of Sutherland The Ultimate and Computer Graphics Polygon ... · Imagining and Inventing Computer...
Transcript of of Sutherland The Ultimate and Computer Graphics Polygon ... · Imagining and Inventing Computer...
The Ultimate Display: Imagining and Inventing Computer Graphics Polygon by Polygon
Pearls of Computation ‐ Ivan Sutherland
Hannes Högni VilhjálmssonAssociate Professor of Computer Science
Ivan Sutherland
• Born May 16, 1938 in Hastings, Nebraska, United States.
• Father was a practicing engineer with a Ph.D. in civil engineering. His mother was a teacher “who engendered in him and his brother Bert a love of learning”.
Early “Career”
As early teen programmed Simon. Modified to add division (8 feet paper tape program)At age 17, as a science fair project, he made a magnetic drum memory with 128 2‐bit words At age 19, he published “An Electro‐Mechanical Model of Simple Animals” in Computers and Automation At age 21 he published “Stability in Steering Control” in Electrical Engineering
1950 ‐ Simon – World’s smallest Mechanical BrainBy Edmund Berkeley
Academic Degrees
• BS 1955‐1959Carnegie Institute of Technology (CMU)
• MS 1960California Institute of Technology
• PhD 1963Massachusetts Institute of Technology
• Honorary MA 1966Harvard
Academic Degrees
• BS 1955‐1959Carnegie Institute of Technology (CMU)
• MS 1960California Institute of Technology
• PhD 1963Massachusetts Institute of Technology“Sketchpad: A Man‐Machine Graphical Communication System”
• Honorary MA 1966Harvard
SketchpadA Man‐Machine Graphical Communication System
“The Sketchpad system makes it possible for a man and a computer to converse rapidly through the medium of line drawings….…in the past, we have been writing letters to rather than conferring with our computers.”
Important CapabilitiesSubpicture
An instance of an entire group can be called up on another sheet of paper
ConstraintComputer knows about basic relationships. These can be exploited and extended
Definition CopyingComposite operations can by applied to shapes
The first GUI?
Telstar SatelliteSputnik 1
1957 1960 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 19701958 1959
TV Protests Iceland
Telstar SatelliteSputnik 1
SAGE
1957 1960 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 19701958 1959
TV Protests Iceland
Telstar SatelliteSputnik 1
SAGE
LISP SpaceWar on PDP‐1
1957 1960 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 19701958 1959
TV Protests Iceland
Engelbarts Mouse DemoBASIC
Telstar SatelliteSputnik 1
SAGE
LISP SpaceWar on PDP‐1 Engelbarts Mouse Demo
1957 1960 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 19701958 1959
TV Protests Iceland
BASIC
Sketchpad 3D HMD
Origins of CAD
• In 1959, Douglas Ross, Steven Coons, and John Ward, along with their colleagues, started the MIT Computer‐Aided Design Project, and planted the seeds that grew to define modern CAD
• In December, 1959, The Mechanical Engineering Department and Electronic Systems Laboratory of the Electrical Engineering Department of MIT entered into a joint project, sponsored by the US Air Force, to explore the possibilities for something they called “Computer‐Aided Design”
MIT Lincoln Labs’ TX‐2 HCI research computer (1958)
306 kilobytes of core memory, programmable buttons for entering commands, an oscilloscope/video display screen (addressable to 1024×1024 pixels), a light pen for input, and a pen plotter for output
Work Career
• 1963 Electrical EngineerNSA
• 1964 DARPA’s head of IPTOSponsoring computer research (Timesharing + AI)Promotes “The Ultimate Display”
• 1965 – 1968 Associate ProfessorHarvard
• Cohen‐Sutherland Clipping Algorithm (1967)• With Robert Sproull the first HMD (1968)
A display connected to a digital computer gives us a chance to gain familiarity with concepts not realizable in the physical world. It is a looking glass into a mathematical wonderland.
The ultimate display would, of course, be a room within which the computer can control the existence of matter.
