OHIO ARCHAEOLOGIST VOLUME 47 NO. 2 SPRING 1997

Published by

THE ARCHAEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF OHIO

The Archaeological Society of Ohio

TERM EXPIRES i A.S.O. OFFICERS

President Carmel " B u d " Tacket t . 906 Char les ton Pike, Chillicothe, OH 45601, (614)-772-5431. Vice-President Jeb Bowen, 1982 Velma Avenue, Columbus, OH 43211, (419)-585-2571. Executive Secretary Charles Fulk, 2122 Cottage Street. Ash­land, OH 44805, (419)-289-8313. Recording Secretary Elaine Holzapfel, 415 Memorial Drive, Greenville, OH 45331. (513)-548-0325. Treasurer T o m Per r ine , 492 Mi l ler A v e n u e , Kent , OH 44240-2651, (330)-673-1672.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS PRESIDENT'S PAGE

The Laurel Run Rock Shelter

by Wayne A. Mortine & Doug Randies 4

ACrowfield Point From Knox County by Walt Sperry 8

Six Southern Indiana Cache Blades by Robert N. Converse 9

A Carter Cave Dovetail by Elaine Holzapfel 10

A Density of Paleo Indian Material by Carl Harruff 11

Re-examination Of A Fluted Point From Logan County, Ohio Indicates That It May Possibly Be A True Folsom Type

by Claude Britt, Jr. 12

Philip Kientz Artifacts

by David W.Kuhn 13

The Story Of An Adena Mound byD.R. Gehlbach 14

The Warsaw (Adena?) Pseudolith

by John R. White & Rocky Falleti 16

The Fort Meigs Pipe Tomahawk by Jeff Dearth 18

A Crawford County Birdstone by Robert N. Converse 20

A Great Pipe Duck Effigy by Robert N. Converse 21 A Visit To The Mammoth Site In South Dakota: The Largest Concentration Of Mammoth Skeletons In The Western Hemisphere

by Claude Britt, Jr. 22

The Storms Creek Site by Robert N. Converse 27

A Personal Collection Of Prismatic Blades And Cores

by Jennifer A. Saksa 30

Fort Ancient Pipes by Robert N. Converse 31

A Recent Coshocton County Find by Charles E. Gross 32

Goodwill Dovetail by David W. Kuhn 32

Robert Haag Donates Memberships 33

A Gift From The Diller Family by Lloyd Harnishfeger 34

Two Study Pieces by Lloyd Harnishfeger 34

TheSRS Site by Steve Grone 35

Personal Finds by Tony Clinton 36

Annual Robert N. Converse Award To Dr. Jeb Bowen 37

Thefts 38

Boy Scou ts Announce The Archaeo logy Meri t Badge. . . .39

Buckeye Flint Festival 39

The Passing of C lement Me ighan 39

A Nice Sur face Find byJoeiEmbrey 39 - Back Cover

A QUICK REMINDER

If you are planning on running for the A.S.O. Board of Directors, please send your name, a brief background statement, and reason you would like to serve to Bob Converse.

Our November 1997 meeting will probably break all attendance records, so please use only the space you truly need, store your extra containers under the table. The A.S.O. will make every effort to make available a table for every exhibitor.

I am happy to report that our membership has grown over 100% since 1986, thanks to our members, Board of Directors, and our outstanding magazine.

Hope you have a great summer, Mary (my right hand) and I will see you in November.

Carmel "Bud" Tackett President

Front Cover: An indented gorget from the collection of Ron Helman, Sidney, Ohio. This green banded slate indented gorget was found in Ohio on June 2,1870 by A J. Flick. It was originally collected by the late Phil Kientz of German Village, Columbus, Ohio. It was later in the Jack Hooks collection.

Like many such rare gorgets, it has engraving, this example having a series of geometric incised blocks alternately along its length.

3

THE LAUREL RUN ROCK SHELTER by

Wayne A. Mortine Newcomerstown, Ohio

and Doug Randies Warsaw, Ohio

This article on the Laurel Run Rock Shelter is the third in a series of reports based on the collection, photos, and notes of the late Leonard Brown of New­comerstown, Ohio (see Mortine and Ran­dies 1995, 1996). Brown's excavations at the shelter consisted of several "test pits," and the date "1968" written on some of the artifacts from the site in his collection gives us the time frame that he was actively excavating at the site. In the following pages we will discuss the his­tory of the archaeological work at the Laurel Run shelter carried out by Brown and others and will also describe the arti­facts recovered.

Site Location and Description The Laurel Run Rock Shelter is located

in western New Castle Township, Coshocton County, Ohio. It is situated on the western edge of the Unglaciated Allegheny Plateau physiographic province of eastern Ohio. Laurel Run, which gives the site its name, is slightly over a mile in length. It makes a rapid descent from its origin at 1123 feet above sea level to where it joins the Kokosing River at 839 feet. This juncture is 230 feet above the confluence of the Kokosing and Mohican Rivers. The merger of these two rivers forms the Walhonding River.

The shelter is on the west side of Laurel Run at an elevation of approxi­mately 1000 feet above sea level. The opening of the shelter faces east over­looking the creek. The shelter is beneath a massive sandstone boulder that has been exposed by erosion along the hill­side (Figure 1). The hills near the site reach elevations of over 1200 feet, and the crests of these hills are marked by level areas and gently sloping contours that are now being used for farming activities and pasture fields. Blocks of Upper Mercer flint are found in the narrow stream bed of Laurel Run, and it is obvious from the flint debitage found in the shelter that flint working was an important activity of the shelter's prehis­toric inhabitants.

The height of the shelter at the entrance is approximately six feet (Figure 2). The depth of the main occupation area is fifteen feet and the length is 35 feet (Figure 3). Other parts of the shelter could have been utilized, but these are generally smaller areas posit ioned between large blocks of rock fall. One of the features of the site is a large block of rock fall at the entrance of the shelter. What is locally referred to as a "hominy

bowl" or hominy hole had been carved into this block of stone. Sometime in this present century a section of the block containing the hominy hole was cut away and removed from the site (Figure 4). By checking Brown's photos we can tell that it had been removed sometime before 1968. The removal was accomplished by cutting out a rectangular section 24 inches by 39 inches with a depth of 13 inches. A local contact supplied us with a photo of the hominy hole at its present home (Figure 5). Similar hominy holes have been reported from a number of rock shelters in eastern Ohio. Examples include one reported from the Weir Rock Shelter in Washington County (Hallock 1982) and one each at the Doughty Hollow Rock Shelter, Taylor Rock Shelter, and Horseshoe Cave, all in Muskingum County (Carskadden and Morton 1982). In each of these examples the hominy holes were sunk into the tops of large blocks of roof fall at or near the shelter entrance.

Early Archaeological Activities at the Shelter

In talking with residents of the area we have learned that the Laurel Run Rock Shelter was a well known attraction for hunters as well as local Indian relic col­lectors, who would on occasion sift through the top layer of soil on the floor of the shelter looking for artifacts. The evidence we have for the earliest historic period visitor to the site is an 1880 penny that was found in one of Leonard Brown's test pits. He also recovered a bone-handled jack knife. Another historic find from the site was a reed stem pipe. Similar clay pipes were being manufac­tured by potteries at Point Pleasant, Ohio around 1880-1910 (Murphy 1995). A photo of this artifact and a drilled turtle shell (also found in the shelter) was given to us by a local contact (Figure 6). The earliest date that we could find carved into the rocks at the shelter was 1958.

The first mention of the shelter in an archaeological context was by Prufer and Shane (1970:243). The site is shown on their distribution map of Fort Ancient and related sites in Ohio. A second account, which mentions excavations at the site, was reported by A.J. Allen (1986) in his 25 year history of the Sugarcreek Valley Chapter of the A.S.O. The brief text of the report (p. 26) merely states that: "In the early 1970s some controlled excavating was done by Janice Whitman and her family assisted by volunteer members of

the chapter." Included in this report (page 78) were two photos. One shows Al Revnik, Janice Whitman, and young members of the Whitman family at the site. While the quality of both photos can be considered only fair, approximately four excavation squares in the main occupation area of the site can be distin­guished. The other photo is captioned "Artifacts from the Laurel Run Rock Shelter," and shows approximately 24 items, including archaic projectile points, that presumably were recovered by Revnik and the Whitman family. Revnik stated to the senior author (personal communication) that he and Whitman worked at the site for only one day. Revnik also remarked that he was unaware of what happened to the arti­facts found in their excavation. Both Whitman and Revnik are deceased.

Leonard Brown's Excavations at Laurel Run

There are six photos of Brown's work at the shelter. On the back of four of these were notations pertaining to what was depicted in the photo. One photo (Figure 7) shows the in situ find of a large biface and a triangular "knife" (Figure 7). The note on the back of this photo states reads "A 6-1/4 inch knife and tri­angular knife found on fire pit edge, eight inches below surface. Flint celt found in fire pit ashes." On the back of another photo was a notation referring to the location as "Welling Rock Shelter, New Castle, Ohio." We believe that this refers to long-time A.S.O. member Carroll Welling, who collected artifacts in the area and was the individual who showed the site to Brown. Welling was also given credit by Prufer and Shane for uncov­ering a large rim (reconstructed from 13 sherds) of a shell tempered Fort Ancient vessel from the site (Figure 8). The pot­tery vessel was probably shown to Prufer and Shane by Welling, and its occurrence in the shelter prompted them to include the Laurel Run shelter on their distribution map of Fort Ancient and related sites in Ohio (Prufer and Shane 1970:243). Welling may have done some testing at the shelter prior to showing the site to Leonard Brown, or may have helped Brown with his excavations.

