On Science Diplomacy – B(rev)

Rodney W. Nichols rod.nichols@verizon.net

6 March 2014

The Rockefeller University

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• A Complex Scene• S&T – based Actions• Global Challenges• Context for Trip to Washington, DC

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Complex Interactions

Diplomacy

Science and Technology

National Institutions

Resources for Economic

Development

InternationalInstitutions

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How Nations May Think About Diplomacy and Development

• Understand Technological Assets: – i.e., strengths, weaknesses, and goals

• Stress Science-Rich Diplomatic Opportunities: – e.g., health trends, peacekeeping, natural emergencies

• View Science and Education as Global Investment: – e.g., incentives to minimize “free riders”

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Recognize the Consequences of R+D Trends:

Where and how to share benefits and spread risks of pioneering

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A Global Case: Particle Physics Frontier

• After the Higgs discovery, what to do?• Next generation of accelerators will be expensive• Fiscal constraints rise around most of the globe• China’s and India’s talent and ambition are needed• North America, Europe and Japan will be partners• Congressional Attitudes are skeptical see: Nigel Lockyer, Director of Fermi Lab, Nature, Vol. 504,

19/26 Dec. 2013

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Strengthen International Roles of S & T – Intensive Agencies:

e.g. for US: NSF, NIH, EPA, DOE, NASA, DA, Commerce, and OSTP roles. DOD and State fund (too?) much of the

“science diplomacy.”

e.g. Assuring competitiveness is both a threat and a goal, dependent upon each nation’s S+T agencies.

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Global Challenges

• Dual Use Technologies – e.g. Mol. Bio. For Drugs and Medical Technology vis-à-vis BW

• Internet & Social Media + Cyber Security– scenarios for collaboration, for Defense and for Attack

• Scientific Cooperation vs. Economic Competition– how to balance Confidence-Building vis-à-vis narrow success metrics

• The Urgent vis-à-vis The Important– e.g. nonproliferation of nuclear weapons, protection of human rights

of scientists and engineers

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MotivationsGoethe: On Science:

“To one man it is the highest thing, heavenly goddess; to another it is a

productive and proficient cow, who supplies them with butter.”

Einstein: On public responsibility:“Concern for man and his destiny must be

the chief concern of technological effort- never forget it among your diagrams and equations.”

Selected Executive Agencies and Congressional Committees with Interest at the Intersection of Science and Technology with

International Affairs (1992) House Senate

Agriculture Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry Appropriations Appropriations Armed Services Armed Services Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs Budget Budget Energy and Commerce Commerce, Science, and Transportation Foreign Affairs Energy and Natural Resources Intelligence Environment and Public Works Science, Space and Technology Foreign Relations

Intelligence Labor and Human Resources

Agriculture Interior Commerce Justice Defense Labor Education NASA Energy National Science Foundation Environmental Protection Agency State Health and Human Services Transportation Housing and Urban Development Treasury

Congressional Committees

Executive Agencies

3/6/2014 – B10N.B. General Pattern still the case in 2014.

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U.S. Total Net Economic Engagement with Developing Countries, 2010

Source: The Center for Global Prosperity, Hudson Institute, 2011

U.S. Total Net Economic Engagement with Developing Countries, 2010 Billions of $ %

U.S. Offi cal Development Assistance $30.4 9U.S. Private Philanthropy $39.0 12

Foundations $4.6 12Corporations $7.6 19Private and Voluntary Organizations $14.0 36Volunteerism $3.7 9Universities and Colleges $1.9 5Religious Organizations $7.2 18

U.S. Remittances $95.8 29U.S. Private Capital Flows $161.2 49U.S. Total Economic Engagement $326.4 100

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$30.4

$326.4

Headline: US at top; China closing in fast

2014 Global R+D Funding Forecast

Total Funding (PPP) %Global Rate of Growth

US $504B 31 slowing

China $284B 17 rising

*source: Battelle, Dec 2013

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Life Science Industry R&D Spending

*Source: Battelle, Dec. 2013

2014 Global R+D Funding Forecast

Technology daily outstrips the ability of our institutions to cope with its fruits

Henry KissingerUN 1973

Advances in science and technology are outdistancing the capacity of existing international organizations to deal with them

Cyrus VanceUN Association, 1975

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Is Washington Doing Better?

Science Diplomacy In Brief

• Compelling Opportunities in Research• Urgent Global Needs• Organizational Complexity• Initiatives for Cooperation

“Pathways to Freedom: Political and Economic Lessons from Democratic Transitions”, Coleman and Lawson-Renner,

CFR, 2013. Examines:

MexicoIndonesia

BrazilThailand

PolandUkraine

South AfricaNigeria

Paradise Beneath Her Feet: How Women Are Transforming the Middle East

Isobel Coleman

Random House, 2010, 2013 3/6/2014 – B18