, water, transportation and gas industries

Typical DNP3 diagram

IED : Intelligent Electronic deviceRTU : Remote Terminal UnitEMS : Energy Management System

DNP3 applications

Intelligent Electronic Devices (IEDs)

Can report measurements and status from the electrical network

May be responsible for controlling devices on the electrical network

SCADA systems and Control Centers, DMS and EMS systems

End user can monitor the network and take required actions

DNP3 features

Can report/control data of more than 200 IEDs

Bi-directional (report data and control devices)

Support both polled and unsolicited modes

Support analog and digital data types

Event oriented data reporting

High data integrity

Configurable scan period to detect data changes

Configurable event buffer size

C37.118

Overview

IEEE Standard for Synchrophasors for Power Systems: C37.118 (IEEE C37.118TM-2005)

Covers synchronized phasor measurements used in electric power systems

Typical C37.118 diagram

PDC : Phasor Data Concentrator

C37.118 / PMU applications

Phasor Measurement Unit simulation for wide area measurement and control.

Data acquisition for Power System Automation

Power system automation, as in smart grids

Load shedding and other load control techniques as demand response mechanisms

Increase reliability of the grid by detecting faults

Prevention of power outages

Analysis and correction of sources of degradation

C37.118 / PMU features

Can handle 128 phasor inputs (128 magnitudes & 128 angles), 128 analog inputs and 128 digital inputs

GPS synchronization (with Spectracom Tsync bus-level-timing board)

Supported protocols : TCP, UDP

Configurable nominal frequency (50 or 60 Hz)

Configurable data reporting rate

Timestamp resolution given by the model step size

Number of simulated PMU limited by network card throughput, model step size and core resources

OPC

Overview

1996 : Object Linking and Embedding (OLE) for Process Control

Since Nov 2011 : « Open Platform Communications »

Designed to provide a common bridge for process control devices from different manufacturers

Typical OPC diagram

OPC applications

HMI : Panorama, PCVue, WonderWare

SCADA, control systems, EMS, DMS

PowerFactory, DigSilent, ETAP, …

Simulation of a large network with a

number of conventionally controlled

generation units together with a

fuzzy-controller implemented at a specific

plant

IEC 61850

Overview

Sampled Values (IEC61850-9.2-LE): digital communication interface implementation to non conventional instrument transformers

GOOSE provides a fast and reliable mechanism of transferring event data over entire substation networks

Power system IEC 61850

Typical IEC 61850 diagram

Power system IEC 61850

Features Support of Sampled Values Publisher/Subscriber

50Hz – 60 Hz / 80 samples per cycle

GPS time stamping for Goose messages and SV synchronization

Several data types supported within Goose message (boolean, (un)signed integer, float 32/64, structure)

IRIG-B

Overview Inter-Range Instrumentation Group, US organization which defines standards

for time coding

IRIG-B : pulse rate is 100 PPS (10 ms)

Typical IRIG-B diagram

Typical IRIG-B diagram

Features

Spectracom TSync PCIe board

Synchronized timecode reader/generator

Generates external signal synchronized with model calculation step time

40 ns pulse width

Other specific communication protocols available

CanOpen communication protocol for Woodward valve controller simulation

Foundation Fieldbus H1 communication protocol for sensor simulation (Temperature, Pressure sensors …)

Reflective Memory (RFM) using Dolphin high-speed communication boards

FlexRay to govern on-board automotive computing. Faster and more reliable than CAN (Controller Area Network)

Next …

AFDX - data network for safety-critical avionic applications

Ethercat - open high performance Ethernet-based fieldbus system

Gateway protocol converter (IEC101-104, IEC61850-MMS, …)

Thank you !

Questions ?