Ceramics and Stone Artifacts from the Shelter

In addition to the shell tempered rim sherd just mentioned, a small assem­blage of ceramic sherds were also found

4

by Brown in his test pits (Figures 9 and 10). The Early Woodland is represented by 13 p la in s u r f a c e d , gr i t t e m p e r e d sherds, with a mean thickness of 11 mm. In the Musk ingum Valley, pot tery this thick can usually be dated to the early Adena per iod, thus it is not surprising that Brown also found a f ragmentary early Adena projectile point in the shelter deposit (Figure 11).

Seventeen cordmarked, grit tempered sherds f rom the shelter, wi th a mean thickness of 6 mm, probably represent the Late Woodland period, as do several Chesser points and "Chesser knives" found by Brown (Figure 12). One of the Late Woodland sherds was a small rim s e c t i o n w i t h a r o u n d e d l ip and smoo thed -ove r co rdmarked sur face. Another cordmarked, grit tempered sherd found by Brown at the shelter showed t races of shell in the temper ing , and probably dates to early in the Late Pre­historic period.

In addition to the shell tempered rim sherd found by Welling, four plain shell tempered body sherds (mean thickness 7 mm), poss ib ly f rom the same vessel , were also found by Brown. The shell tem­pered pottery from Laurel Run appears to be Philo Punctate. This pottery type has been documented from a number of late 13th century Philo Phase Fort Ancient vil­lages along the Muskingum River (Gartley et al. 1976; Mortine and Randies 1988). Philo Punctate has been descr ibed by Gart ley a p la in , shell t empered ware charac te r i zed by a row of punc ta tes around the lower rim or neck of each vessel. The preponderance of lug han­dles rather than straps and the paucity of decorative motifs other than punctates d is t inguish Philo Punctate f rom other middle Fort Ancient pottery types found elsewhere in southern Ohio.

Worked Shell and Bone There were nine pieces of fresh water

mussel shells in Brown's col lect ion of material from the shelter. Three had been

mod i f i ed (Figure 14); one was in the shape of a pendant with a hole dril led in to the rounded t ip for s t r i ng ing or a t tachment . The other two exh ib i ted grinding on the outer edges and were probably used for some utilitarian pur­pose such as spoons. Similar worked shell pendants and spoons were found at the predominantly Late Woodland White Rocks shelter (Ormerod 1983). There was also one broken tip fragment of a splinter bone awl (Figure 12).

Concluding Remarks Even with the small amount of material

evidence available to us we can still draw some conclusions about the prehistoric occupa t i ons at the Laurel Run Rock Shelter. The Archaic per iod is repre­sented by several point types found by Whitman during her limited excavation of t he main f loo r area of the she l te r . Brown's excavation near the hominy hole produced evidence of early Adena and Late Woodland occupat ions. The early Adena occupation is represented by the thick smooth grit tempered pottery and the stemmed projectile point fragment. The Late Woodland is represented by the thinner cordmarked grit tempered pottery and Chesser po in ts and kn ives. The presence of Philo Punctate pottery at Laurel Run indicates that the late 13th-cen tu r y Phi lo Phase peop les had extended their range of activities, how­ever brief, beyond the main valley of the Musk ingum to the headwaters of the Walhonding River. As noted previously, the presence of flint outcrops in and near the valley of Laurel Run may have been a major reason for prehistoric peoples to visit the shelter.

In conclusion, it is our hope that this article will give a glimpse of the prehis­toric events that occurred at this rock shelter. We wish to thank the property owners for permission to examine the site and the members of Leonard Brown's family for their cooperation and support. Others who helped us with this report are

Jeff Carskadden, Ensil Chadwick, James Morton, and Bonnie Mortine.

References

Allen, Arthur J. 1986 The History of the Sugarcreek Valley

Chapter of the Archaeological Society of Ohio (25 years 1961-1986). Sugar­creek Valley Chapter, Archaeological Society of Ohio.

Carskadden, Jeff and James Morton 1982 Adamsville Rock Drawings.

Ohio Archaeologist 32(3):4-7.

Gartley, Richard, Jeff Carskadden and James Morton 1976 Ceramics from the Philo II Site. Penn­

sylvania Archaeologist 46(12):55-75.

Hallock, Reed J. 1982 The Weir rock shelter: A Report of a

Text Excavation in Washington County, Ohio. Ohio Archaeologist 32(3):32-35.

Mortine, Wayne A. and Doug Randies 1988 Ceramics from the Tumblin Site, a Fort

Ancient Village in Coshocton County, Ohio. Ohio Archaeologist 38(3):39-44.

1995 The Powelson Site: An Adena Mound in the Lower Tuscarawas River Valley. Ohio Archaeologist 45(4): 14-16.

1996 The Young Site: A Chert Processing Site in Coshocton County, Ohio. Ohio Archaeologist 46(4):4-11.

Murphy, James L. 1995 Another Perspective on Point Pleasant

Pottery Pipes. Ohio Archaeologist 45(1):31-34.

Ormerod, Dana E. 1983 White Rocks: A Woodland rock shelter

in Monroe County, Ohio. Kent State Research Papers in Archaeology 4, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio.

Prufer, Olaf H. and Orrin C. Shane III 1970 The Blain Village and the Fort Ancient

Tradition in Ohio. The Kent State Uni­versity Press, Kent, Ohio.

. * » - < * Figure 1 (Mortine and Randies) Laurel Run Rock Shelter. Figure 2 (Mortine and Randies) Randies at entrance to Laurel Run

Rock Shelter.

WHITMAN EXCAVATI

BACK WALL

s ONS

BROWNS EXCAVATION

. FIRE PIT

ROCK ]

MAIN OCCUPATION AREA

LAUREL RUN SHELTER COSHOCTON COUNTY. OHIO

HOM1NEY HOLE

Figure 3 (Mortine and Randies) Map of Laurel Run shelter showing the areas excavated by Janice Whitman and Leonard Brown. Not drawn to exact scale.

Figure 4 (Mortine and Randies) Photo showing "hominy bowl" rock at Randies' right shoulder. The rectangular from where the bowl was removed can be seen on the upper face of the rock.

Figure 5 (Mortine and Randies) "Hominy bowl" in its present condition (1996). Figure 6 (Mortine and Randies) Late 19th-century historic pipe and drilled turtle carapace. Drilling is on the lower right of the shell. Both artifacts were found in the shelter.

Figure 7 (Mortine and Randies) The first artifact in the top row and the large biface in the bottom row were found on the edge of the fire pit that was uncovered eight inches below the surface of the shelter floor. The second artifact in the top row was found in the ashes of the same fire pit.

M Figure 8 (Mortine and Randies) Recon­structed rim of a shell tempered smooth sur­face Philo Punctate pottery vessel found at the shelter. Photo cour­tesy of James Morton.

6

•4 Figure 9 (Mortine and Randies) Top row; two shell tempered pottery sherds. Bottom row; first sherd is early Adena, second sherd is cordmarked grit tem­pered Late Woodland Peters Cordmarked.

•^ Figure 11 (Mortine and Randies) Top row; the first artifact is a basal portion of an early Adena stemmed projectile point. The remaining artifacts in this row include crude tri­angular preforms and the tip from a splinter bone awl. Bottom row; crude prismatic blades, probably Late Woodland.

•^ Figure 13 (Mortine and Randies) Included here are several possible Late Woodland Chesser knives, although the first artifact in the bottom row exhibits grinding at the break and may have been the tip of a true Piano lanceolate.

raa • • M H B M

Figure 10 (Mortine and Randies) Top row; cordmarked sherd with both grit and shell tempering. Bottom row; two Late Wood­land Peters Cordmarked sherds. The second sherd in this row is a small rim section.

Figure 12 (Mortine and Randies) Top row; first and second points are Late Woodland Chesser Notched. The third point may also be Late Woodland. Bottom row, Late Woodland Chesser knives.

Editor's note: Points and blades similar to those shown in Figures 12 and 13 have been found on numerous Hopewell Middle Woodland sites.

Figure 14 (Mortine and Randies) The first and third shells have smoothed edges and may have been used as spoons. The middle shell has been drilled and is probably a shell pendant.

WORKED STONE FROM BROWN'S TEST PITS TABLE 1

TYPE NUMBER

1. Early Woodland (Adena Stemmed) 1

2. Chesser Notched (Late Woodland) 2

3. Chesser knives (Late Woodland) 3

4. Jack's Reef point (Late Woodland) 1

5. Crude Triangular forms 2

6. Bifacial Knives/blanks 4

7. Hammerstone 1

8. Crude pestle 1

9. Miscellaneous (tips, centers, etc.) 9

10. Prismatic Blades (Late Woodland) 10*

11. Lanceolate shaped bases 3* Subtotal Brown's collection 37 Subtotal Whitman's excavation 24

Total 61

Cruder prismatic blades and square based lanceolate points also occur in a Late Woodland context at the Chesser Cave site (1970). For stone artifacts see Fig. 11,12,13.

7

A CROWFIELD POINT FROM KNOX COUNTY by

Walt Sperry 6910 Range Line Road Mt. Vernon, Ohio 43050

In February 1992, while surface hunting on my family farm site, I was fortunate to find this rare and unusual fluted point. Based on the site report by D. Brian Deller and C.J. Ellis of the Crowfield Site, Middlesex County, Ontario, Canada, this is a Crowfield Point. It is made from Upper Mercer flint. It is 21/s inches long, 1 Vs inches wide, and 3/« of an inch thick.

This Crowfield point has many distinc­tive features. This point is extremely thin and broad and is pentagonal shaped. Its widest point is at or very near the center.

The flutes on each side of the point are 1>2 inches long and % inch wide. Associ­ated with each main flute is one or two pseudoflutes or thinning flakes. The stem is about Vi the length of the point and tapers down quickly to a concave base about half the width of the point. It has been heavily ground. According to the Crowfield Site Report, the southern most distribution of this point is northern Ohio. Since I found this point in central Ohio, the range of the Paleo - Indians who man­ufactured this point is greatly expanded.

