[Document F.)

BY THE HOUSE OF DELEGATES,February 2d, 1882.

Reported from Committee on and 1,500 copiesordered to be printed.

By order,B.

Chief Clerk.7

REPORT—OF—

THOMAS BROWN,

INSPECTOR OF MINES—FOR—

Allegany and Counties,

Year

ANNAPOLIS:

1882.

o " -Document F.]

BY THE HOUSE OF DELEGATES,February 2d, 1882.

Reported from Committee on In8pecionS, and 1,500 copiesordered to be printed.

By order,JOSEPH B. SETH,

Chief Clerk.

REPORT

THOMAS BROWN,

INSPECTOR OF MINESFOR—

Allegany and Gartttt Counties,

oi th Yca nthn 1881,

ANNAPOLIS:ii.ted. my thnxity.

1882.

4K,

I-i -

-v

To his Excellency,William T. Hamilton, Governor of Maryland:

HoN. SIR :—In compliance with the mining law of theI have the honor to submit to you, my Second An.

nual Report as Inspector of Mines for the Counties of Alle-gany and Garrett.

In my First Annual Report, which was brief, because noappropriation had been made for printing it, I stated that Ihad inspected every working-place in every mine in the Ibre-named counties. The condition in which I found them,together with such other infbrmatiori as I thought necessaryfor an understanding of our great mining industry, I nowrespectfully submit to you

The Uonclition of the Mines.I am happy to be able to report, that the condition 0f the

mines in Aliegany and Garrett counties, is, if anything,improved. There seems to be no disposition on the

part of any of the corporations, to evade or infringe any partof the law.

l.Jpon entering upon the duties of Inspector of' Mines, Iissued the following circular to the superintendents andweighmasters of the different coal companies in the Countiesof Aflegany and Garrett:To the Superintendents of the Coal Uompanies of

,Allegany and Garrett Counties:Gentlemen:—Having been commissioned by the Hon.

Wm. T. hamilton, Governor of' the State of Maryland, un-der the law of 1878, Inspector for the Counties of Alleganyand Garrett, I respectfully call your attention to the follow-ing provisions of the aforesaid law:

1. You are required to provide a sufficient amount of freshair in the working-places of each miner in your employ-ment, independent of the strong current that is reported tobe passing through the main headings of your several mines.That such is the spirit and intent of the law, there can be nadoubt in your minds, as intelligent men.

To 1is Excellency,William T. Hamilton, Governor of Maryland:

HON. SIR :—In compliance with the mining law of theState, I have the honor to submit to you, my Second Annual Report as Inspector of Mines for the Counties of Alle-gany and Garrett.

In my First Annual Report, which was brief, because rioappropriation had been made for printing it, I stated that Ihad inspected every working-place in every mine in the fore-named counties. The condition in which I found them,together with such other information as I thought necessaryfor an understanding of our great mining industry, I nowrespectfulIy submit to you

The Condition of the Mines.I am happy to be able to report, that the condition of the

mines in Aliegany and Garrett counties, is, if anything,slightly improved. There seems to be no disposition on thepart of any of the corporations, to evade or infringe any partof the law.

Upon entering upon the duties of Inspector of Mines, Iissued the foflowing circular to the superintendents andweighmasters of the different coal companies in the Countiesof Allegany and Garrett:To the Superiiitendents of the Coal Uompanies of

Allegany and Garrett Counties:•Gentlemen:—Having been commissioned by the Hon.

Wm. T. Hamilton, Governor of the State of Maryland, un-der the law of 1878, Inspector for the Counties of Alleganyand Garrett, I respectfully call your attention to the follow-ing provisions of the aforesaid law:

1. You are required to provide a sufficient amount of freshair in the working-places of each miner in your employ-ment, independent of the strong current that is reported tobe passing through the main headings of your several mines.That such is the spirit and intent of the law, there can be ncdoubt in your minds, as intelligent men.

2. You are required by the law to furnish all the timberthat is necessary for the of the miners, and deliver thesame at the working_place of each miner in your employ_Inent. ("I am glad to know that this Section of ihe lawbeen ofrespected by your several companies.if there are any companies not complying withVISIOn, I call upon said companies to obey it at once andthereby save trituhie and expense There is noa qualified officer but to see that its provisions arecarried into effect.

with section has causedmore discontent in the minds of our miners than any otherand r am determined ti ascertain the true weaningof this3. You are also required by law to provide correct andcurate scales for weighing coal mined by each miner.4. The Jaw plovjdes that each traveling_way be madesafe by having all looSe coal and rock overhtad timbered antisecured against falling upon any of your employes whifr inthe perforrijance of their duty.In let me suggest to you the necessity of re—quining your boss miners to give mole attentjo0 to tho menunder their charge Yin require thetn to visit theWorkitig_iJuce of each and every miner daily, for the purposeof if has his pi oper ly placed to securehis OWfl safety by SUpporting 11w ever treacherous slip that i&so fatal to the lives of many. We have a strikingof tIe good tffect of this policy in the mines of the Gerge'gCreek C al and lion Company, where the boss minersare i quii ed to give strict ar to the timbering. In aperiod of tw

11 yi ars, lh?e has leen onir liveslost, which goes ye that if thisis carried outwe can greatly II e of life in cur

Yours, very spF dm1'IHUMAS 1-ROWN,of Mines Alkgany and GarrettMay 1st,

To the oft/re Coal Companies ofAllegany and GarrettGentlemen :—Having been apnioim,ted and qusabifedMine Inspector of the counties named above, I respectjhljycall your attention to the following

the lawtouching the performance of your official dutiesYou are required to makeoathbefi,re a Justiceortof the counts wherein1 the mine for which you weigh, is &itu—ated, and deliver a copy of the same to the Mine Inspector

you will perform the duties of weighmaster at such mine,honesty and fidelity; that you will keep a true account

the coal so weighed, anti credit to each and every party orparties mining the same, the actual arn3unts so mined, atthe rate of 2210 pounds per ton.

You are also required to keep a list of the numbers of themine cars, and the weight of coal in each car, and place saidlist in some place where the miners interested may inspect it.

I have strong reason to believe that some persons acting as"weighmasters in the counties aforesaid, are in the habit ofgiving up the slate whereon they have credited each minerwith his respective number ol and weight of coal therein,

the close of each work, to some official of the corn-pany owning or operating said mine, or mines, before the

weighmasters have made a duplicafe list for the inspec-tioti of the miners. This is a clear of the spirit andletter of the law, and a palpable violation of one of its moststringent provisions. I therefore notify all weighmnasterswho have been in the habit so surrendering their slates,that I will in future hold them responsible under their oaths,for their proper and full compliance with the otboth the intent and requirernerrtM of the law.

Very respectfully,ThOMAS BROWN,

Inspector of Mines for Aliegany and G-at'ret.t counties.

Uonsolidalion Goal Company.I inspected the Ocean Mine, he property of the company

named above. I penetrated this mine to its farthest ex-tremity, and that it had tapped the old dip heading ofthe Hoffman Mind, belonging to th.e same company. It hadbeen abandoned some time previous on account of water. Thewater is now drained off, and the coal thus made accessibleis now being mined. • The vein in this mine is worked up tothe slate, thus mining out the whole of the breast coal. Iwas surprised to find the degree of safety attained by themethod of wining practiced in this wine. Toe miners hereseem to be thoroughly acquainted with this method of min-ing. As they proceed with their excavations, a hole is dugin the rib-side near the top of the vein, for inserting theendof* cress-bar, a good being placed under the other end,the slate roof is thus strongly supported by wedges drivenover the cross-bar. Those cross-baN are placed at a

teet apart. Making it by the extreme care exercisedas safe as any other mode of obtaining security. In drawing

the pillar, a prop is placed under the end of the bar in.

45

.-M

-Ev"

Em

non

um

2. Y

ouar

e re

quir

ed b

yth

e la

w to

fur

jhal

l the

tjn)

ber

that

isne

cess

ary

for

the

safe

tyof

the

min

ers,

and

del

iver

the

arne

at t

hew

urki

ngpl

a of

each

min

er in

your

em

ploy

_m

ent.

