Climate Change Impacts: Gulf of the Farallones and Cordell Bank ...
Oils Spills in the Gulf of the Farallones National Marine Sanctuary
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Transcript of Oils Spills in the Gulf of the Farallones National Marine Sanctuary
Oils Spills in the Gulf of the Farallones National Marine
Sanctuary
2. Sanctuaries map
3. SE Farallon Island
4. Seals on island
5. Sea Star
slide66. Fish
7. Oil
Oil = decomposed fossils
Types of Oil
• Carbon-Hydrogen Chains– 1-4 carbons light hydrocarbons, ex. Methane (CH4)
– 4-14 carbons naptha ==> gasoline
– 12-15 carbons kerosene ==> jet aircraft fuel
– 15-25 carbons gas oil ==> heating oil and bunker fuel
– >25 carbons residual oils
• Carbon-Hydrogen Rings = Aromatics– Benzene C6H6
– Toluene C6H5CH3
– Xylenes C6H4(CH3 ) 2==> polyester
C H
H
H
H
H
H
HH
H
H
C
C CC
CC
Sources of Oil in the Marine Environment
• Natural oil seeps
• Oil exploration and production
• Industrial Discharge
• Urban Runoff (highways, oil changes)
• Vessel Operations (leaks, cleaning)
• Accidental Big Spills
10. Shipping lanes
800 - 1,100 Oil Tankers Annually Enter San Francisco Bay
11. Container ship
12. Fishing ships
13. Cruise liner
14. T/V Puerto Rican
15. Puerto Rican with oil
16. Puerto Rican with Coast Guard
17 Burnt Puerto Rican
18. Oil sheen on water
19. Ship location
San FranciscoFarallon Islands
Bodega Bay
Site of Explosion
Towed Here
20. Puerto Rican escorted
21. Coast Guard helicopter
22. Oil near Farallon Islands
23. Mr. Clean
What Happens to Spilled Oil?
Image from The International Tanker Owners Pollution Federation Ltd
25. Dispersion
Dispersant molecules attach to both water and oil
Wind and waves break the slick apart, mixing the oil into the water.
26. Elephant Seal
27. Oiled Seal lions
28. Oil slick
29.PlanktonPhytoplanktonless than 0.1 mm in size
Krill, about 2 cm long
30 Common Murres
31. Oiled Murre
32. Feather
33. Oiled Sanderlings
34. Mobile Vet Lab
35 Common Murres
36. Assorted shorebirds
37. Map of PR oil
San FranciscoFarallon Islands
Bodega Bay
Site of sunken stern
day 10
day 6 day 5
day 9
day 7
day 4
38. Oil boom in intertidal
39. Bodega Harbor
40. Oil boom protecting wetlands
41. PR at GG Bridge
42. Oil Sheen
Major Oil Spills in the Gulf of the
Farallones National Marine Sanctuary
• 1984 PUERTO RICAN 1.4 million gal• 1986 APEX HOUSTON 20,000 gal• 1996 CAPE MOHICAN 42,000-50,000 gal• 1997-98 Point Reyes Tarball Incident• 1998 COMMAND 2,500 gal• 2001-02 sunken J. LUCKENBACH unknown
• 3 quarts per oil change 4 times per year is how many gallons?
44. Murre Restoration
45. Tarball and scale
46. Tarball at Limantour
47. Sinking oil rig off of Brazil
48. Volunteers
49. Surveyor
50. Oil sheen on Agate Beach
51. Oiled feather sampling
52. Sea Siren Grounding
53. Sunset