Because of this and the fact that I have cataloged this point in my collection, this is a very significant find that will aid in the study of the Paleo - Indian.

Reference Deller, D. Brian and Ellis, C.J. 1984 Archaeology of Eastern North America,

Vol. 12, Crowfield: A Preliminary Report on a Probable Paleo-lndian Cremation in Southwestern Ontario, pg 41 -71

Carles, Rick Personal Conversation

Figure 1 (Sperry) Obverse and reverse of Paleo Point from Knox County.

8

SIX SOUTHERN INDIANA CACHE BLADES by

Robert N. Converse 199 Converse Drive

Plain City, Ohio

This cache of six bi-pointed blades was found in Jefferson County Indiana. The largest is 93A inches long and the smallest 7'A inches. The blades have gone through a number of old collections and were separated for several years -they are now together again in the collec­tion of Larry Dyer, Columbus, Indiana.

Such blades are typical of the Red Ocher culture and have been found in

usually small caches from Illinois to Ohio. Rarely are they made of any material other than Indiana homstone (sometimes called Wyandotte chert) which is found in Har­rison County, Indiana, and surrounding counties. It is nodular in form and quite often the crust of the nodules can be seen on the edges of the blades. These blades are related to the Turkeytail point - also found from Illinois to Ohio - which is

sometimes discovered in large spectacular caches of several hundred examples.

This cache was apparently originally in the collection of Colonel Bennett Young of Kentucky and was sold probably in 1941. Colonel Bennett Young is better known for his book Primitive Man in Kentucky pub­lished in the early 1900s.

Figure 1 (Converse) Cache of Red Ocher blades in the collection of Larry Dyer. Largest blade is 9 3A inches long.

A CARTER CAVE DOVETAIL by

Elaine Holzapfel 415 Memorial Drive

Greenville, OH 45331

Although Dovetails can be made of nearly any kind of material, they are rarely made of Carter Cave flint. This colorful stone was known to most Ohio cultures and it is not unusual to see Paleo and Piano points made from it. The Carter Cave deposits were also known to all Ohio Archaic groups and points and tools made this high quality flint can be seen in collections as far from its source as north central Ohio and as far west as the Indiana line.

Carter Cave flint is found in two primary colors - a bright yellow orange with cream or darker streaks, and cream colored with tinges or streaks of orange. Often there are streaks with pinpoint porous inclusions. In its many color combinations it can contain purple, green and maroon tints.

The Dovetail in the accompanying plate is made of orange Carter Cave flint. It was found in Clermont County, Ohio, and appears to have never been resharpened as are many Dovetails.

Figure 1 (Holzapfel) Carter Cave Dovetail from Clermont County, Ohio. Shown in full 53A" in size.

10

SCENES FROM ARCHAEOLOGICAL SOCIETY MEETINGS Photographs courtesy Frank Otto

Lawrence "Red" Tulley Martha Otto Jim Hahn, Bob Converse, & Larry Morris

Carl Safranski

Dr. Michael Gramly Doug Hooks Jim Bartlett & Greg Shipley Dr. Jeb Bowen

Billy Hillen Barbara Gehlbach Nancy Morris Scott Haskins

Bill Likens Greg Johns

Archaeological

Paul Wildermuth Jim Beckman

11

RE-EXAMINATION OF A FLUTED POINT FROM LOGAN COUNTY, OHIO INDICATES THAT IT MAY POSSIBLY BE A TRUE FOLSOM TYPE

In 1961 I personally discovered a fluted point fragment on the Knief site in Logan County (Britt, 1970 and 1994). This point is registered as Fluted Point No. 115 in the Survey of Ohio Fluted Points No. 5 (Prufer, 1961). It was l is ted as being made from Elkhorn Creek flint which we now know to be Carter Cave f l int . In addit ion to being i l lustrated by Prufer, this point was also previously illustrated in the Ohio Archaeologist a long wi th other f l int art i facts f rom the Knief site (Britt, 1970: 194, Fig. 2a). It is being re-i l lustrated here (Fig. 1) along with two classic western Folsoms for comparison.

Converse (1994:8) states that most of the Ohio fluted points are indistinguishable from Clovis points found in the West which were assoc ia ted wi th the Ple istocene mammoth. Most archaeologists now use the term Clovis when referring to Ohio fluted points. Back in 1961 when I discov­ered the point fragment on the Knief site, even with my limited knowledge of fluted points back then, I recognized that it was different from other fluted points in Ohio collections. This point was very thin and it appeared that the flutes on both sides may have extended completely down to the tip (which is characteristic of true Folsoms). We'll never know for sure because the tip is missing. Likewise, the basal portion is also missing so we'll never know if it origi­nally had the basal "nipple" characteristic of Folsoms.

Converse (1994:8, 2nd drawing from right) illustrates an Ohio fluted point with a flute almost to the tip. In other morpholog­ical features this point does not resemble the Folsom type. It could be that my Knief

by Claude Britt, Jr.

P.O. Box 131 Rockville, Indiana 47872-0131

s i te f i nd is wha t Converse (1994:8) describes as being a "smaller decadent variety made during the latter part of the Paleo Period". To my knowledge, no true Folsoms have been reported for Ohio. They are extremely rare east of the Missis­sippi. Justice (1987:29) states that Fol­soms have been repor ted by var ious authors from Wisconsin, Illinois, Missouri, and northwest Louisiana. According to Perino (1985:134) at least 40 Folsoms are known from West-central Illinois. He also reports that true Folsoms have been found in Michigan. He (Perino, 1985:134) illus­trates a Michigan Folsom point wh ich appears identical to Western forms. In view of this, it is possible that an occasional stray Folsom type point could have found its way into Ohio, al though the extinct bison of the Plains were probably mostly lacking from Ohio in Paleo-lndian times.

The Knief site fluted point fragment is made from Carter Cave flint, a material which Converse (1994:8) says is rare in fluted points. Prufer and Baby (1963:44-45) report that only 2 .5% of 273 fluted points studied were fashioned from this mater ia l ( then ca l led "E lkhorn Creek flint"). I know of no reported Folsom-type points from Kentucky. Regardless of the classification of the Knief site specimen, one thing is certain: the point was made from Kentucky flint and left behind at a site along the Miami River in West-central Ohio. This is understandable considering the nomadic life of the Paleo-lndians.

Concluding Remarks The Knief site fluted point is of interest

for two reasons. First, it was manufac­

tured from a material from Kentucky which is not common in Ohio fluted points, and second, it more closely resembles Folsom points than it does the Clovis type. If any of the readers have knowledge of other Ohio fluted points that resemble Western Folsoms, I'd like to hear from you at the above address.

References

Britt, Claude Jr. 1970 A Preliminary Report on the Knief Site:

A Pre-ceramic site in Logan County, Ohio. Ohio Archaeologist 20(2): 192-194 and 217.

1994 A Re-examination of Lithic Raw Materials from the Knief Site in Logan County collected by Watkins more than 25 years ago. Ohio Archaeologist 44(2):17.

Converse, Robert N. 1994 Ohio Flint Types. Archaeological

Society of Ohio.

Justice, Noel D. 1987 Stone Age Spear and Arrow Points

of the Midcontinental and Eastern United States. Indiana Univ. Press. Bloomington.

Perino, Gregory 1985 Selected Preforms, Points, and Knives

of the North American Indian. Vol. 1. Points and Barbs Press, Idabel, Okla.

Prufer, O.H. 1961 Survey of Ohio Fluted Points No. 5.

Cleveland Museum of Natural History.

Prufer, O.H. and R.S. Baby 1963 Paleo-lndians of Ohio.

Ohio Hist. Soc. Columbus.

•^ Figure 1 (Britt) The fluted point fragment shown (a) was found by this author on the Knief Site in Logan County, Ohio. It resembles true Folsom points. Two Western Folsoms for com­parison, shown in b and c, were drawn from plaster casts. Center point measures 2.4 inches.

12

Shown in Figure 1 is an assortment of Ft. Ancient Culture artifacts which were excavated by the old-time, prominent collector, Philip Kientz, of Columbus, Ohio, who is now deceased. The artifacts were acquired from Mr. Kientz in the late 1960's and they bear his labels as having been excavated in the 1930's and 1940's

PHILIP KIENTZ ARTIFACTS by

David W. Kuhn 2103 Grandview Avenue Portsmouth, Ohio 45662

from various Ft. Ancient Culture sites in Southern Ohio, mostly the Feurt Mounds and Village Site in Scioto County.

The shell hoe at top center in Figure 1 is 4%" long, and included in the assort­ment are bone awls of deer ulna, turkey tarso metatarsus and bone slivers, (some are notched and engraved), mussel shell

hoes, antler flakers and arrowheads, pins, needles, whistles or flutes made of duck leg bones, drilled bear and wolf teeth, a drilled deer knuckle, a tubular bone bead and necklace, magnificent flint points some made of Flint Ridge chal­cedony, a drilled raccoon penis bone and a superb fish hook at lower right in Fig. 1.

Figure 1 (Kuhn) Ft. Ancient Culture artifacts excavated by Philip Kientz in Southern Ohio during the 1930's and 1940's.

13

THE STORY OF AN ADENA MOUND by

D.R. Gehlbach 3400 Sciotangy Dr.

Columbus, Ohio

One of the most unfortunate chapters in archaeology is the disappearance of well-known archaeological sites in our own area. Such was the fate of the Toepfner Mound, an outstanding example of Adena mound construction dated at around 2,400 years ago. Because of the sale of the property where the mound was situated for the construction of a truck terminal, a signifi­cant monument of the Adena culture was leveled early in 1954.

This is not the report of an excavation project, however, but is the partial history of the Toepfner mound before 1954 when it was a local landmark in the late 1800s.