("j

amgl

ad to

kno

wth

at th

is8e

ctio

of

'he

Jaw

baa

been

of'

late

genr

aIJy

res

pece

hy y

our

Seve

ral c

ompa

jes

Btit

jf th

ere

are

any

com

pani

esno

t Com

plyi

ngw

ith th

ispr

vV

i8io

,I

call

upon

sLid

cor

npan

jeto

obe

y it

at o

nce

and

ther

eby

save

truh

ie a

ndex

pene

The

re is

no a

ltern

atjv

lert

neag

a q

wlli

fie(

lof

fice

r hu

t tse

e th

at it

prO

vjj8

are

carr

ied

IfltO

eff

ect.

NO

fl...

C()

fl)I

)Jja

tjce

wiL

h th

isse

ctio

nha

s ca

used

mor

e di

scon

tent

in th

em

inds

of

our

min

ers

than

any

othe

rgr

1eva

c, a

nd I

am d

eter

min

edta

scer

tajn

the

true

wea

ning

of th

isSe

ctio

ri'.)

3.Y

c,u

are

also

req

tiked

lyla

w to

pro

vide

corr

ect a

nd a

ccu

rate

Sca

les

for

w€i

ghin

g co

alm

ined

by

each

min

er.

4. T

heJa

wi)

1()V

ides

, aIo

, tha

tea

ch tr

a'el

ingw

aybe

mad

esa

f by

hav

ing

jili)

Ose

coal

and

roc

kO

Ver

h(ad

tim

bere

dan

dse

cure

d ag

ailis

tJa

iling

upon

any

of

your

em

ploy

€'s

whi

tein

:th

e pe

rlor

r,ja

nce

of th

eir

duty

.In

(O

t)C

llj&

on,

me

LJg

gest

toyo

u th

e ne

ce8s

ityof

re-

quir

ing

)(U

r bo

tOiir

sto

ke

rmie

atte

nti

to th

men

unde

r th

eir

char

gp.

Y(u

810

111(

1re

quir

e th

emto

vis

it th

ew

orki

tJgJ

)la(

eof

eac

h ar

idev

ery

min

1 da

ily,

for

the

)1]r

p$of

acrJ

8ini

rg if

he

has

hi ti

nibc

ri o

le?

Jy p

lace

d to

ucur

ehi

sSa

fety

by

Upp

ortir

ig 1

kwC

Ver

trea

cher

u8sl

ip th

at i

Si)

latH

l to

the

lives

ot

man

y. W

e ha

vea

stri

king

ean

pte

of te

go(

cl(f

fect

of

this

polic

y iii

lhe

mir

e8 o

f th

eG

erge

'gC

reek

Ca1

nd J

iC

cmpa

ny,

whe

re th

ebo

ss m

incr

aar

e iq

ito

giv

e st

rict

atte

lt)(,

r) to

the

timbe

ring

In a

peri

o(1

of tw

€ii1

(-V

nar

s, lh

t?e

ha ic

enor

ihoi

r liv

es.

lost

, whi

chge

t pr

Ve

that

if ih

8ug

gest

ion

isca

rrie

d ou

tw

e C

an g

reat

Jy

dim

nhl

i if

e ls

of

life

inou

r m

ites,

You

r5, v

ery 'JH

UM

AS

1-R

UW

NIf

cfnr

of

Min

esfo

r A

lkgu

ryan

d G

arre

ttcc

unti

May

1st

, 18O

.T

o th

e W

eig/

imaj

8of

t1e

Coa

l Com

pani

esof

Alle

gany

and

Gar

rett

C'o

vntie

8;G

entle

njen

:—.-

Hav

ing

been

apoo

irjte

d an

dqu

alie

das

-M

ine

Insp

ecto

rof

the

coun

ties

nam

edab

ove,

I r

esec

tftll

yca

ll yo

urat

tent

ion

to th

efo

llow

itig

requ

iren

8 e'

fth

e- J

awto

uchi

ng th

epe

r1or

mat

jc o

f'yo

ur o

ffic

ial d

uti8

You

are

requ

ired

to m

ake

oath

bef

ore

a Ju

stic

e or

the

P4c,

-of

the

Cou

nts

whe

rein

the

min

e fo

r w

hich

you

wei

gh, i

s ai

tnat

ed, a

nd d

eliv

era

copy

of

the

sam

e to

the

Min

eIn

spec

tor,

hat y

ou w

ill p

erfo

rm th

e du

ties

of w

eghm

aste

r at

suc

h m

ine,

wit!

hone

sty

and

fide

lity;

that

you

will

kee

p a

true

acc

ount

-of

the

coal

so

wei

ghed

, ant

i cre

dit t

o ea

ch a

nd e

very

par

ty o

rpa

rtie

s m

inin

g th

e sa

me,

the

actu

al a

m3n

nts

80 m

ined

, at

he r

ats

of 2

2O p

oiir

Js p

er to

n.Y

ou a

re a

lso

requ

ired

to k

eep

a lis

t of

the

num

bers

of

the

min

e ca

rs, a

nd th

e w

eigh

t of'

coal

in e

ach

car,

aud

pla

ce s

aid

list i

n so

me

t1ac

e w

here

the

min

ers

iute

rest

edm

ay in

spec

tit.

I ha

ve s

tron

g re

asot

i to

belie

ve th

at s

ome

pers

ons

actin

g as

wei

ghm

aste

rs in

the

coun

ties

afor

esai

d, a

re in

the

habi

t of'

givi

ng u

p th

e sl

tte w

here

on th

ey h

ave

cred

ited

each

min

erw

ith h

is r

espe

ctiv

e nu

m b

er o

f' ct

rs, a

nd w

eigh

t of

cot

I th

erei

n,t t

hecl

ose

of e

ach

(1av

'4 w

ork,

to s

ome

offi

cial

of

the

cotn

pany

ow

ning

or

oper

atin

g sa

id m

ine,

or

min

es, b

efre

the

:8ai

d w

eigh

mas

ters

hav

e m

ade

a (l

uplic

ate

list f

or th

e in

spec

-iti

on o

f th

e m

iner

s.T

his

j a c

lear

evt

sion

of

the

spir

it an

dle

tter

of th

e la

w, a

nd a

pal

pabl

e vi

olat

ion

of' o

ne o

f its

mos

tst

ring

ent p

rovi

sion

s.I

t.her

efbr

e no

tify

all

wei

ghm

aste

rw

ho h

tve

heen

in th

e ha

bit o

f so

sur

rend

erin

g th

eir

sbte

s,th

at I

will

in f

utur

e ho

ld th

emre

spon

sibl

e un

der

thei

r oa

ths,

for

thei

r pr

oper

and

ful

l com

plia

nce

with

the

eact

ios

otbo

th th

e in

tent

and

req

iiir-

erne

nt o

F th

e la

w.

Ver

y re

spec

tful

ly,

ThO

lAS

BR

OW

N,

Insp

ecto

r of

Min

es f

or A

llega

ny a

nd G

arre

tt co

untie

s.C

onso

lidat

ion

Coa

l Com

pany

.I

insp

ecte

d th

e O

cean

Min

e, ih

e ))

rope

rty

of th

e co

mpa

nyna

med

abo

ve.

I1)

et)e

tr,tt

ed th

is m

ine

toits

far

thes

t cx-

trem

ity, a

nd f

und

that

it h

ad ta

pped

the

old

dip

head

ing

ofth

e H

offm

ao M

ine,

bel

ongi

ng to

the

sam

e co

mpa

ny.

It h

adbe

en a

band

oned

som

e tim

e pr

evio

us o

n ac

coun

t of

wat

er. T

hew

ater

is n

ow d

rain

ed o

ff, a

nd th

e co

al th

us m

ade

aece

sib1

es

now

bei

og m

ined

. ,rf

he v

ein

in th

is m

ine

is w

orke

d up

toth

e sl

ate,

thus

min

ing

out t

he w

hole

of

the

brea

st c

oal.

Iw

as s

urpr

ised

tO f

ind

the

degr

ee o

f sa

fety

atta

ined

by

the

met

hod

0rru

inin

g pr

actic

edin

this

min

e.T

tie m

iner

s he

rese

em to

be

thor

ough

ly a

cqua

inte

d w

ith th

is m

etho

d of

mm

-in

g.A

s th

ey p

roce

ed w

ith th

eir

exca

vatio

ns, a

hol

e is

dug

in th

e ri

bsid

e ne

ar th

e to

p of

the

vein

, for

inse

rtin

g th

eend

.of

* cr

oss-

bar,

a g

ood

l)0l

) be

ing

plac

ed u

nder

the

othe

r en

d,th

e ia

te r

oof'

is th

us s

tron

gly

supp

orte

d by

wed

ges

driv

enov

er th

e cr

oss-

bar.

