on Coastal Areas
description
Transcript of on Coastal Areas
on Coastal Areas
http://www.mcgrawhill.ca/school/schoolGraphics/sf07_samplechapter_topic2.pdf
Do humans affect coastal ecology?
http://biodiv.sinica.edu.tw/~chankk/phot o-gallery.htm
Local Harbors and Bays are impacted!
Green Harbor
Cohasset Harbor
Boston Harbor
Buzzard’s Bay
Waquoit Bay
Name some ways in which humans affect coastal areas.
Developments Along the Coast
http://wrc.iewatershed.com/index.php?pagename=education_about_09
How Trash Effects Wildlife
http://www.farallones.org/e_newsletter/2006-08/marinedebris.htm
What is Marine Debris?Marine debris is the solid human made rubbish that is discarded at sea or ends up in the sea after being disposed of on land.
http://www.nt.gov.au/nreta/environment/waste/publications/pdf/Factsheets_Marine_Debris.pdf
http://sero.nmfs.noaa.gov/pr/pdf/Marine%20Debris%20in%20GOM.pdf
Click Below for a Slideshow:
There are many ways that rubbish can enter the sea, including:
•dumping of garbage at sea by ships, fishing boats and pleasure craft. •deliberate discarding and accidental loss of fishing nets at sea.
http://sero.nmfs.noaa.gov/pr/pdf/Marine%20Debris%20in%20GOM.pdf
Click Below for a Slideshow:
Also:
Litter left on beaches by picnickers.
Escape of litter from coastal rubbish dumps.
Drains and sewage systems that empty into the sea.
http://sero.nmfs.noaa.gov/pr/pdf/Marine%20Debris%20in%20GOM.pdf
Click Below for a Slideshow:
http://www.mwra.state.ma.us/
•Pathogens are found in raw sewage, its a disease-causing viruses and bacteria. It can cause serious health threats to people and animals, that’s why its unsafe to go swimming, boating, and shell fishing.
Sewage- The waste matter that passes through sewers.
Effluent- Flowing out or forth; refers to liquid wastewhich comes from sewage treatment plants.
Boston Harbor Data 1990-2005
BacteriaNutrients & Algae Physical
MeasurementsWater Clarity
-Fecal coliform
-E. coli
-Enterococcus
-Chlorophyll
-Phaeophytin
-Dissolved inorganic nutrients
-Temperature
-Salinity
-pH
-Dissolved oxygen
-Total suspended solids
-Secchi disk depth
http://www.mwra.state.ma.us/harbor/html/bh_wq.htm
Eutrophication - Caused by the increase in an ecosystem of chemical nutrients, typically compounds containing nitrogen or phosphorus.
http://www.bigelow.org/edhab/Activitieshttp://www.tpwd.state.tx.us/landwater/water/environconcerns/hab/
Algae Bloom- A relatively rapid increase in the population of (usually) phytoplankton
algae in an aquatic system.
Red Tide - caused by a population explosion of dinoflagellates.
http://www.pac.dfo-mpo.gc.ca/ops/fm/shellfish/Biotoxins/PSP_e.htm
Some dinoflagellates give off a poison as a waste
product.
http://www.pac.dfo-mpo.gc.ca/ops/fm/shellfish/Biotoxins/PSP_e.htm
Shellfish beds closed
http://www.buzzardsbay.org/shellfish.htm
http://www.yptenc.org.uk/docs/factsheets/env_facts/overfishing.html
Bycatch- Unwanted marine creatures that are caught in the nets while fishing for another species.
Shrimping Bycatchhttp://marinebio.org/i/bycatch.jpg
•Ghost fishing is the term used for lost or abandoned fishing gear that
continues to catch fish or anything else that goes into the net. It is
environmentally deleterious and the fish caught is wasted.
http://www.oceansatlas.org/world_fisheries_and_aquaculture/html/issues/ecosys/gearloss/ghost_fishing.htm
Entanglement and IngestionIngestion
Marine species confuse plastic bags, rubber, balloons and confectionery
wrappers with prey and ingest them. The debris usually causes a physical
blockage in the digestive system, leading to painful internal injuries.
http://www.environment.gov.au/biodiversity/threatened/ktp/marine-debris.html
EntanglementEntanglement in marine debris can
cause restricted mobility, starvation, infection, amputation, drowning and
smothering.
http://www.environment.gov.au/biodiversity/threatened/ktp/marine-debris.html
Entanglement and Ingestion
X-ray of turtles being treated at a clinic in Florida yielded contents in just one turtle that were found to be balloons and a fast-food latex glove.
http://www.environment.gov.au/biodiversity/threatened/ktp/marine-debris.html
http://www.dnr.state.wi.us/invasives/ http://www.diversitas-international.org/cross_invasive.html
Invasive Species- A species is regarded as invasive if it has been introduced by human action to a location, area, or region where it did not previously occur naturally.
http://www.hort.purdue.edu/newcrop/duke_energy/Phragmites_australis.html#Description
Hemigrapsus sanguineus – Asian Shore Crab
http://cars.er.usgs.gov/Nonindigenous_Species/Asian_shore_crab/asian_shore_crab.html
Sustainability refers to the potential longevity of vital human ecological support systems.
http://www.wairc.govt.nz/enviroinfo/indicators/community/sustainability/images/sustainability.gif
Sustainable means that something can continue indefinitely without running out of materials or energy.
http://www.wairc.govt.nz/enviroinfo/indicators/community/sustainability/images/sustainability.gif
Why do we care about having sustainable ecosystems?
http://www.wairc.govt.nz/enviroinfo/indicators/community/sustainability/images/sustainability.gif
http://www.mos.org/oceans/scientist/submersibles.html
http://www.mos.org/oceans/scientist/submersibles.html
People use submersibles to study underwater environments
YOU can make a difference!Protect Massachusetts
waterways.Get involved.
Every little bit helps!!