On February 2, 1888, Prosper M. Wet-more of Columbus sent a letter to G. F. Wright, Editor of the Ohio Archaeological and Historical Quarterly, listing the known archaeological sites in Franklin County, Ohio. On page six he mentions a large mound on the farm of J. R. Anderson two miles northwest of Columbus on the north bank of the Scioto River. It is described as being two hundred feet in diameter at the base and thirty feet high. Two years later, the Anderson mound had become the W. A. Pope mound and was called by its new owner the most beautiful and best pre­served mound in Franklin County. It was recorded by James Linn Rodgers, 1892 author of Ancient Earthworks in Franklin County, as commanding such a favorable location that from its summit the whole southward sweep of valley bottom lands could be seen.

For some reason it was described at this time as only twenty one feet high. Rodgers further indicated that local tradi­

tion had assigned to this mound the pur­pose of marking the head of the valley and as serving as a station in one of a chain of important signal mounds. It was noted by Rodgers that Mr. Pope jealously guarded it and kept it in a nearly perfect state of preservation "as the lapse of time and fret of the elements will permit." In taking pride in its condition, Mr. Pope "encourages nature in covering its sur­face every season with a beautiful sod protecting it at all costs from injury." Such protection was unusual in 1890 in light of the then popular exploration of Indian mounds.

Mr. Pope was apparently an avid ama­teur archaeologist and described fea­tures uncovered during a tree planting at the mound including several large stones which were set at right angles from the slope. Adjacent to this "curbing" he found a mass of hard clay. At another time while digging a hole for a flagpole on its summit, he noticed clearly defined stratification and at a depth of three feet he found clay containing charred wood. The curbing, he assumed, indicated the mound had a continuous base protection of stones and that the burned area was part of a sacrificial altar "so common to these works." Mr. Pope felt the mound was of great antiquity since several years earlier he dug from it stumps of walnut trees three feet in diameter.

Mr. Pope also investigated a mound a short distance away on the second terrace of the Scioto (near the current location of the Grandview Heights Fire Station). The mound was ten feet high and sixty five feet in diameter and contained five burials "all placed in a sitting posture."

The Toepfner mound received its name from its final owner who bought the prop­erty for an automobile dealership which never materialized. It was excavated by Raymond S. Baby of the Ohio Historical Society in the winter of 1953-54. No report on its excavation was written. He discovered 85 burials and typical Adena artifacts including two-hole gorgets drilled from one side in the classic Adena style. The total of four gorgets included two of sandstone and two of banded slate - one a bow-tie type and the other three rectan­gular. Two expanded center gorgets were also found - one partially drilled of slate and the other an undrilled example of limestone. Two pipes were excavated -one a classic pipestone tube and the other a rare style which had an acutely curved stem end. Several granite celts were also excavated as were classic flint artifacts including Adena blades and fin­ished points of Flint Ridge flint and Coshocton flint associated with the late phases of the mound. Also present were copper beads, worked shell, bone tools and numerous potsherds. The final inven­tory included two cones, one of limestone and one of galena.

Unfortunately, all vestiges of the Toepfner mound are gone. As a young man, I can clearly remember this mound located only two miles from our family residence. My recollection includes the excavation by Raymond Baby and the curiosity about its contents and the people who built it. It was my introduction to archaeology and it stimulated a lifelong interest in archaeological research and the documentation of this and other fasci­nating aspects of Ohio prehistory.

14

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15

THE WARSAW (ADENA?) PSEUDOLITH by

John R. White Rocky Falleti Professor of Anthropology anc j 176 Clarencedale Avenue

Department of Sociology/Anthropology Youngstown, Ohio 44512 Youngstown State University

An unusual stone artifact from north central Ohio has some remarkable similar­ities to the iconography found on certain Adena artifacts. Unfortunately, however, its use or function is problematic.

Circumstances of the Finding This unusual stone artifact described

herein was initially found in October 1988 by Jim Marino of Youngstown, Ohio. He and his reconnaissance partner Rocky Falleti were walking a recently plowed and muddy field near Warsaw in Coshocton County, Ohio when he picked up the interesting cobble. At first blush, they thought they were looking at a stone badly scarred with plow marks, but the outline was too provocative to ignore and they took it to a puddle to clean off the excess mud. What were originally believed to be plow marks turned out to be the result of purposeful engraving.

The Artifact The fist-sized artifact is an amorphous,

waterworn, hematite ("kidney ore") cobble with no signs of surface modifica­tion apart from the artificial engraving on it. Kidney-colored overall, the engraved lines appear to have a dark stain in them. This discoloration may, or may not, be the result of differential weathering and/or chemical reactions taking place against the pecked groove during the course of its long exposure to the ele­ments. The artifact measures 8.2 cm x 6.2 cm x 4.2 cm along its longest, widest, and thickest axes respectively.

On the obverse side of the cobble there is an engraving of what appears to be a humanoid figure (Fig. 1). Done in a kind of bas-relief, the figure has a round head and a face bearing what can only be described as a broad grin. The stubby figure is standing arms akimbo. Extending down from the right side (the viewer's left) of the figure are what appear to to be three braided ropes or feathers. The engraving is crudely ren­dered and there seems to have been no attempt at working with the stone's nat­ural and irregular contours.

A first glance at the reverse side gives us the well-defined profile of the notorious "Joe Camel". On closer examination we can see that the "camel" is in actuality a rapto­rial bird (Fig. 2) much like the iconograph found in Webb and Baby (1957: 89) and representing the head of a raptor (Fig. 3).

Below the head and vaguely attached by an engraved line is an elongated and closed loop (not unlike a stretched

rubber band). This linear symbol is, again, very much like the iconograph rep­resented in Webb and Baby (1957: 89) as symbolizing the raptor's body (Fig. 3).

Comparison to Other Adena Artifacts [With Comments]

There are several points of comparison between the engravings on the Warsaw cobble and better-known artifacts puta-tively Adena in origin. Let's take the iconograph of the raptorial bird first. The raptorial bird head on the obverse side of the pebble is quite similar in its rendering to that found on the stone Berlin Tablet discussed by Webb and Baby (1957:85) and Willey (1966:272). The Warsaw raptor also bears strong resemblance to the recovered fragment of the shale Wright Tablet. Although a full half of that tablet is missing, the head, portion of the body, and wing are present. Nor are the analogs confined to just stone.

There are somewhat striking similari­ties between the Warsaw raptor and that found on the gorget fashioned from a human skull cap (Fig. 4) which was exca­vated from the Florence Mound in Ohio (Morgan 1938) and reported on by Webb and Baby (1957:94)

[Comment: In a paper delivered to the Ohio Academy of Science in 1943, Thomas identified the large-eyed raptor found on several Hopewellian effigy pipes and pieces of wrought copper as a duck hawk. The Berlin and Wright Tablets, as well as the Florence Mound gorget, suggests a similar and earlier use of the duck hawk motif by the Adena.]

The elongated loop thought to repre­sent the bird's body is much like that on the Berlin and Wright Tablets.

The jolly-faced figure cut into the reverse side of the cobble is much more difficult to analogize. There is nothing quite like it in Adena-Hopewell iconography.

[Comment: The well-known Adena Pipe from the Adena Mound in Ross County, Ohio is generally agreed upon as repre­senting an achondroplastic dwarf. Is our stubby or stunted and large-headed figure also a dwarf? Food for thought, at least.]

The Lakin A Tablet (Fig. 5) might offer some insights into at least a bit of the engraving. The tassel-like projections dangling from the waist (wrist?) of the Warsaw figure might be the equivalent of the two lines identified by Webb and Baby (1957:91) on the Lakin A Tablet as "streamers" extending from the wrist and making up part of what they see as a dancer's regalia or they might be analogs

to the two parallel lines, clearly pur­poseful, extending outward from the left side (viewer's right) of the Lakin A figure. No one knows for sure exactly what they represent. For the time being anyhow, we just have to hold with the unsatisfactorily vague term "streamers".

[Comment: While a cursory examina­tion of the "streamers" does give them a decidedly braided or tassel-like appear­ance, a closer look reveals that, in fact, virtually all of the engraved lines, both in the humanoid and in the raptor's head, are "braided". Logic would tend us to the conclusion that rather than an attempt at duplicating reality i.e. creating a braid or feather, the effect is actually a natural result of the pecking or engraving tech­nique employed.]

What Is It? We can only guess as to the use or

function of the Warsaw pseudolith. Since most of the analogs for the raptorial bird were found on Adena tablets, it might be tempting to conclude that their function was the same as that of our lithic spec­imen. Based on their shape (smooth, flat, thin, and rectangular), size (hand-sized), and other physical characteristics (the iconographs), Webb and Baby (1957:96) offer the interpretation that the engraved Adena tablets were designed as stamps for placing sacred iconographs onto the bodies or garb of individuals on special occasions. Certainly this is consistent with the evidence and the context in which the tablets were found. We must not forget, however, the other characteristic shared by most of the tablets, i.e. the presence on their reverse side of deep abrasion grooves. In other words, whatever their pri­mary or ultimate function was, they did serve as whetstones. If you concede the argument that the tablets were stamps, add to that the fact that they were used as abrading stones, and factor in the context of the tabular forms found in situ by Mills in his excavation of the Adena Mound (1902:469), you get an even more specific interpretation. In a private correspondence to Willey, Albert Spaulding indicated his belief that since these tablets were found with bundles of exceedingly sharp bone needles or awls and because many of the tablets bore sharpening grooves on their reverse side, they might have seen use as stamps in outlining tattooing designs on the human body (Willey 1966:272). Mills' elaborate Adena Mound burial may well have been a tattoo artist. Albeit a highly revered and sacred one.