Tho

se c

ross

-btr

s ar

e pl

aced

at a

dis

tnce

of th

ree

feet

apa

rt.

Mak

ing

it by

the

extr

eme

care

exe

rcis

edas

iafe

as

any

othe

r m

ode

of o

btai

ning

sec

urity

. In

draw

ing

ack

the

pilla

r, a

pro

p is

pla

ced

unde

r th

e en

d of

the

bar

in'

4&

6 7

serted into the rib as above stated, thus keeping the timbersecure to the slate. From what I could see ofhere, I judge that there is as much coal taken out per acre,as at any other mine in the region. The men are liberallysupplied with timber, ventilation is good, the air being sup-plied from the Winters' Shaft, which was formerly used forventilating the Hoffman Slope and Potnpey-Smash Mines,and is undoubtedly the best air shaft in the county. A loco--motive engine will be placed in this mine at an early day,there being a good track already laid inside the mine for itsuse. There can be no impediment to its success, as the aircoming from the shaft will supply the miners first, and thencarry the smoke and steam to the ventilating furnace. I in-spected the weigh scales and found them correct. Returningout of the mine, I found enough of btack-damp along theheadings to extinguish the lights oozing from oU workings.The mine boss promised to have the old brattices reclayed andnew ones put up where required.

Hoffman Slope.I inspecteà thjs mine. The original depth of this slope wac

1,200 feet, and is now known as the upper lift. A largenumber of miners are now employed in drawing back pillars.I found the ventilation in a first-class condition. This slopehas recently been extended to a depth of 3,100 feet; this ad—ditional length has been divided into two lifts, and is nowbeing opened up upon the double heading principle. Thisthe most improved principle for securing ventilation knownto the science of mining. I inspected the weigh scales, andfound them correct.

J'ompey-Sm ash Mine.I inspected the Pompey-Sm ash Mine, which was in former

times one of the largest coal producing mines in the region.it is now nearly worked out, only a ,few miners being em-ployed in drawing stumps from the main-heading. Themajority of the miners working in this mine, are working inwhat is termed by miners, a horse-shoe heading, runningthrough the old workings of an abandoned mine, for the pur--pose of working out a few acres of coal which had been left,there. The management has a great deal of trouble in get-ting through those old workings, on account of black-damp,but with an energetic perseverance on the part of the officials,the miners have enjoyed passable air. The coal takenthis mine, is weighed on the same scales as that of the Hog-man Slope.

Yew Hope Mine.

There are two openings, a drift and a slope, in this mine.In those mines there are from six to eight feet of .a brittleshale on the top of the coal, which requires the miners to bevery careful in placing their timbers, Thete is considerabletrouble in ventilating those mines, on account of black-dampoozing from the old workings surrounding it, There is agood ventilating furnace, which is carefully attended to bythe gentleman in charge. For securing the best ventilation,every practicable mean is employed. Found the weigh scales

at this mine correct.Old Alleghany Mine.

I inspected this mine. It has been standing idle for someyears, but has now been put in good repair. Found theventilation good, and weigh scales correct. All the mines of

this company are liberally suppled with timber.The superintendent of the mines of the Consolidation Coal

Company, being a thoroughly practical miner, discards thenatural mode of ventilation, and has adopted the draft fur-nace as a means of ventilation in all the mines under hischarge, and the result is, that the mines of the ConsolidationCompany have better ventilatiouthan perhaps any minesof the region. An engine has lately been introduced in theOcean Mine, belonging to this company.

S lope.

For the last fourteen years, this mine has been filled withwater. While the property was still in the possession of theCumberland Coal and Iron Company, the late E. H Tracy,their superintendent, flooded the mine. It has been a prob-lem often considered by mining engineers, how the waterwas to be drawn from it. The method they invariably re—corn mended to the company was to tunnel the mountain fromthe opposite side, beginning at the lowest point near the OldAlleghany Mine. This method would have cost an immensesum of money. The present superintendent set it aside, byreporting to his company that he could drain it from theNew Hope Mine, on the same company's property. Bore-holes in front, and on each side, were driven, and every pre—caution employed to insure the safety of the men engaged.The superintendent showed his confidence in his plans, bystanding the men as they tapped the vast sea of water.The success of this underta,king, without a single accident,adds honor to those already gained, by the fifty years ex-perience, which justified the calculations of thedent.

rt int t ' ' 'se e o as a ove tated ts ug ee t e1

o i'

e coll see o o eraere u e t at a mu, s c c o a t e r a rg ee

. . . ?a t n o t e r n e n t e r e i no. e n r e 1 r aa aa. . Y

su ]]ecc cct ' ' ' ' 'h ttm v v.e r e n t l a t, o n n s s d .o t e alr eln np, , , u

ie rom t 'p ' ' '

e lnttrr a t ww i c w f r, a s o nn e r uu e o r. . Yvenf 1 1 _ _1 at n th e o n a a n l o e dan Potn e ma hp p lnee. y. .and d n , ,s u do u t the e est atr hh, ts f fn the -coont . A lo -Y Yo11] t1tt ti i' ,o e en ne eee] e a ee nC i t is mine at t, . Pb n ..r a. y 3'. . . , , ,,t e r e e t r r r t a aooc r ck k re da aacca ansi e t e mine for rtt suse h ' '' ere can b e no om e iment tt tii sttcce99 ag t e e11A. .comlll f f 'r mth, wo c s saftt t su t e mmners lrst an n eeee . . . .carr t t trrcc -- --G rt v ._ _aan to t tt en nni it t urrr rrc , ,,s eetec tt le wwii 'lscaeean fun ta ll lem correct. R t rb e tt ninnt of' t t .ou he 1m aP ound en u0 o bac dam aloo a a111, p geadin to oo

' ' 'n n ' '' eetin uii t ee t oo s ooon ratt Q wccc ccaa,, ,, tt, , , ,e mrne oss rommse to ooave t e e.. rr,tticea rec c e ay n.new onee aut uuuu uere re uir1 1 ee .q ,, . ,...C. "W 1 1 jt'.

. . « m wran.wwr

o maaz o e.p. .llls ected ' ' 't s mmne, e eorr in 1 .a a a,tloftig s s o e eeaaap p120f0 eet tn, is now nown aa thee ll er llft. . ... . .numbe 'r o mmners are now em m o d ''e ln draw in ac i larr r.e ppoun t ' ' ' 'e ventl ati i-on ln n rst c ase con itl on. .s s o eha .s recent been exten d t _.e a deo thh 0 3 10 0 eet thip , ,a.t a ,

,. . . .

1 1ona en t t as een lvi eento two o t, b s, an nn nooeinn o ene tt u on t le otl e eadi '' ''

n rln n 1P c e. » »»»t e moqt i ' ' ' ', m roved r rrnci le f ra aecurln ventilatl nP o noooo A, . .,to t e sclence of ''minnn , ins ecte t 1 11'

b e ee sca es announ tb em carrect.

, , -I om e7 - m as a 112p J ne.,ivs ectecr t 1 P ' .e om e-- mash h N''ne ic w w fY aa In ornnner' . .ttmee one of th e ar es t coa ra ucinn nnines ln t le re eonA .t v vls noo nearl w rr e out orrl l __, .few nnY iner, , . e ein errr a

0 ] ' 'e n rawln stum e fY rom t eg mmin- ea ln. . g. ema orlt f ' ' ' 'o t e minerr w aJ p or ln nn ttis mine ra e workkk k, b b Dwh hat ls terme ml nerR a orse--h h hoe e add , e en runnnbb n 0

0 bt rou ll t e o wor in s o a ab ,,..n andd one mine f rg o t t tr. .oee of for ' ' ''n autafwe acr ff es o coa w lc a een eet ere, e ma a ana ement ha a a reat d a de of trr ou ie rr et. .tin t r ou h t ose o worlg gin n on ac -caunt of d, , , ac c arr. .ut wwt an e ner rtic ersever ance on t e art f fg otep p 1, caaat e mi r r 'ne s aa e en oSe aess e alr. e coal l ,J ta e fn root' ''' 'ine '

ls wee e on th 1, g e sstve sca es ae t at u th hhe oman o e.

