Oncology (onc- = tumor)

Oncology (onco- = mass)

• -plasia = new development • -trophy = growth

– Changes in Growth• Changes in sizesize of individual cell

– Atrophy = decrease in cell size

– Hypertrophy = increase in cell size

• Changes in actual number number of cells– Hyperplasia, Dysplasia, & Anaplasia = increase in rate

of reproduction

– Hyperplasia = increase in number of normal cells

– Dysplasia = increase in number of atypical cells

– Anaplasia = increase in number of frankly abnormal cells

• Cancer– Carcinoma (carcin = cancer)– Neoplasia (new development)– Anaplasia (without development)– Sarcoma (sarc = flesh)

Benign vs. Malignant TumorsBenign vs. Malignant Tumors

• Key differences:• Encapsulation vs.

infiltration

• Differentiated cells vs. undifferentiated cells

• Spread of cancer– Metastasis (beyond stopping)

• Plural = metastases• This is a noun

– Metastasize• This is a verb (action)

• Oncology = study of tumors • Tumor = neoplasm

• Benign– Encapsulated

• Malignant– Metastasize = verb

» Metastasis = noun

• Staging tumors– Carcinoma in situ (cis)– Invasive (I,II,III, IV)

• Carcinoma --- from epithelial tissue• Sarcoma --- from connective tissue• Adeno- = gland

– Adenocarcinoma

• Rhabd/o = rod shaped

• Lymphoma– Hodgkin’s lymphoma (HL)– Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (NHL)

• Blastoma– Key = undifferentiated cells

• Breast Carcinoma– Ductile carcinoma (95%)– Infiltrating lobular carcinoma

• Ca Treatments– Surgery– Chemotherapy

– Radiation therapy