16

Unfortunately, however, our art i fact does not meet the most critical physical prerequisite of such a stamp. It is not flat. The Warsaw artifact is globular in shape and its erratically contoured surface miti­gates against its use in th is manner. Al lowing that it 's authentic, what is it? Any ideas? The authors welcome any suggestions as to its use, origins, etc.

References Morgan, Richard G. 1938 Florence Mound Field Notes.

Papers filed in Ohio Historical Preservation Office.

Mills, William C. 1902 Excavations of the Adena Mound. Ohio

Archaeological and Historical Quarterly 10 (4): 452-479.

Thomas, Edward 1943 Birds and Animals as Depicted by

Hopewellian Craftsmen. Paper delivered at the Ohio Academy of Science, Columbus, Ohio

Webb, William S. and Raymond Baby 1957 The Adena People No. 2. Ohio

Historical Society: Columbus.

Willey, Gordon R. 1966 An Introduction to American Archae­

ology, Volume One: North and Middle America. Prentice-Hall: Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey.

Figure 1 (White I Falleti) Obverse side of Warsaw specimen showing engraving of a humanoid (Photo: Carl Leet)

Figure 2 (White/Falleti) Reverse side of Warsaw specimen with engraved raptorial bird profile (Photo: Carl Leet)

•4 Figure 3 (White/Falleti) Iconograph of raptor head and body (Webb and Baby 1957)

•4 Figure 4 (White/Falleti) Florence Mound skull cap gorget (Webb and Baby 1957) Figure 5 (White/Falleti) Lakin A Tablet (Webb and Baby 1957)

17

THE FORT MEIGS PIPE TOMAHAWK by

Jeff Dearth

Following the defeat of the Indians at Fallen Timbers in 1794 and the signing of the Greenville Treaty in 1795, the North­west Territory was opened for settlement. The fol lowing years saw hostilities and conf l ic ts between the Ohio tr ibes and new settlers. The Indians cont inued to trade with the British and received not only their trade but their protection and influence. Smarting from their defeats, both the British and the Indians harbored a mu tua l d i s l i ke of t he A m e r i c a n s because of the expanding development in the Ohio country. As time went on they became even closer allies.

The defeat of Tecumseh's brother, the Prophet, at the Battle of Tippecanoe in 1811, left the Indians demoralized when they were again forced to move f rom their village sites. Thus the stage was set for the War of 1812 which was officially declared on June 18th. Some historians have referred to the War of 1812 as the second Revolutionary War.

After the defeat of the Americans at the River Rais in and o c c u p a t i o n of Fort Detroit by the British, William Henry Har­rison was commiss ioned to fort i fy the Northwest Territory. Amassing an army of eighteen hundred men, Harrison left Fort Wayne and traveled down the Maumee to the site of Fort Defiance. Here at the junct ion of the Auglaize and Maumee rivers he refortified and garrisoned the o ld fo r t and then p r o c e e d e d to the

Rapids of the Maumee. On a plateau located on the south side of the river they built a large fort which was named Fort Meigs in honor of the Governor of Ohio.

The fort encompassed over nine acres and had a c o m m a n d i n g v iew of t he Maumee and the surrounding country­side. The British viewed this new fortifi­cation as more than a defensive move. They also considered it a threat to Fort Detroit and control of Lake Erie as well as a possible footho ld for an invasion of Canada. Therefore, in April of 1813, three thousand troops under General Proctor along with two thousand Indians from the allied tribes under Tecumseh, marched on Fort Meigs. The Brit ish and Indian forces established positions on both side of the river and surrounded the fort. Thus began the siege of Fort Meigs.

After several months of cannonading, skirmishes and direct attacks on the fort, they withdrew and, following an unsuc­cess fu l a t t e m p t to des t roy Fort Stephenson on the Sandusky River, the army returned to Fort Detroit. They felt secure in their position since the British controlled Lake Erie. However, this soon changed when the American fleet under the leadership of Oliver Hazard Perry destroyed the British fleet at the Battle of Lake Erie near Put-in Bay.

Encouraged by these victor ies, Har­r ison d i r e c t e d an o f f ens i ve aga ins t Detroit. Fearing an engagement, Proctor

and his army re t rea ted in to Canada before the approaching American army. Ignoring Tecumseh's pleas to face the enemy Proc to r ' s fo rces con t inued to withdraw until finally he agreed to fight when Tecumseh threatened abandon­ment. The British and Indians chose a site near Moraviantown on the Thames River to engage the Americans. Shortly after f ight ing began the Brit ish t roops retreated leaving their Indian allies to f igh t the A m e r i c a n army. The bat t le ended with the death of Tecumseh and for all intents and purposes so did the War of 1812.

Today, a reconstructed fort preserves the site of Fort Meigs. While viewing the beautiful river one can with a little imagi­nation, reconstruct the battles that took p lace a long th i s scen i c par t of t he Maumee River.

The tomahawk shown in the accompa­nying pictures was found at the site of Fort Meigs. The bowl is of a unique design being octagonal in shape with a cylindrical interior. The end of the bowl is compressed adding to its symmetry. The interior of the eye and bowl indicate this tomahawk was made from an old musket barrel.

Further Reading:

The Life of Tecumseh by Drake Tecumseh's Last Stand by Sugden The Frontiersman by Eckert A Sorrow In Our Heart by Eckert

18

M Figure 1 (Dearth) Obverse and reverse of Ft. Meigs tomahawk.

Figure 2 (Dearth) Bowl of tomahawk. Octagonal outline may indicate that it was made from a gun barrel.

Figure 3 (Dearth) Eye of tomahawk

19

A CRAWFORD COUNTY BIRDSTONE by

Robert N. Converse 199 Converse Drive

Plain City, Ohio

Aside from their aboriginal purpose or function, which has been the subject of countless theories and speculations, bird-stones have many intriguing qualities. For example, a number of them are only par­tially drilled or not drilled at all and yet are finished in every other respect. Thus it seems that drilling, a normal characteristic of the birdstone, was not always absolutely required for it to fulfill its mysterious func­tion. On the other hand, the users of bird-stones who broke the drill holes often went to great lengths to drill salvage holes or cut grooves for attachment repair.

The eye is important in nearly all bird-stones. In most banded slate examples, the birdstone was fashioned so that the banding in the slate formed an eye. In those made of slate with no banding a tiny hole indicates the eye.

One of the most puzzling aspects of the birdstone is the presence of tally-marks. Tallymarks are rarely seen on birdstones which were not damaged or otherwise salvaged.

The birdstone shown in the color plate is a splendid example of a salvaged specimen. Apparently in aboriginal times

the nose was slightly damaged. It was then reground to repair it and a tiny mouth incised. Then, since it was a sal­vaged piece, a series of tallymarks was cut along the neck and the back.

This birdstone was found by William Schaffer on his farm in Cranberry Town­ship, east of New Washington, Crawford County, Ohio. Mr Schaffer, who was somewhat of a recluse, owned two farms and walked both of them nearly every day. He probably found the birdstone sometime in the 1920s or 1930s.

20

A GREAT PIPE DUCK EFFIGY by

Robert N. Converse 199 Converse Drive

Plain City, Ohio

This un ique ef f igy p ipe is made of black steatite and was found on the Tol-lett Farm, Hamilton County, Tennessee around 1900. It is in the collection of Len and Jane Weidner, Westerville, Ohio.

Such pipes occur east of the Mississippi from Georgia to Michigan but are rare out­side the Tennessee-Georg ia-Alabama area. They originate with the Copena cul­ture which is related to the Ohio Adena-Hopewell sequence. Strangely, the only documented occurence of such pipes in an archaeological context in Ohio was at the Seip Mound where Henry Shetrone

1931

excava ted several unusual examples References: (Shetrone-Greenman 1931). However, the Seip examples were undoubtedly imported into Ohio as gifts or trade and did not origi­nate with Hopewell.

Most of the great pipes - there are per­haps fifty known examples - are effigies of birds. The Weidner pipe portrays a duck but a number of different animals 1991 are also seen in these large sculptures inc lud ing wo lves , tur t les and even a grasshopper (Converse -1991).

Shetrone, Henry and Greenman, Emerson Explorations of the Seip Group of Pre­historic Earthworks. Ohio Archaeolog­ical and Historical Society Quarterly, Vol. XL No. 3 Columbus

Converse, Robert N. A Great Pipe from the Cincinnati Museum of Natural History. The Ohio Archaeologist Vol 41 No 4 Columbus.

Figure 1 (Converse) Great pipe in the effigy of a duck in the Weidner collection.

21

A VISIT TO THE MAMMOTH SITE IN SOUTH DAKOTA: THE LARGEST CONCENTRATION OF MAMMOTH SKELETONS

IN THE WESTERN HEMISPHERE by

Claude Britt, Jr. P.O. Box 131

Rockville, Indiana 47872-0131

Archaeologists interested in the Paleo-lndians should also be interested in dis­coveries of mammoths, as many of the artifacts of Clovis peoples in the West were associated with mammoth "kill sites". Some of the more famous sites in the West are Blackwater Draw, Lehner, Naco, Murray Springs, to name a few.

Holzapfel (1994) has published an infor­mative and well-illustrated article on mammoths and mastodons in Ohio. After reading her article, I decided to share with the members of the society some infor­mation and photos of the "Mammoth Site" at Hot Springs, South Dakota. In 1994 I returned for awhile to my old stomping grounds in South Dakota where I studied and photographed the world-famous Mammoth Site which is located in the southeast edge of the Black Hills.

The Mammoth Site in South Dakota is not a Paleo-lndian site, but it is of interest to scientists all over the world because it is the largest concentration of complete mammoth skeletons in the Western Hemi­sphere. When I visited the site in 1994 there were also several European scien­tists visiting and photographing the site. Excavations were on-going at the time.

At the Mammoth Site (Fig. 1) a large building (Fig. 2) has been constructed over the entire site to protect it. The com­plete skeletons of more than 50 Columbian Mammoths have been exca­vated thus far and were left in situ. This site is the only place in the world where one can view in situ mammoth bones.