.

ew o e zne.p , . ,, ' ' e en nn minnnt an a ooc o enin s s sr rr t o .ere e e g g g ' t rltt tt f e o oat o e i t e ras t e r e a r e r o m ss xn t oee mmne ' iners to ehe enuiree twllic relo f t e c o a qn the to ,ale ohs pp p

' onsl lra aeee ee ett t ttt,t eeraare u uu acirrver c ' ccount o ac c aa' '''t o e e m i n e s a n aventt attll , .le introu u u 't ere le aor In n surr o u n i ng 1,the o wm gfrooozzn ,. . . ba tofull atten ee 11 care Yww wchnace Ylati n uro ventl . .o og ntl at10' the eet ven' har e. or recurin ne tt t e m a n i n c g .te ,, urz ttewel sca essoe, o ga ]e mean is emracticevery p

p' ' orrect,att rAminec ,

l e an 22ae,, y9 .. . .

' ' ' 'r rrrrn nttn nrr, t tt tteete t tls mmne. ,,,, , thhhn noo re a1r, ounn utow ee ers ut ias n nyea ,. . .'nes ot A t e miles corree .h ecand wellatllatlon oooven g g

gg tt t tt',,,,, ,rr rr rrs cott an nrr . .t

t ' 1 atton oa, ot t e onsad dt o tte m1neeu errnten ees , ,. . thediscaraan nractlca minereln a t orou u11n Y

, ommJ , ggi L L L Ldraft urtttee, a o teo ventl atton an n n ,natura mo e , ,, ' ines uu er ls1 temf ventt atlon in a. nace as a nneans o ..1 atttnthe onsaa ofthat t e mineul t tss h res .e en t e ,harC a a ,

, rha s an minnst than etto 1 Ytt]atter ven nom an lave e ,YP .. . ce ln t edueen iutrohas ateAn en iae yf t e re lon. ga g g' ii com an T.on nn to t 3e pcean lne g) b

bt o o.c car. . .' ' n e wltrs t tt mmne as eeurteen eateasto , ,or Y of t ee

' the oseession11 1nrt waa stlr e pe the uhlwut r. .e PP e ate , rac ..n t toa anc ron om ,um er an ,, , t hae een a ro -e t e m1ne.errt toerrntent eer eu ,, , h waterbowteb minin en nneersd re eongi e g, ften c c, em o

o r' a 1 re--tho t e inva ame Yhe1t. Yfr tuwas to e rawn o .fronnuntainb monne t ewae to tued to t 1e com andcom men

n1.

. . ' ' near t enn at t e owest oon. oelte ei e e innl e ,t eo , g'

' v ost an immensehii met o wou a e cchan ine. .leA An io t et it as enden srinte er,,senC su e a amone . . Peum o P . .YY Y

Y t rom t e1 draln 1h couu o m an t at ehis cartln to yre eP b bb b B re--r ert , oame com mmn b o oontes . Y P

. ee o e ine, ,P .. . . driven an ever re--1 were Y Y'hs etront an on eac , ,ho es In ' ddd the men en a e.sa et o gt lnsure t edoe Ycautxon em o . , blana

, , nfi ence ea aaco o Yhhd snten ent t owee su er1A.;

; . of water,he vast seata e tn as t ehe me Psi e t t'e e.;etan in .. . . i ent.

. in e accwit out a s ,kind rtt gf t is un e ,se o ge succe M

fft eare ez--' teaane ede a rea , Yn r to t os b0o Ya ee e erraten-f the sullttorls oal uec c Pustl e tt errence w icc

ent. ,

,; ,.

8 9

Heathug8 are being rapidly driven, to conuect this minewith Hoffman Slope. The distance from the one mine to theother is estimated to be 5,000 feet. The lift of coal that canbe taken frorr this mine, ernbraees the Vale, Winters andRoss farms, and on the north side, a large tract of land whichjoins the Old Alleghany Mines A locomotive engine is usedto haul the coal to the bottom of the sl-pe. The smoke andsteam are thoroughly cleared from the mine by a model ven-tilating lurnace, built for the purpose.

Borden Shaft.I inspected the Borden Shalt, owned and operated by theBorden Mining Company. It might almost be called the"Pioneer Coal Company' ofour region. It is one of the few ofour coal corporations that not changed hands in the last 30years, with all the depressions in our coal trade and financialdisasters experienced by our coal companies in that period oftime. This corporation has withstood them all, having beenunder the management ofa well-known and distinguished citi-gen of the county since the day of its birth. The depth ofshalt, from surface to bottom of big seam, is 154 feet.

There are two pumping engines—one of which lifts 83gallons per stroke, at the rate of 8 strokes per minute, theother, 11i3 gallons per stroke, at 5 strokes 1er minute—usedfor pumping the water out of the mine Also, an engine forhoisting the coal to the top of the shaft, where the mine-cardumps itself, thus saving the cost of dumpers. ma-chinery is of first-class order, and is kept in splendid condi-tion. The hoisting engine can hoist 1,000 tons per day,and I observed that it was run by a gentleman with a steadyhand and watchful eye. All the other improvements are ofthe most substantial character.

I noticed, as the miners descended to their work, a manwas stationed near the month of the shaft to see that, nomore than 8 persons went upon the cage at one time, thatbeing the number allowed to descend at once, and when allis ready, he sings out to the engineer, ''all right !" Thustaking every precaution for the safety of the miner's life.In descending, I found no jars. The machinery seems towork perfectly. In penetrating through the headings of thismine—some of them over a mile in length—i found everyold opening bra-tticed up ; trap.doors placed at all necessarypoints for the purpose of driving the air from one heading toanother; and also, two fine overshots for the purpose of car-rying the air overhead for the same purpose. The workingsof this mine are opened out on the double-heading system—the best mode known to secure good ventilation. I ia—

-spected every room in this mine, with the exception of a few-places in what is known as the "Fast Line Heading," theminers having quit work before I reached it. The ventila-

-tion is good. not a sign of "black -damp" to be seen.There is as good a ventilating furnace in this mine as I

&now of in the cunty, and if attended to as well as the two-or three days beibre I visited this mine, black-damp or bail

air is a thing of the past, but it must receive attention, as I-am infhrtned it is one feet above the level of thedowncast shalt, thus decreasing its power in warm weather,'but with attention, it is able to do the work designed for it.

I have often heard that this mine was about worked out, but

upon examination I find such is not the case, as there is alarge amount of coal io be mined from this shaft in the hi—

ture. It stands to day in first- rate condition—second to none

in the county. In case of fire, or any mishap to machinery,-there is a good horse road, by which t.he miners can leave themine safely.

I inspected the old Borden Mine, belonging to the sameThis mine is about worked out, employing only a

few miners drawing stumps—found the air not goof, owingto the damp weather, and the ventilation being on the nat-ural mode.

1 may state here that the Borden Shaft is exempted by

law from weighing the miner's coal. it is dug, and the laborof the miner paid br by measurement, which seems to give

general 81,tistaction to the miner, for I have never heard asingle complaint-.

Big Vein Mine.The Big Vein Mine is one of the mines owned and oper-

ated by the New Central Coal Company. It is ventilated bywhat is known the n&ural mode. In the upper headingsthe air is good, but in the tower headings it is somewhat stag-

nant. During my visit it was passable throughout the mine.

All the miners employed were engaged drawing pillars inthe first heading. The grades are very heavy and it is dihficult to get a quantity of timber to some parts of

the mine, but the superintendent faithfully exerts himself to

have as geOerOUS supply placed within reach of the miner as

he can. I tested the weigh scales and found them correct.There is still a large quantity of cial in this mine.

Koontz lldine.

This mine is opened upon the well-known Koonts property,

which is nearly all underlaid with the big seam of coal. Itii's also owned by the New Central Coal Company. The first

8 9

Heading8 are being rapidly driven, to conuect thi8 miaswith Hoffman Slope. The distance from the one mine to theother is estimated to be 5,000 feet. The lilt ofcoal that canbe taken froir this mine, embrares the Va'e, Winters anlROSS farms. an(1 on the north side, a 'arge tract of land which

jOinS the Old Alleghany iioes A locomotive engine is usedto haul the coal to the bottom of the si-ipe. The smoke anasteam are thoroughly cleared from the mine by a model yen-tilating lurnace, built for the purposes

Borden Shaft.I inspected the Borden Shaft, owned and operated by the

Borden Mining Company. It might almost be called the"Pioneer Coal Company' ofourregion. Iti8oneofthefewofour coal corporations thathas not changed hands in thelast 30years, with all the depressions in our coal trade and financialdisasters experienced by c)ir coal companies in that period oftime. This corporation has withstood them all, having beenunder the management ofa well-known and distinguished citi-zen of the county since the day of its birth. The depth ofshaft, from surface to bottom of big seam, is 154 feet.

