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On a clean sheet of paper…
list all organizations that you and your family members are a part of.
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Interest Groups
Any organization that seeks to INFLUENCE public policy.
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Three Types of Interest Groups
1. Single – Issue 2. Social Action 3. Economic
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Single Issue Interest Groups-(5)
National Rifle Association- NRA
2nd
Amendment
Handgun Control Inc. Gun Regulation
MADD
Right-to-Life
National Abortion Rights
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Social Action Interest Groups (4)
NOW-National Organization of Women
Sierra Club- Protection of Wildlife ACLU- Amer. Civil
Liberties Union-Protect 1st
Amendment Rights
National Association for the Advancement of Colored People NAACP- Equality
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Economic Interest Groups (3)
Labor Unions AFL-CIO-Rights
of skilled and unskilled
workers.
Chamber of Commerce
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Economic Interest Groups Professional
Associations American Medical
Association-AMA American Bar
Association-ABAProtect
Lawyers
Agriculture National Grange
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Functions of Interest Groups
Functions PROVIDE INFORMATION to
legislators and the public (most significant role)
EX) AAA provides highway death figures when the speed limit is increased
INFLUENCE PUBLIC POLICY
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Tactics of Interest Groups
Tactics hold rallies stir/start legislation Lobbying raise money $$ for candidates/parties use persuasive propaganda
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What is Lobbying??
Lobbying: interest group representatives speak DIRECTLY with lawmakers to influence them
Lobbyists have tremendous power Origin: British reps once crowded into
the lobbies outside legislative chambers of Parliament to speak with lawmakers
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Types of Lobbying
“grassroots” A movement started and carried out
by people at a local level, not by professionals
EX) petitions, protests, letters – MADD Why effective?
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Types of Lobbying
“PROFESSIONAL LOBBYISTS” Companies hire professional to speak
to officials (Sydney Allen Wade- Movie)
EX) Tobacco companies hire people to persuade officials to oppose laws damaging to the tobacco industry.
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Types of Lobbying “ASTROTURF”
What is astroturf??? So, what do you think “astroturf lobbying” is? A lobbying movement set up by big $$
(usually big business) to have the appearance of a grassroots movement
EX) “Big Tobacco” sends out letters with self-addressed envelopes to people with the hope that they will sign their names to the letter and mail it back
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Anti-Astroturfing Code of Ethics Kami Huyse proposes an anti-astroturfing code of ethics
and asks for input: I will not fabricate a public concern by paying or
coercing individuals to falsely act as concerned citizens. I will only seek to help give voice to those who already hold an existing concern and/or provide education to stakeholders that might be affected by a particular issue.
When supporting grassroots efforts, I will ensure that I am transparent in all my actions and clearly and publicly state what actions I am taking and which organization or client I represent.
I will never knowingly distort of falsify information to help my client/interest achieve a strategic/emotional advantage in a public debate.
I will encourage all grassroots supporters to be open and honest in all of their communications, just as I will be open and honest in mine.
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How do interest groups raise money $$$ ??? “PAC’s”
PAC = Political Action Committee Ex) VOTE-COPE (NY teachers union PAC); EMILY’s
List (support female candidates) set up by interest groups to RAISE MONEY
$$$$$ for candidates and parties Individual Campaign contributions are limited
to $2,300 per election, but PAC’s can give $5,000 to a candidate or $15,000 to a party
PAC’s can also run their own “issue ads” on TV
Opensecrets.org
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“Hard” $ vs “Soft” $ The limited $2,300 per election
amount is called “HARD” MONEY and goes directly to the candidate running for office
Candidates can use this $ to run ads supporting their candidacy
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“Hard” $ vs “Soft” $ “Soft” Money
Unlimited $$$ raised and spent by interest groups on their own ads
“527” interest groups and some PAC’s can run “issue ads” w/ soft $
Such "issue ads" won't explicitly tell you to elect or defeat a particular candidate, but the group's view of the candidate's stance on their issue is clear.
Highly controversial….why?
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Why are there so many interest groups in America? Constitutional protection
1st amendment (free speech & assembly)
Pluralistic Society Many different political, social, and
economic interests Many access points to influence the
law making process Rising costs of political campaigns
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Other Incentives
Material Benefits Discounts Money Special services to
members only Travel Free items