Ivan Sutherland, 1965
Cohen‐Sutherland Algorithm (1967)
0000 0010
0100 01100101
0001
1001 1000 1010
1000, 00000000, 00001010, 01100001, 0110
Cohen‐Sutherland Algorithm (1967)
0000 0010
0100 01100101
0001
1001 1000 1010
1000, 00000000, 0000 OR == 01010, 01100001, 0110
Cohen‐Sutherland Algorithm (1967)
0000 0010
0100 01100101
0001
1001 1000 1010
1000, 00001010, 01100001, 0110
Cohen‐Sutherland Algorithm (1967)
0000 0010
0100 01100101
0001
1001 1000 1010
1000, 00001010, 0110 AND != 00001, 0110
Cohen‐Sutherland Algorithm (1967)
0000 0010
0100 01100101
0001
1001 1000 1010
0000, 0000 OR == 00001, 0110
Work Career
• 1963 Electrical EngineerNSA
• 1964 DARPA’s head of IPTOSponsoring computer research (Timesharing + AI)Promotes “The Ultimate Display”
• 1965 – 1968 Associate ProfessorHarvard
• Cohen‐Sutherland Clipping Algorithm (1967)• With Robert Sproull the first HMD (1968)
A head‐mounted three dimensional display (1968)
Although stereo presentation is important to the three‐dimensional illusion, it is less important than the change that takes place in the image when the observer moves his head.
Ivan Sutherland, 1968
Although stereo presentation is important to the three‐dimensional illusion, it is less important than the change that takes place in the image when the observer moves his head.
Ivan Sutherland, 1968
Work Career (cont.)
• 1968‐ 1974 ProfessorUniversity of Utah
• Jim Clark (Silicon Graphics, Netscape)• Henri Gouraud (Shading)• Committee member for Alan Kay (inventor of SmallTalk) and Edwin Catmull (co‐founder of Pixar, president of Disney and Pixar)
Gouraud Shading (1971)
Averaging polygon Nsat vertices
Interpolating intensitiesacross polygon surfaces
• 1968 Co‐Founder, Vice President, Chief ScientistEvans and Sutherland (with David Evans)
• Real‐time hardware accelerated 3D + printer languages• Flight Simulators (80% pilots)• full dome planetarium systems
Work Career (cont.)
• 1974‐1978 Professor – Founding head of SCCalifornia Institute of Technology
• 1980 Founder, Vice President, Technical DirectorSutherland, Sproull and Associates Sun Labs
• 1990 Vice PresidentSun Microsystems
• 2005 – 2008 Visiting ScholarUC Berkely
Current:Focused on making a great leap forward in circuit design
Work Career (cont.)
Honors and Awards
George Westinghouse Scholar (1955‐1959); American Institute ofElectrical Engineers Student Prize Paper Contest for District 2Winner (1958, 1959); National Science Foundation Fellowship (1959– 1962); National Academy of Engineering First Zworykin Award(1972); Member, National Academy of Engineering (1973); Member,National Academy of Sciences (1978); IEEE Emanuel R. Piore Award(1986); Computerworld Honors Program, Leadership Award (1987);ACM Turing Award (1988); ACM Software System Award (1993);Electronic Frontier Foundation EFF Pioneer Award (1994);Association for Computing Machinery Fellow (1994); PriceWaterhouse Information Technology Leadership Award for LifetimeAchievement (1996); Computerworld Smithsonian Award (1996);the Franklin Institute's Certificate of Merit (1996); IEEE John vonNeumann Medal (1998); R&D 100 Award (team) (2004); ComputerHistory Museum Fellow (2005).
“The Six Legged Hydraulic Walker”
Scientific American, 1983(Raibert and Sutherland)
First man‐carrying computer controlled walking machine
"Without the fun, none of us would go on!”Ivan Sutherland, 1996
Bibliography• Sutherland, I. E. (1964). “Sketch pad a man‐machine graphical communication
system”. In Proceedings of the SHARE design automation workshop (DAC '64). ACM, New York, NY, USA, 6.329‐6.346
• Sutherland, I. E. (1968). "A HEAD‐MOUNTED THREE‐DIMENSIONAL DISPLAY". Proceedings of AFIPS 68, pp. 757‐764
• Sutherland, I. E. (1965). "The Ultimate Display". Proceedings of IFIP 65, vol 2, pp. 506‐508
• The roots of CAD, Posted by Evan Yares on Friday, January 25, 2013, http://www.3dcadworld.com/the‐roots‐of‐cad‐part‐1/
• 50 Years of CAD, February 13, 2013 Evan Yares, http://www.designworldonline.com/50‐years‐of‐cad/
• Robert Burton, Ivan Sutherland, http://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/sutherland_3467412.cfm
• Evans & Sutherland, http://www.es.com/About/History.html
• Harry McCracken, April 12, 2013, A Talk with Computer Graphics Pioneer Ivan Sutherland | TIME.com http://techland.time.com/2013/04/12/a‐talk‐with‐computer‐graphics‐pioneer‐ivan‐sutherland/#ixzz2vuBeoI4F
• Oral history interview with Ivan Sutherland, http://conservancy.umn.edu/handle/11299/107642