There are two pumping engines-one of which lifts 83gallons per stroke, at the rate of 8 strokes per minute, theother, 1(i3 gallons per stroke, at 5 strokes per minute—usedfor pumping the water out of the mine Also, an engine forhoisting the coal to the tp of the shaft, where the mine cardumps itself, thus saving the cost of dumpers. rlllljg ma-chinery is of firet-class order, and is kept in splendid condi-tion. The hoisting engine can hoist 1,000 tons per day,and I observed that it was run by a gentleman with a steadybaud and watchful eye. All the other improvements are ofthe most substantial character.

I noticed, as the miners descended to their work, a manwas stationed near the mouth of the shaft to see that nomore than 8 persons went upon the cage at one time, thatbeing the number allowed to descend at once, and when allis ready, he sings out to the engineer, "all right !" Thustaking every precaution for the safety of the miner's ilf.In descending, I fbnnd no jars. The machinery seems towork perlectly. In penetrating through the headings ot thismine—some of them over a mile in length.—l found everyold opening bratticed up; trap•doors placed at all necessarypoInts for the purpose of driving the air from one heading toanother; and also, two fine overshots for the purpose of car-rying the air overhead for the same purpose. The workingsof this mine are opened out on the double-heading system—the best mode known to secure good ventilation. I iii-

-pected every room in this mine, with the exception of a fewplaces in what is known as the "Fast Line Heading," heminers having quit work before I reached it. The ventila-

-tion is good not a sign of "black.damp" to be seen.'rhere is as good a ventilating furnace in this mine as I

know of in the cunty, and it attended to as well as the twoor three days befOre I visited this mine, black-damp or bailair is a thing of the past, but it must receive attention. as Iam informed it is one hutlred feet above the level of the

downcast shaft, thus decreasing its power in warm weather,but with attention, it is able to do the work (lesigued for it.

I have often heard that this mine was about worked out, but

upon examiatin I find such is nUt the case, as thero is alarge amount of coal to be mined from this shaft in the to—

true. ltst,atidsto day in arst.rateconditi0n1_50 to nonein the county. In case of fire, or any mishap to machinery,there is a good horse road, by which the miners can leave themine safely.

I inspecte(l the old Borden liue, belonging to the same

eoioptny. This mine is about worked oUt, employing only a

few miners drawing stiimps—.-fond the air not ool, owingto the damp weather, and the ventilation being on the nat-

ural mode.I may state here that the Borden Shaft is exempted by

law hum wtighing the miner's coal. it is dug, and the laborof the miner paid for by measurement, which seems to givegeneral s,,tistaction to the miner, for I have never heard asingle complaint.

Big Vetfl Minc.The Big Vein Mine is one of the mines owne(i and oper-

&ted by the New Centrtl Coal Company. It is ventilated bywhat is known a the natural mode. In the upper headingsthe air is good, but in the lower headings it is somewhat stag-

nant. During my visit it was passable throughout the mine.

All the miners employed were engaged drawing pdlars in

the first heading. The grades are very heavy and it is dilficuft to get a suffiient quantity of timber to some parts of

the mine, but the superintendent hithfully exerts himself to

have as geteroUS supply placed within reach of the miner as

he can. I tested the weigh scales and found them correct.There is still a large quantity of coal in this mine.

Koonlz .Mine.This mine is opened upon the well-known Koontz property,

which is nearly all underlaid with the big seam of coal. Itis also owned by the New Central Coal Company. The first

10

object which attracts the eye of a visitor to this mine, is thefllarge stack of the ventilating furnace. If a small additionwere added to its height, then it would be the best ventilatingfurnace in the George's Creek coal-field. I visited everyworking-place in The mine and found the air good in everypart. The grades are very heavy, and in the upper headingsare heavier than in any other mine in the region. Prepara-tions have been made by the superintendent to construct an in-clined plane, 1,500 feet in length, to run the coal from theupper heading to the lower. I am also informed that thecompany contemplate placing a locomotive engine in thelower heading to haul the coal out of the mine. It is aston-ishing that an engine not been placed there already, forit could only accrue in advantage to the company, because itwould be much more certain and economical than the largeamount of horse-power now employed. With the splendidairways and the furnace power at command,there can be noobstac'e found from smoke or steam in the mine. The heavygrades are the greatest impediments to economy in the work-ing of this mine. When drawing pillars, all the props, cross-ties and rails that can be secured with safety to the men, aresaved for use elsewhere. The vast ramifications of this mineshow at a glance the directing mind and skillful hand of thepractical miner. The perfect condition of everything aboutthe mine proves the gentleman in charge to have a clear in-sight of his business in all its details. Timber isto the miners in abundance, The weigh scales are

MidlotMan Mine.The Midlothian Mine is owned by the New Central

Company. The coal that is now taken from it, is minedfrom an adjoining property, which belongs to a gentle-man 'who resides in Cumberland. A certain royalty ofso much per ton is paid to him by the company forthis privilege. From the mouth of the mine to the boun-dary of the property, a distance of 1,700 feet, the grade isvery heavy. Here, a cross-heading intersects it, and runningalong the boundary line, one end of it crops out into day-light, while the other end touches the boundary in an oppo-site direction. The opening made by the cross-heading servesto admit air for ventilating the mine, and is also a conveni-ent road for conveying timber into the workings. Thetorn coal is lifted here, the ventilation is good, and the weighscales correct. From actual observation, I think the lessorwas fortunate that such a man was placed in chargo of thismine, if the property were his own, he could notmore coal from it per acre.

11

Johnson Mine.

The Johnson Mine is situated on the opposite side of the

George's Creek from the Midlothian Mine; it is also owned

by the New Central Coal CompanY ; this mine is alsO under

the charge of Lieutenant James Thompson, who has the

charge of the MidlothiMi Mine. The coal in this mine is all

below the water level ; all the coal ab ye water level having

been taken out through the old Johnson Mine. Hence, to

reach the coal, a slope has been driven from the old Johnson

workings to the dip, and a heading rapidly driven at right

angle to the slope along the line of the adjoining property,

thus a lift of coal four hundred wide. While the

heading was being pushed forward, water had to be tapped

in two places. This was well done, practically and scieutifl

cally, without the slightest accident. The splendid way in

which this and other diffioult mining operations have been

by the gentleman in charge, proves him to be

equal to any other mining engineer in our region. The

General of the New Central Coal Company,

is a gentleman of fine business qualifications and has a

thorough knowledge of the coal businesS, acquired by years

of practical experience.Blaen Avon Mine.

I inspected the Blaen Avon Mine, owned by the Blaen

Avon Coal Company. This mine is much more extensive

than I expected to find it. The ventilation was good, and

the miners supplied with timber. Here the bottom coal is

lIfted in the rooms and pillars, too. I inspected the weigh

scales, which were not properly adjusted. There was too

much weight allowed for the empty car; I saw the scale ad-

justed, allowing 1,300 lbs. for the weight of' the car, which

I think, is a just allowance. There has been a good deal of

grumbling by the miners employed, about weight. I inspected

the weigh scales several times, and found them correct each

time. I asked for a copy of the oath taken by the weigh

master, which is all I could ask.Bowery Furnace Mine.