The mammoths became trapped here in a large sink hole 30,000 to 50,000 years ago. The animals went down into the sink hole to bathe in the warm waters, but found that they could not get back out due to the steep, slippery sides of the sink hole. They thus died there. Paleontol­ogists have been excavating the site for several years and are still uncovering additional mammoth skeletons. Scientists estimate there is at least 100 mammoths buried there when they get them all uncovered.

A complete re-assembled mammoth skeleton (Fig. 3) is on display in the museum/sales area of the building. Seven photos of the excavations are shown here (Figs 4-10) which illustrate the in situ dis­play at the site. The building covering the site is huge and individual photos really do not give an idea of the immensity of the site. In addition to the excavation area, the building also contains lots of museum exhibits in glass show cases. Lots of mammoth teeth (Fig 11) are on display in show cases. An interesting exhibit is an articulated foot of a Columbian Mammoth found in the sink hole (Fig. 12). One exhibit at the site shows Woolly Mammoth hair (Fig. 13) which was donated by Russian scientists.

The woolly mammoths and the Columbian mammoths may have existed in the area at the same time or may have come into the area at slightly different periods of time indicating different cli­matic conditions. The site is too old for

the Clovis peoples, all of the mammoths having died at least 30,000 years ago. However, Paleo-lndian activity is well known in surrounding areas at later times. On display at the site are Clovis fluted points from nearby sites (Figs. 14 and 15). Also, on display are worked bone tools from the nearby Lange/Ferguson site (Fig. 16) which were used for a variety of mam­moth butchering tasks.

Summary The Mammoth Site is undoubtedly the

most impressive vertebrate paleontology site in North America. The site is a must for paleontologists and archaeologists to visit when planning a vacation in the Black Hills area. Although there has been much written by various authors as to the probable causes of extinction of the mammoths (see Martin and Wright, 1967 and also Martin and Klein, 1984), we know why the mammoths at the Mam­moth Site died . . . they became trapped in the sink hole!

References

Holzapfel, Elaine 1994 Mammoths and Mastodons in Ohio.

Ohio Archaeologist 44 (4): 7-0

Martin, P.S. and H.E. Wright, Jr. 1967 Pleistocene Extinctions, the search for

a cause. Yale University Press.

Martin, P.S. and Richard G. Klein 1984 Quaternary Extinctions.

Univ. of Arizona Press

22

Figure 1 (Britt) Entrance to the Mammoth Site at Hot Springs, South Dakota.

Figure 2 (Britt) Building covering the Mammoth Site.

Figure 3 (Britt) Mammoth skeleton at the Mammoth Site.

Figure 4 (Britt) Tusk and bones in sjtu at the Mammoth Site.

23

Figure 5 (Britt) Bones in situ at the Mammoth site.

Figure 6 (Britt) Another view of the Mammoth Site showing a large concentration of in situ bones.

m M \ *

F/'gure 7 (Britt) to situ bones at the Mammoth Site.

Figure 8 (Britt) Another heavy concentration of in situ bones at the Mammoth Site.

24

Figure 9 (Britt) Several tusks still in s/fy at the Mammoth Site.

Figure 10 (Britt) Another view of the Mammoth Site showing bones and several tusks in situ.

Figure 11 (Britt) One of the many mammoth teeth on display in show cases at the Mammoth Site.

Figure 12 (Britt) Another of the displays at the Mammoth Site. This is an articulated (intact) Columbian Mammoth foot found in the sink hole.

25

Figure 13 (Britt) Woolly Mammoth hair at the Mammoth Site which was donated by Russian scientists.

Figure 14 (Britt) A Clovis point made of Knife River flint found at a site near the Mammoth Site.

Figure 15 (Britt) More South Dakota Clovis points found near the Mammoth Site.

Figure 16 (Britt) Bone tools on display at the Mammoth Site. These were recovered at the Lange/Ferguson Site in South Dakota and were used for a variety of mammoth butchering tasks.

THE STORMS CREEK SITE by

Robert N. Converse 199 Converse Drive

Plain City, Ohio 43064

The Mad River valley in Champaign and Clark counties was created when the Wis­consin glacier receded and enormous out­f lows of glacial meltwater were carried southward. Even though Mad River valley is several miles wide, Mad River is today only a smal l , narrow and fas t -mov ing stream. The valley is bordered by huge glacial deposits of sand, gravel and glacial till left by the glacier when it squeezed together south of Logan County.

The glacial deposits along Mad River were often used by prehistoric people for cemeter ies because of the easily dug layers of sand and smal l g rave l . Numerous l oca t i ons have p r o d u c e d burials from Glacial Kame culture which flourished from about 2,000 BC to 1,000 B O Large sites were discovered acciden­tally (as have most Glacial Kame sites) at Muzzy's Lake, the Ganson Kame and Mt. Calvary in Tremont City (Converse 1982) along Mad River. Many unreported burials have been found dur ing the course of building construction, farming and quarry operations. Thus, it came as no surprise when, during the construction of a house on a high prominence overlooking Mad River in southern Champaign County, a Glacial Kame cemetery was discovered several years ago.

This glacial hill is situated near the Clark County line at the junction of Valley Pike and Storms Creek road. The site had served as a pasture for an adjacent farm and had never been plowed. The eastern and southern portions of the hill, which were to become the front yard of the new home, had become overgrown with thorn trees and underbrush and a bulldozer was employed to clear the entire area. During removal of the vegetation and leveling of the d isturbed soil a number of human bones were unearthed by the bulldozer about halfway down this approximately fifty-foot high deposit. These bones were unnoticed by the bulldozer operator but the building contractor, Bruce Springer, discovered them during a building site inspection. The contractor estimated that perhaps as many as fifty or more burials had been unearthed. A cursory examina­tion determined that both articulated and bundle burials were probably present all being much disturbed. Later more bones were brought to the surface as work pro­gressed. Accord ing to workers , a few bones were discolored green apparently from the presence of copper and later a few copper beads were found along with two shell beads and two flint projectile points. One artifact, undoubtedly associ­ated with this cemetery, was a highly styl­

ized birdstone found when the site was seeded with grass seed.

From all i nd ica t ions - the mu l t ip le burials which included both extended and bundle styles, the presence of copper and shell beads and a birdstone - the Storms Creek site is typical of the Glacial Kame culture of the late Archaic period. Specifically, the site may be related to the Muzzy's Lake site on Mad River just a few miles to the north and the Mt. Calvary site just south of Storms Creek. The Mt. Cal­vary site was excavated by Arthur Altick, Director of the Clark County Museum in 1933 (Converse 1982).

The a r t i f ac t s f r om S to rms Creek deserve further analysis. Most important are the two flint projectile points since Glacial Kame sites are notorious for their lack of flint artifacts. In fact, some of the largest and most extensive sites known contained no flint artifacts whatever and the few finds which have been reported appear to be haphazard inclusions. The flint art i facts f rom the Wil l iams site in Logan County (Converse 1982) were three projecti les - one a Hopewell- l ike point, one with a straight stem (broken) and the other with the base missing. In nor thern Ohio and southern Ontar io , Meadowood-like points seem to be more a b u n d a n t . At the Duff s i te in Logan County a few small Flint Ridge birdpoints were found in graves. Thus , the t w o points f rom Storms Creek which were probably burial associated, are of impor­tance when trying to determine what kind of f l int project i le points were used by Glacial Kame people in west-central Ohio.

Be fore d i s c u s s i n g these p o i n t s , it should be said that the type of point used by Glacial Kame people - especially in the heartland of the culture in the Hardin-Logan-Champaign county area - has long been a mat te r of pe rp lex i t y . The researcher will be struck by not only their scarcity but the seemingly incongruent varieties of points reported. Hopewell-like points, Birdpoints, Meadowood points and now, at Storms Creek, yet another type. These diversities of projectile styles may be explained as regional expressions of point designs not shared by all partici­pants in the Glacial Kame culture. In other words, peoples around the Great Lakes who participated in various aspects of the Glacial Kame burial cult developed inde­pendent ly their own point styles. It is probable that, even though we like to think of prehistoric cultures in the conve­niently neat concept of each having its own unique projectile type - fluted point for the Paleo-lndians, stemmed points for

Adena, etc. - primitive cultures undoubt­edly had more than one specif ic point type or tool type and could have used any combination of several types.

It is always tenuous at best to place too much emphasis on the analysis of only two points. The practice of naming and defining point types without numerous examples and corroboration from several sources has led to a hodgepodge of point typologies and a cluttering of the litera­ture with a deluge of point type "names". Some of these "named" types are derived from only one specimen and the naming of types has become almost a joke. But given the scarci ty of f l int points f rom Glacial Kame contexts, the points from Storms Creek are important and may lead to clarification of a Glacial Kame type.

The Storms Creek points, at first blush, look like Adena points but they differ in several character ist ics. The stems are decidedly squared and slightly expanded - they are heavily ground from shoulder to shoulder. Flaking of the blades is by percussion and random with less than precise pressure flaking along the edges. One is a little over two inches and the other two and one half inches. Both are of Upper Mercer Coshocton flint - one dull black and the other brownish. Whether these can be considered a Glacial Kame "type" remains to be seen but perhaps similar points will be found in the future in Glacial Kame contexts.

The birdstone was not found directly with the burials but was discovered while grading the house site. It is a highly styl­ized type and has only slight projections representing a head and a tail. The type is called "rudimentary" by Townsend in his Birdstones of the North American Indian (p 655). However, rather than rudimen­tary, it appears to be a very advanced style in which the details needed only to be indicated instead of realistically por­trayed. Such a type may represent the latter stages of birdstone design and may indicate a late Glacial Kame date for the Storms Creek site.