I inspected the Bowery Furnace Mine, owned by the Cum-

berland Coal and Iron Company. I found the ventilation of

this mine good. The timber is supplied to the miners. I

found the weight allowed for the empty car to be too great,

and I saw it adjusted. The coal from this mine is used on

the property for the manufacture of iron, but owing to the

depression in the iron trade, the furnace is blown out, and a

large number of men thrown out of employment. It is to

--

—'

1

' w' tra t t f vi 't t i i' °ect ic at c s e e e o a si or o t neYt e tl t aar e stac 0 Il a lq urnace a Btrla ltlr . . .to its t th n lt would t e eatwere a e b, e e n

t r ' "rnace ln e eo s re k coa - e, vl vu e s e ery. . o . . .na- lac in 1 e mine aworki e nd f d t e air in ev rbp ozn oo eye ver v

't

'st are h nd r eadinar . g y, a e u e gP P p

avi t i'

t n'h er an a an th r min 1are e y o e e n e re r e7aran r'ons hav n made b th q i t t a'ti e ee e, u er nte d o constructy P

. . .ft h » rne I e ln t o tl tba e en t r n al f mc lne ,, e co o e. .u er leac to t e ower ain a ea inf t at t eb . o ecom an contem acln ey P b

w e a i n t. o h a u t. h e t f e m l to o o t 1 n e. s t o n. .'

ati a a r a rl nOt ee ce e e e 0b Pit eou on accrue in a vantaae to t le com an it3' Yw u e muc more c rtain a d no t ro e n eco e d eotntf r- w '

t 'a m i o o s e o e r n v e, t h e s e n 1p oy ppt n R, , ,1r le f t m cana a e moY

stacle f aa fr sm k or t n 1 av0 ou m o am th ml e 1o e e e yrad s r th t st ' 't t ' t w-e a e e rea e im e lmen s o econom- in e org Yp

f' th i'

rID o drawln 1 a s a tb ro s crob s en , e ,ttee an ra s t at can ur d t th ar1 e sec e y o efr w

' a' oti is ved o lse h r he v t ml c tl n f s m nea e e e, a e r a o sw 1 t

's i hand t's t a ti d n oo a ance e rec n min s t e. . .

ra tner h rf t v rt o dlin oat e e ae c e nb

i t im r is su lie :e t o is n a s e alle eg PP. . .to t e miners u e rc, e e ar ectd zot zan zne,

. . . . ,he t ot lan 1 w t w e trane ie b e no ne y e oa. . .oro an e c a] ha i w take m lt ls mino t t e no n ro eYf m an n ro o el p y, ic e o g. . .d la t ire 1 ea n umb r ro a to s i r d A e n ae n. c a y y

- . .muc e ton is al t hr com anr o m e orP Y Aft h -t ie e e, rom t e mout o e to t e ounbdr ' f 'a o t ert te ev Ce ,

v r eav H r r int 't an r nnie , e e c e in ersects uY y g tit -a on t e oun ar ine one en a lt cro o n o daY 9. .1 t t e d tou s da in anther n c t r o o-o e e e oun y PArgite ' a mad erve o enin e t e cros, esp a Y Y. . . .t t i ao s e

t r r ao t t e o te bb

. ,f ha et e o aa

ee o t t et t t ta iu oa n c b'

r noe e cer

n ta .. l o, ole sltulnson lnc , . ,, wne1 0e a . 1t is a 80lan nne,ot, 111, t e , .rom dere e iee lso uneorg g mine ee a}119n ta otnaY,eutra a a thet e ew w, o ag

g hom sonant tme$ $ , , .euteeLl 11f ,har e o , lne ia ae c hl8 CIlt t In tt tZe cooiaii lne. .hdlotf t le 1 aviahe o ve ehar r ec , wateb ve. al athe co1 .1 alevewater , , Ce toothe ee ,be ow wne,1hnsond oo the oout t rouu nsan11ta aen d o1een the on f rommeen rrve ,haalo e . - -a a htcoa a rl, ,,e th t t .. V l1 areac c. ., 11 ri e een i Yhea a.. dd an a a , . .. to t e , .. ro ertP Pr la n YYwo olnn n p. cche a aat .eo Jt e inlontteea ee eet eto oan e et ww e,. . hun re efourf coo ,r itt o ed1V1D D tthua a ta et t r water aa s e erra a . 4in uwas s , ,clenttea ln _. t,lcc an b7 ac y .. We onn, pp hhs wass aces. . . , 'd wa lntwo . en 1 Yin , nt, ,e ss htest acct eut t e s 1 .. eeeo b1 ttl V 0] w, , s saca attonn n minna opei

i . lt .u utll er r rdo en bhhs a iu tot hlhw Ic h ar e rovesn in n n n .ent ema ,heb t . heglleelis ., m Y . . lon,, acco o on our 1eennlneerller mitling g,n ot nal to o 1 00 0u Y oa YYe al IIentrq the ew ,f, , , ,t U ,, ,riuten e e au . ha. S n1 aenee a p atlonaalt c ,uulneas u. qf nelemmn o earsnt ' be die a ulre y. c cg gaaa, uslnee ,hh ca of th hnow e et orau ,aa'' 1 ex erlence.ractl ,a ,f oo

. n von 1 1 t ine .ae 1 aenntheow ae e .11 ine. Avon nt e aen , Peecte , xtensllns ]1 more aa cmmnz is muhisa um anyy y ano dP . o0von lation nvae g ,veatlit, 1ed to ncte a aaa an ex e . . , ottom cot . t t. er, eie ,h ttmwit .lieu hhnerr s p , wwlm A ttt e teeee ecc ttt,, 1 arrr roooo on n .++ g g 04te ln here waa1 uste .. 1 at ro erwwre no a aa es wwc . t eeca eSC C p gaw ,. m t cart e e y ydo ,,, t a owe . W icmuc ce e e t e carfht o o. .rreweee,. 1 1. o031a owln , dea ote g o00uu u been a. as g. here .. 1 owance,ust a ais a a ectekt in 1 1nht,, . ee PP out wabb

. nersem ooo oo t e mlln rect eacrum Y corb hemun tt tlmee an n nles severa ah sca welt t wei t et ta en Yll e oa. ftr a co oo YPdketime, a aa a

1 as .ls a couaster w lc ,m ,,nace eneeower uu

. t e uu.. ine owne ,. Wee urnac , .. lle o Yte ttns ec ti atton ooun t e venr n om any. .Io .an oa an . ers.er to t i e mia. r le su 1eetinnene oo o reatls ml too ,t bear to. tcr t eem y .t a owe o . .he we1 e ont g g usfoun ine 1. . omtYSmfrr e coa .ste . .duut t heaw to tan n ut owwnture e lron,e manu ac ,. for ttrt at e ro ovn out ann n rnace le o o. . t e un tra een t e iro , tareesson t 11e ent., em o mmo Yt rown oum Qr o menar e nu

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12 13

be hop d, that this stop;)age may be only of temporary dura-tion.Empire Mine.

This is the only mine in this coal basin where the six foot,ein of coal is worked. It is the property of the Piedmonteoal and Iron Company. There are not many miners em-ployed in this mine yet. Tue weigh scales are correct, arid asufficient snptly of timber is furnished to the miners.There has been much energy (lisplaveil by the officials ofthis company in placing their coal in the market. A strong,local prejudice against it does exist. When cleaned fromimpurities. it is a better quality of coal than that minedfrom the Clearfield region, and the central c)unties ot Penn-sylvania. We know that this same Pennsylvanian coal is astrong competitor with the coal from our big seam. Wemay a prosperous future for our small veins, ifthey turn out as well as this mine is doing.

The Buck II iii Mine.I inspected the Buck lull Mine, owned by the George's

Creek Coal and Iron Company. This mine opened uponthe double-heading principle. Extending from the mouth ofthe mine to the thee of the workings, there are two headings,3,500 feet long, with a pillar 25 feet thick between them. Inone of these headings the empty cars are taken into the wine,and the leaded care are taken out througa 111'i other. Atintervals of 500 feet, there are cross—hea tin to right andleft. This mine is ventilated by the niode of natural atinus—pheri circulation. Though I disapprove of this method ofventilation, still, I am bound t, admit, that every deviceknown to the of ventilation, has been intelligentlyand effectively applied by the gentleman in charge, to securethe best circulation of air. The are driven wellahead—all old openings up—arid trapdoors hungat the proper places. When the inside rooms have reaohedthe boundary, the cross-headings, mentioned before, atedriven rapidly to their destination. d'awing of the pu-lare is now begun, while the props are yet in a good whole-some condition. The pillar is now cross-cut and drawn clown,till the props indicate pressure 'vomi, above. The props areundermined and taken out, letting down the top coal, whichis then loaded. Props, cross-ties and rails are all saved foruse in other parts of the mine. The pillars, near the head-ing, are drawn in the same way, and as the coal is taken out,the strata above gives way. I was astonished to find the pil-lars drawn so near to the heading, without any visible crush.

vpon the ribs. The ribs stand as solid as when the minerscut them. Each pillar drawn fifty feet ahead of the other.While the inside pillars are being drawn, the outside roomsare being driven. In case of danger, a safe retreat is thus

fOr the miner. It would be hard to convince me,that there is more coal, per acre, mined from the big seam,than is taken from this mine. The drainage is perfect.Among the 157 men employed in this wine, I did not hear amurmur rr complaint.. All seem content.

l"rom the opening of this mine, some ten years ago, untilMay, 1881, it was under the management of Mr. John Doug-]as, Jr , who removed in that time over one million tons ofcoal, with but one fatal accident.

Dug Hill Mine.I inspected the Dug Hill Mine, which is also owned by the

George's Creek Coal arid iron Company. Here there arereally two mines. In one of them a locomotive engine is usedfor houlirig the coal out of the mine. I rode into the mineon time engine and found, not smoke, but a strong current ofpure air. The air ate gulated by a series of trap—dons. As the temperature of the air outside of the minemay afiert the natural draught, these trap doors are so ar-ramig d that advantage may ays he taken of it. There isalso a ventilating furnace for the purpose ofdiawing off 'hesmoke. The am are so perf'eet that is impossi-ble br the smol:e to stay in the mine, or reach any of theworking places. The two mines are connected, and ore maygo in by the one arid out by tLe other, and not know by theair that a locomotive is used. here the miners were atwork the was good. The gentleman in charge ofthe inside work enforces very rigid rules for securing thelive8 arid limbs of his employee. The other portion of thismine— really another mine—is operated by horse-power. Ithas a lurnace i r drawing away the black-damp and otherimpurities. The is good. Where necessary,there are .trap-d ors, and old openings are bratticed up.—Every precaution is used to secure the miner from impureair. The impression left on my mind is that the mines ofthis company are under the eyes of practical, energetic men.The provisions of the law are fully carried out.

The nianagenient cf the different mines belonging to theGeorge's Cieck Coal and iron Company, have been for overtwenty-five years in charge of Mr. John Douglas, Sr, whecommenced his mining career as a trap.door boy, in themines ot Scotland, and won his way to his present honorable

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. ro s, Gri)gg-ttes s,n r i ia I ats eal. srrve orr8 in ot er arta i 'o t e mtn e. e__ ars near t e e. h, , eaao , are rawn nn t e eam mm mw a and ay, s t 11 coa 1S ta a t. enou,t e $$r r r rata a ov e eves svay. was asto --- nt, , le to n t e eers . .''ttPa FQ pE''C t0 1 ' ' ,. .e ll ll lo wwth out an nnsss, e c rue

. . . ,t e ri iq e rr s stan a9 so 1 as w en t e minerrU on ,, ,

,

, , rrwn n n n n.,ctt t t tm . .c t t,r t t tt a aa a a o ooo o,. . . , . .

t. . lll r ar ee dr wn t oo oohh ee i RR i a s e n a e Ytei r ome n eE g , e s. . . .

v v f dan r a f r tbb n n a e o e a e r t e a s sare e e rr en, n c e e e t uuuu ... ' t ww ww h cl ccnvve 1 r t Pr ulci e ar tu rs. ar h hn ce ttec o e m . ,h

' '' ', rar in 'rrrth bit tn e 1 c e ed f fearot a er e 1 mmr c a e m o eep p g fa ,1 ll P88 )1 1s m n. T ddna ees rf!! !s taken rccm th e e e eCt.t tn

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n n

1514

'position, by a display of capability and energy worthy theemulation of all young men. &ty predecessor in office havingreflected upon Mr. Douglas, in his report, as exhibiting wantof courtesy toward that gentleman in his official capacity, Ifeel called upon to say that in my official intercourse withMr. Douglas, I was treated always with the urbanity of agentleman, and with every consideration due to my officialposition. It is also due to Mr. Douglas to say, that duringhis management of the affairs of this company, millions oftons of coal have been removed from its mines with but fourfatal accidents, up to July 1, 1881.

Old Detmold Mine.I inspected the Old Detmold Mine, owned by the Mary-

land Coal Company. On account of black-damp, this minehad been idle for several days before my visit. At the faceof the heading where the miners were at work, the lightscould not be kept burning because of the black.damp. Onlya few men are employed in this mine All the coal lefd, is apillar on each side of the heading. There is no current ofair—the pillars being drawn back 1,700 feet, and the roofall down—there is no return for the air. The gentleman incharge professes to ventilate the mine by a furnance locatedat the back of the mine. This furnace has to draw the damp1,700 feet over the broken strata. Itis rather a novel theoryof ventilation.

The Savage Mine.The Savage Mine, owned by the same company, was so fullblack-damp, that no miners could work in it. The few

men employed in these two mines, arc only asked to workwhen the air is good in them, which is generally during coldweather. If an example of the failure of natural ventila-tion in the George's Creek coal-field is desired, it may befound in these two mines. The managers contend that itwould take more expense to ventilate them than the coal theycontain is worth.

Kinysland Mine.I inspected the Kingsland Mine, which belongs to the same

Lompany. This is a very extensive mine. The air was pas-sable. I visited every room in the mine, and found themwell timbered. A full supply of timber is furnished.Onefurnace is supposed to draw the damp from the Old DettnoldMine, the Savage Mine and the Kingaland. Though theairways were all in good condition, in my judgement, it isentirely too small for the work it is required to perform. Ilelt the mine by ascending an air-shalt.

New Detmold Mine.The New Detmold Mine is opened upon the property of

the same company. It has been idle for some years. Thisis probably the best laid out and most scientifically plannedmine in the George's Creek coal-field. The quiet, unassum-ing boss, who is in charge, is one of the best theoretical aswell practical miners in the region. This mine has acapacity of 1,200 tons per diem. This gentleman now hascharge on the inside of all the mines of the Maryland CoalCompany.

Mine.The American Coal Company has two mibes opened upon

their Jackson property, at Lonaconing. Although the open-ings are more than half a mile apart, there is only one vastmine inside. I inspected the mine, and it took me from 8A. M., to 3 P. M., to visit every working place. In theolder opening an incline plane 2,000 feet long, has been con-structed. This plane has effected a great saving in horse-power. The air is good, except in a few exceptional places.When the miners find the air bad in these places, they havethe choice of moving to places where the air is good. The

of the mine could be greatly improved by the useof trap-doors, and also by bratticing up old openings with.boards. By this means the strong current of air passingalong the headings might be utilized and conducted to theplaces where the miners are engaged at work.

As a general rule, there are no cross-cuts in the pillars ofthe mines of the George's Creek. The ventilation of thismine might be greatly improved were cross-cuts driventhrough each of the five hundred feet long pillars. Here,when the pillars are drawn, the props are taken out and thetop coal let down and loaded. Nearly alt the old rails andcross-ties are taken up and removed, with the props recovered,for use in other parts of the mine. There is still a largeamount of coal to be mined from this property. Everythingabout these works seems to go on like clock-work—withouta jar or halt. Contentment beams from the begrimmedfaces ot the men employed. The provisions of the law areicomplied with in every respect.

Caledonia Mine.The Caledonia Mine is also the property of the American

Coal Company. It is situated near Barton, and has been idleThr severa4 years. Iiowever, a large body of coal yet remainsdo be mined from it..

1

15

" a ii an r' w.rion s o a dslt eae o th theY P Y Ygt.

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t af a' ' t ''is ma emen t ir t hl c an ib e a s o s om , mi o

n f a' ' 'hv r i wa e ee r mov # m ,a n e e 0 tS tn1DC8 ut our

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RR1 aa f n uld r tt r v t e useeeat ttccc o t e ml e co e ea cn o eY,. . ,

, tI'' ' 0 rS an a 80 t'attr inn ll 0 0 8nlnnr5 wlt 11 0 C1 b D

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. thr mea rrr rr nt ir r-1as sn nb r B n ee n e f a. soa P, s s t s o cu oY Y L' bt h'' ii t' ' d ancl to tte in m ht b 1 i o d te.. oo ea s e u ze c n uc eb , b

b c th r ar ra ed t w ra ee w ere e mine e e en a o...rlr e t r r- roo a ene e u ere e e no c oss cuts ln t e i a sg g ' ' ' ftt e mines ot t e eor e s ree . he ventl ation u isgg' m' ' t b r t' m d w r rr- t ri nnniue i e ea a rove e e c osb bu s d vee g Y P

P t ro h ea h o th v hundred feet onn illar . Hereu g c e e e p s ,,

tlle '' r a r w t r t ah n t a re n e o s ar takea o n t eee s a , e uu p .aded-- coal et down and Nearl [ t e rai aop o , y a o an

,, os' nd r r r1 r d d tr t es ta a mooe i h 1 r co rr s- ae euu e t e o s e veeA A p P P

"r ei . e r f t ine r' t'I us th r a he i i ao n o tso ou , ee s s ar ee goo o i i t ii r er v r ''m un n,l t m n m h t thh CO D U8 e [0 5 0 . e ln.. Yll P b

b bt w se e 1 *-w r--w' tth e e v i c k thhkkou es or s ms to 0 0 0e c o o o ougg' t t t f r r r''' 'r ar ha ntentm nt beams om tt e 11, ,, , o e g mme

e

f t e d llo''

n t ww,re o e m n em o h vi of he aac s 1 e e sio s 1 e. p p p P

w w

ws m r r wlth '

r t,

,o e In eve y res ec ,-

, ,, anza zne. ,,. , . .. a e ll oo ro eron ine ls a e e t o t e Am rl ap e cuY

,

... oa m a t ts sitaat ear io n, e n artoa an ttas een eP P P

, or rev raa a - iv vv ra 'e e d r s, o e e r a a e o o c o a e t r e m a l v ss s a a

.