Other associated art i facts were four small copper beads, two pearl beads and a small animal tooth. Other unassociated i tems are shown in Fig. 5. Whi le the stemmed lanceolate in the lower row (no. 5) is clearly not Glacial Kame, nor are the bevel and hafted scraper in the upper row (nos. 4, 5) and the bifurcate (center), the balance of the flint pieces could belong wi th the Glacial Kame assemblage. A miniature axe is an artifact which pre­cedes Glacial Kame - at least none have been thus far found in such contexts.

27

Conclusion The Storms Creek site represents a

typical Glacial Kame cemetery and per­haps the summit of the hill a small habita­tion locus. It is part of a concentration of such sites located along Mad River valley in west central Ohio the nearest being

the Muzzy's Lake and the Mt. Calvary sites. The stylized birdstone may indicate a later site of the culture. The artifact assemblage, although admittedly small, may aid in further research of this little known late Archaic culture.

References: 1982 Converse, Robert N.

The Glacial Kame Indians The Archaeological Society of Ohio Columbus

Figure 1 (Converse) The Storms Creek site. Burials were found about halfway up the distant elevation.

28

££.

•4 Figure 2 (Converse) Two flint points which were probably associated with burials.

•4 Figure 3 (Converse) Obverse and reverse of stylized birdstone from the Storms Creek site.

I * ,

Figure 4 (Converse) Copper and pearl beads and small tooth.

Figure 5 (Converse) The Storms Creek flint assemblage found during house construction.

•4 Figure 6 (Converse) Minia­ture axe from Storms Creek.

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A PERSONAL COLLECTION OF PRISMATIC BLADES AND CORES by

Jennifer A. Saksa 5122 State Route 5

Newton Falls, Ohio 44444

Figure 1 be low con ta ins p r i smat i c blades which were found while surface hun t ing p r o d u c t i v e s i tes in L i ck ing County, Ohio. The larger prismatic blades have been assoc ia ted wi th the Paleo Indians and may have been used for scraping or cutting (Patterson 1987). The smaller microblades or bladelets are typ­ical of t he Hopewe l l cu l t u re . These bladelets are th in , curved and display three facets on the obverse side from pre­viously struck bladelets. The reverse side of each bladelet is unworked with a small percussion bulb at one end (Converse 1994:122). The Hopewel l cul ture may have used these tiny blades for cutting, shav ing , or for d i smember ing bod ies be fore they were c rema ted (Waldor f 1987:210). The length of prismatic blades is twice that of the width.

Hopewell cores are pictured below in Figure 2. These cores were found on the same sites in Licking County as the pris­matic blades. A core is a chunk of flint which can have a tabular, conical, semi-conical , cyl indr ical , or semi-cyl indrical shape (Patterson 1995). The cores that I have found are of different shapes and sizes, but they all display facet scars on one or more sides (Converse 1994:122). In order to create a bladelet, a flake scar ridge must exist on the face of the core. Pressure is then applied directly above the ridge to force flake removal (Patterson 1987). Percussion flaking was used first on the core, then as the core became smaller, the Hopewell used indirect per­cussion or pressure flaking. Heat treating the f l int p roduced razor sharp edges (Waldorf 1987-210). All of the bladelets and cores p ic tured below were made from colorful Flint Ridge flint.

References Cited

Converse, R.N. 1994 Ohio Flint Types, The Archaeological

Society of Ohio, 122-123

Patterson, L.W. 1987 Comments on Prismatic

Blade Technologies. Ohio Archaeologist 37(3):20-21

1995 Bifacial Blade Cores. Ohio Archaeologist 45(2):42-43

Waldorf, D.C. and Val Waldorf 1987 Story in Stone. Mound Builder Books,

210-211

Figure 1 (Saksa) Prismatic blades found in Licking County, Ohio

Figure 2 (Saksa) Hopewell cores found in Licking County, Ohio.

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FORT ANCIENT PIPES by

Robert N. Converse 199 Converse Drive

Plain City, Ohio 43064

Pipe smoking began in the late Archaic period. First pipes were fairly simple stone tubes - perhaps copies of wooden pipes. Tubular pipes remained in vogue in one form or another for over a thou­sand years.

Sculptured or effigy pipes first appeared in the Adena period but they are exceptionally rare. The Hopewell people carved the famous animal effigy platform pipes, plain monitor pipes, square elbow pipes as well as a few sin­gular effigy pipes.

Intrusive Mound pipe makers of the Late Woodland period made monitor

platform pipes much different from Hopewell types. They also manufactured handle pipes and rare effigy pipes.

It was during the Fort Ancient period, however, that pipe manufacture experi­enced its most widespread and diversi­fied production. Fort Ancient pipes exceed those of all other cultures in num­bers and, some would argue, in imagina­tion of design. Fort Ancient pipes are found in a wide variety of styles, types and materials. Many of them show an excellence of artistic talent and imagina­tion. Portraying almost any animal, as well as the human form, Fort Ancient

pipes depict creatures and people impor­tant to these Ohio cousins of the Missis-sippian peoples of the lower Ohio River and Mississippi valleys.

The pipe in the color plate is made of sandstone, a favorite Fort Ancient mate­rial, and portrays an animal whose species is conjectural - perhaps a wolf. It has a large conical stem hole and the bowl is a large conical orifice situated just behind the ears. It was found many years ago in Scioto County, Ohio, and was first collected by William Barth. It is now in the collection of Ron Helman, Sidney, Ohio.

Figure 1 (Helman) Fort Ancient animal effigy pipe of sandstone from Scioto County, Ohio.

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A RECENT COSHOCTON COUNTY FIND by

Charles E. Gross 110045 Riceland Ave. Magnolia, Ohio 44643

This tubular bannerstone was recently found in Coshocton County, Ohio. It is made of banded slate and is 2% inches long.

Sometime in its aboriginal history a section of the banner split off. To re­attach the broken portion, grooves were cut to facilitate lashing the two together. Unfortunately, the broken portion was not found.

Figure 1 (Gross) Broken banner showing the broken area.

Figure 2 (Gross) Unbroken side. Note grooves for repairing.

•4 Figure 3 (Gross) End and side views of tubular banner.

GOODWILL DOVETAIL by

David W. Kuhn 2103 Grandview Avenue Portsmouth, Ohio 45662

In August, 1996, a donation of unwanted items was made to the local Goodwill Industries. Among the items were 5 flint arrowheads/spearheads. The Director of the local Goodwill organization is a member of The Portsmouth Kiwanis Club, and so is the author. The artifacts were brought to the next Kiwanis Club meeting and the author purchased them from Goodwill Industries. Among them

was the dovetail spear shown in Fig. 1. It is 4X" long, beveled and is made of dark brown, blue/gray and cream colored Sonora flint. A tiny recent chip from one edge reveals a blue deep interior and a dark gray shallow interior, underneath the surface colors previously described. This change of color of flint with the aging process is typical of this, and other, types of flint.

Figure 1 (Kuhn) Beveled dovetail made of Sonora flint 4'A" long.

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ROBERT HAAG DONATES MEMBERSHIPS January 12,1997

To Librarians & Educators John R. Lea Middle School, et. al.

Hello,

I have paid the membership dues to the Archaeological Society of Ohio (hereafter ASO) for 1997. I will also furnish a membership for your school in 1998 (as part of my agreement to a three year commitment). You might want to note to your teachers that the Society has established a school speaker program committee (see President's page summer issue Ohio Archaeologist). Any informa­tional needs can be addressed to Paul Wildermuth, Business Manager ASO, 1-800-736-7815; of course I can always be reached for assistance at 330-658-2821.

I hope the publication Ohio Archaeologist has been well received at your schools and encourage your feedback. I have been a member of the Society for over twenty years; and find it to be a very professional organization with a commitment to furthering the knowledge of Ohio archaeology to all. Over those many years I have learned a great deal, but more importantly made some wonderful and lasting friendships.

I started collecting artifacts when I was ten years old; while growing up in Copley, Ohio. Throughout most of my adult life I have lamented the lack of knowledge about the ASO and other organizations in those early years. Hopefully, knowledge within the Ohio Archaeologist publications will give needed information to the interested, and provide a spark of interest within the unknowing, of Ohio's history. It's my greatest hope that more future "caretakers" of Ohio's history will be awak­ened by the knowledge we share.

In my effort to assist as many children as possible, after 1998 my goal is to assign my donation to ten other schools in Ohio. It's my hope, and belief, that support will be found to continue this transfer of knowledge in the future.

I am interested in comments about the usefulness of the Ohio Archaeologist to the students and teachers. I would share with you that my original thought was to place the publication in middle schools only. I had based this on the belief that Ohio history is taught in the seventh grade and (quite frankly) because I have a better feeling about student usage of middle school libraries than high school. While forming my criteria, my wife Joanna strongly urged that I select several elemen­tary schools. She based this on my own interest being piqued when I was 10; and more importantly with professional insight. Joanna is an art teacher and has taught in both elementary and middle schools for the Akron Public Schools. Also, I seem to have good timing or struck a nerve with the ASO as well. In addition to formation of a speakers committee, it has strongly endorsed my idea. In the earlier mentioned President's page of the Summer issue, President Carmel "Bud" Tackett says:

"...After reviewing his request the board agreed to give Mr. Haag ten (10) memberships at the reduced rate of $15.00 each. These memberships will be passed out to the schools of his choice. Robert Converse and I, after requesting from the board the same privilege, were each granted ten (10) memberships to be passed out to the schools, children, or libraries of our choice. It was decided to call these memberships "Sponsored Institutional Memberships." These memberships will have no vote in ASO matters, if they are an institution, but all individuals will have regular mem­bership privileges. These memberships are for use by current members who request them for non­profit groups such as schools, libraries, or children. Each individual request will be voted on by the Board. All members are encouraged to consider becoming a sponsor in their area."

ASO is offering its unique resources in members (and their considerable individual knowledge) publications and access to its meetings to the educational community. ASO, its chapters and mem­bers have always supported education throughout ASO's almost fifty year history; but I sense an increase in effort on the part of the present Board to support education. I'm sure input would be eagerly accepted by all ASO members and staff, and I would gladly serve as a conduit for further thoughts for ASO.

Respectfully;

Robert D. Haag 165 Merlot Court Doylestown, Ohio 44230

33

A GIFT FROM THE DILLER FAMILY by

Lloyd Harnishfeger 203 Steiner St.

Pandora, Ohio 45877

Mr. Arch ie Diller was a we l l - known long-time collector from Putnam County, Ohio. He was responsible for my lifetime interest in Indian artifacts and archae­ology. We shared many hours together hunting the fields in Putnam County. He passed away shortly before Christmas in 1966 and was missed by his many friends and family. After Christmas, Mr. Diller's family presented me with the art i facts from his collection shown in Figure 1.

•< Figure 1 (Harnishfeger) Artifacts from the Diller collection.

TWO STUDY PIECES by

Lloyd Harnishfeger 203 Steiner St.

Pandora, Ohio 45877

These two ar t i fac ts are in teres t ing study objects. The piece on the left is a spokeshave type tool. It is an unaltered flake with a concave areas chipped out to form a smoothing or shaping tool for any cyl indrical object such as a shaft or a handle.

On the right is a preform or blank on which the rind of the parent stone is still much in evidence. The large percussion scars illustrate the maker's preliminary work. The absence of further pressure flaking or retouch indicates that the arti­fact is simply one which was roughly f in­ished and awa i ted the f inal ch ipp ing necessary to complete it

34

4 Figure 1 (Harnishfeger) Two study pieces.

THE SRS SITE by

Steve Grone 1066 Marcie Lane

Milford, Ohio 45150

The SRS site in Clermont County, Ohio was discovered in 1993 by me and two friends, Scott Webster and Rob Davis. It consists of several tobacco fields, one of which overlooks the Ohio River. This site contains artifacts from Paleo to Ft. Ancient time periods. The oldest artifact is a Cum­berland type point base. Art i facts also found there are one Piano blade, one ball style plummet, one three-quarter groove axe, half of an expanded center gorget,

one lizard effigy and one barite boatstone. Numerous project i le points have also been found at the site ranging in cultural affiliation. The site is littered with bone fragments but no pottery fragments have been found. It was occupied by Adena and Hopewell people as evidenced by projectile points and the expanded center gorget. The location of the site near the Ohio River is the reason for its continual use over many thousand years.

REFERENCES Converse, Robert 1978 Ohio Slate Types. Archaeological

Society of Ohio, Columbus

Converse, Robert 1973 Ohio Stone Tools. Archaeological

Society, Columbus

Justice, Noel D. 1987 Stone Age Spear and Arrowpoints of

the Midcontinental and Eastern United States. Indiana University Press, Indianapolis, IN.

Figure 1 (Grone) Artifacts from the SRS site.

35

PERSONAL FINDS by

Tony Clinton 732 Jake Dukes Road Grandrivers, KY 42045

'"

•4 Figure 1 (Clinton) Dovetail point and Archaic knife. These two pieces were found on the same site one day apart by Sharon Clinton in Crittenden Co., Kentucky. The Dovetail, found on July 25, 1996, measures 2'/n inches long, is made of Indiana hornstone, and is ser­rated. The base is highly ground. The Archaic knife, found on July 26, 1996, is 4 inches long and the material is believed to be a form of Fort Payne chert. It is beveled which is common in the type.

%

•4 Figure 2 (Clinton) Three Kirk Serrated points. Left to right, Kirk Serrated point found by Sharon Clinton on June 29, 1996, in Living­stone Kentucky near the Ten­nessee River. Center, Kirk point found by Tony Clinton on June 10, 1995, in Lyon County, Kentucky. It measures 33A inches long. This form of Kirk is rare, as it shows the form with serrations before the blade was sharpened. Kirk on left was found on same site as center Kirk. It displays serrations and a bull's eye in center of the blade.

36

ANNUAL ROBERT N. CONVERSE AWARD TO DR. JEB BOWEN

At the Annual Meeting of the Archaeo­logical Society of Ohio in Columbus on May 18th, 1997, Dr. Jeb Bowen was awarded the annual Robert N. Converse Award for outstanding contributions to Ohio Archaeology. The award which includes a plaque and $100 cash was

instituted several years ago in order to promote responsible archaeology in the non-professional f ield. The criteria include writing, reporting, proper excava­tion and otherwise facilitating archaeo­logical research. Although Dr. Bowen is a professional archaeologist, it was felt that

in recognition of his extensive efforts with ASO chapters, his dedication to promote responsible collecting and reporting among amateurs, as well as his many arti­cles and publications, he richly deserved the 1997 award.

Dr. Jeb Bowen, Archaeological Society President Bud Tackett and Robert Converse at the annual Robert N. Converse Award ceremony in Columbus. Photograph courtesy Frank Otto.

37

THEFTS The semi-keeled Adena gorget shown in the photograph was

stolen from Billy Hillen at the ASO meeting January 26, 1997. It is from the Meuser collection and is marked "Found 8/5/1930 2 miles north of New Dover, Union County". Pictured in the Meuser Collec­tion page 89. No questions asked if returned to Editor of the Ohio Archaeologist.

Shown are only part of he seventeen frames of artifacts stolen from Mel Wilkins by two armed robbers from his home in Lima, Ohio. A reward will be paid for information leading to their recovery. Contact Mel Wilkins, 155 Serif Drive, Lima, Ohio 45807 or Editor Ohio Archaeologist.

•WW llVeWl.

A Popeyed birdstone was stolen from the Rankin Museum, 203 Church St., Ellerbe, NC 28338, along with a steatite pipe. Please call 910-652-6378.

38

BOY SCOUTS ANNOUNCE THE ARCHAEOLOGY MERIT BADGE The Boy Scouts of America (BSA) has

just announced the introduction of the Archaeology merit badge. Although Indian Lore has been a merit badge for many years, the Boy Scouts have realized the widespread interest in archaeology and have chosen to recognize the importance of the conservation and preservation of "these resources". A variety of topics are included in the merit badge pamphlet and the overall focus is upon historic preser­vation. The requirements involve a full range of archaeological activities from

research planning to fieldwork and analysis to curation of records and arti­facts. This will not be an easy badge to earn. Counselors who administer the badge will include vocational and avoca-tional archaeologists. To serve as a coun­selor, you will need to register to serve with your State Archaeologist's office to get on the list. You will also need to reg­ister as an adult leader with their local Scout council office. The merit badge pamphlet (item # 35,000) can be pur­chased from your local Scout shop for

$2.00 or can be ordered from the Boy Scouts of America Distribution Center by calling 1-800-323-0732. For additional information about the merit badge con­tact your local council office and ask to speak to the Advancement Chairman. The Special Interests Subcommittee of the Public Education Committee of the Society for American Archaeology is compiling information about merit badge activities and should be sent to S. Alan Skinner at PO Box 820727, Dallas, TX 75380 or e-mail at arcdigs@aol.com.

8th Annual BUCKEYE FLINT FESTIVAL

Endorsed and Supported by Flint Ridge Chapter, Archaeological Society of Ohio

September 27 & 28, 1997 Downtown Newark - Courthouse Square

..—. Flint - Ohio's Gem Stone ProdUCt/Theme "Celebrating and Promoting Interest in Ohio's Gemstone"

Beautiful, Colorful Flint Ridge Flint Flint Tools & Weapons - Indian Relics & Artifacts - Lapidary - Rocks, Gems & Minerals

A. S. O. Members - (WITH I. D. CARD NO CHARGE) (614) 345-1282 P.O. Box 128 - Newark, Ohio 43055

THE PASSING OF CLEMENT MEIGHAN

April 30, 1997

Dear Advisory Board:

My heart is heavy this morning as I deliver this sad, sad news. Clem died last night of heart failure. He was a mentor, a friend, and a hero and he will be sorely missed by so many. He was committed to the ACPAC goals and very pleased, when I spoke to him a few days ago, that the newsletter would continue. He also felt the tide was turning somewhat with the instantaneous re-burial of Kennewick Man halted and the officials of Provi­dence, Rl saying "No" to NAGPRA.

With more than 1200 signed up addresses (some being sup­porting organizations with many members), we have an obliga­tion to "spread the news". I, for one, would not be aware of what is happening outside of the west coast (and not all of that) if it were not for you sending articles and comments that are printed in the newsletter. We need to get out another one in

June (realistically) which will inform the membership of our loss and other news. Our WEB site will continue with the help of our computer-literate friends.

Now, as Clem would say, "upward and onward".

Constance Cameron Phone (562) 696-6133 Fax (714) 871-5345

Editor's note. Clement Meighan was one of America's foremost archaeolo­

gists and one of the few people in his profession to protest the recent federal and state laws undermining archaeology and anthropology. He was a founder of The American Committee for Preservation of Archaeological Collections.

Back Cover: A NICE SURFACE FIND, by Joel Embrey, 7503 Columbus Lancaster Rd. NW, Carroll, Ohio. A personal surface find, this 4 inch colorful Flint Ridge dovetail was plowed up near Buckeye Lake in Licking County, Ohio.

39

OBJECT OF THE SOCIETY The Archaeological Society of Ohio is organized to discover and conserve archaeological sites and material within the State of Ohio, to seek and promote a better understanding among students and collectors of archaeological material, professional and non-professional, including individuals, museums, and institutions of learning, and to disseminate knowledge on the subject of archaeology. Membership in the society shall be open to any person of good character interested in archaeology or the collecting of American Indian artifacts, upon acceptance of written application and payment of dues.