.::o e mine f'rom iii,

, ,

16

17

The soperintendent of the mines of this company is apopular and well-known citizen of Allegany cotmty,. wholately been honored by the people in a public capacity.

Fekin Mine.opening upon the Atlantic Coal Company's property-

at Pekin, is called the 'Pekin Mine.' It afforded me greatpleasure to meet with the frank and genial superintendent ofthis company. He believes in the common sense principles.of mining. He said that he employed a well-known prac-tical miner as mining boss. Hence, his aim is not to stuffhis head with the wise saws of scientific nhiniug. bitt tosecure dividends to the stockholders, science or no science.If he can remove more coal per acre by common sense math—-ods, he considered himself justified in throwing scienceof mining to one side. Proceeding to inspect the mine, heasked me to notify him of anything I might find Wrong,. and,as a good citizen, he would have it made right at once.Most of the miners employed are engaged in drawing pdlars.At the time of my visit, the air was passable. l)uring theseason, there has been trouble in sonic parts of the- mine-from black-clamp. A ventilatiiig furnace would remove this.diffienity. The necessary timber is furnished. The weighacales are correct. The law is obeyed. I left this mine witha strong conviction, that as much coal per acre is taken fromit as from any mine in the region. Besides, it is as ceo—-noniically managed as any mine I know of, because it is ruaupon purely business principles. - -

The Pictsburg and West Virginia Railroad Company baa-recently secured the services of this gentleman, at. Elk Gar—den, in which they are to be particularly congratulated.

Potomac iWine.I inspected the Potomac Mine, situated upon the property-

of the Potomac Coal Company, near Barton. I tested the-weigh scales, and found them correct. The miners aresupplied with timber. The air was good, except in the lower-heading, which is driven beyond the air-ways, and in two orthree rooms. I would suggest as I think a sufficient remedyto the stagnant air tound in those places, the driving of cross-cuts to the air-ways. The grades in this mine are veryheavy. Considering the difficulties that had to he overcome,.the superintendent is worthy of credit for the way he has-surmounted them. The mine is in good working oriter.

The Union Coal Company.I inspected Harnihl Mine No. 2. There are not

miners employed in this mine, and those employed are draw-

ing pillars. I found the ventilation good.

I inspected Hamill Mine No. 3, 1 found this mine to be

very extensive, and one of the bc-st laid out in the coal-field.are large and roomy, and are located in the

proper places, with all the old openings carefully brattic-ed up.

All required to make it a model mine, is a ventilating furnace.

It took roe six hours to inspect every working—place in this

mine. I found the ventilation good, on account of the warm

temperature out-side of the mine.1 inspected the Mine, belonging to the same com-

pany. This mine is more extensive than reports led me to

expect. In this mine, as well as ia Ilamihl Mine No. 3,

the whole height of the vein is mined out in a number ofplaces—measuring nearly 12 feet high. These mines are

ivell supplied with timber, and the miners satisfied with

the weighing of their coal.The property nt this company lies at the southern end Of

the coal basin, all of which is underlaid by the six-feet

vein which has recently been opened, and which can all be

mined out above the water line, thus greatly adding to the

value of the property. The officials of this company all ap-

pear to be gentlemen who thoroughly understand their busi-

ness -Baltimore and Hampshire Goal Company.

I found Mine No. 1 in first-class order.Mine No. 2 has but few men employed—principally ki

drawing pillars. This mine adjoins a tract of land containing

the Big Vein, belonging to Senator Davis, of West Virginia,

which could he advantageously mined from this opening be-

fore the pillars are drawn. I learned that the miners in

this mine are not supplied with a sufficient quantity of tim.

bar. I called the attention of the soperiutendent to this

fact, and lie promised to have it remedied at once.I inspected tire Midland Mine, belonging to the same com-

pany. found a number of men employed iii drawing pil-

lars, where the top-coal was down and, the slate not propped

up. I was astonished to find miners so regardless of their

lives, as to -be found working in such places. I pointed out

their danger to them, and requested them to leave it. The

superintendent told me that he had ordered them to leave

these places before. If the coal is so valuable that it must

be gotten out of such places, let them be timbered, and made

safe for workmen in them. I inspected the weigh

2

The

snp

erir

itend

ent o

fth

e m

ines

oft

his

com

pany

i a

high

Ty

popu

lar

and

wel

l-kn

own

citiz

en o

f A

llega

nyco

unty

,. w

ho h

ash;

late

ly b

een

hono

red

byth

e pe

op'e

ina

publ

ic c

apac

ity.

Feki

n M

ine,

ThQ

ope

ning

upon

the

Atla

ntic

Coa

l Oom

pany

' pro

pert

yat

f'e

kin,

is c

alle

d th

e'P

ekin

Min

e."

1af

ford

ed m

e gr

eat

plea

sure

to m

€et w

ithth

e fr

ank

and

geni

alsu

peri

nten

dent

of

this

com

pany

.H

e be

lieve

s in

the

com

mon

sen

se p

,inci

pLe

of m

inin

g.H

e sa

id th

at h

eem

ploy

ed a

wel

l-kn

own

prac

-tic

al m

iner

as

min

ing

boss

.H

ence

. his

aim

isno

to N

tuff

his

head

with

the

wis

e sa

ws

ofsc

ient

ific

min

iug.

but

to8e

cure

div

iden

ds to

the

stoc

khoh

leus

, sci

ence

or

no s

cien

ce.

If b

e ca

nre

mov

e m

ore

coal

rer

acre

by

cnm

mon

sen

se m

eth-

ods,

he

cons

ider

ed h

irus

ell

just

ifie

d in

thro

win

gth

e sc

ienc

eof

min

ing

toon

e si

de.

Proc

eedi

ng to

insp

ect

the

min

e, h

eas

ktd

me

to n

cii1

y hi

mof

any

thin

g I

mig

htfi

td w

rong

,. an

d,as

a g

ood

citiz

en, h

e w

ould

have

it m

ade

righ

tat

onc

e.M

ost o

f th

e m

iner

s em

p'oy

edar

e en

gage

d in

dra

win

g pi

llars

.A

t th

time

ofm

y vi

sit,

the

air

was

pas

sabl

e.I)

urin

g th

ese

ason

, the

re h

as b

een

trou

ble

inso

me

part

s of

' the

- m

ine

from

bla

ck-d

amp.

A v

entil

atin

g fu

rnac

ew

ould

rer

nuve

this

diff

icul

ty.

The

nec

essa

ry ti

mbe

ris

fur

nish

ed.

'I11e

wih

scal

es a

re c

orre

ct.

The

law

is o

h€ye

d.I

left

this

min

e w

itha

stro

ng C

onvi

ctio

n, th

atas

muc

h co

al p

er a

cre

is ta

ken

from

it as

fro

man

y m

ine

in th

e re

gion

.B

esid

es, i

tis

as

eco—

-no

niic

ally

man

aged

as a

ny m

ine

I kn

owol

, bec

ause

it is

ma

upon

pur

ely

busi

ness

pri

ncip

les.

The

Pitt

sbur

g an

dW

est V

irgi

nia

Rai

lroa

dC

ompa

ny h

agre

cent

ly s

ecur

ed th

ese

rvic

es o

f th

is g

entle

man

,at

. Elk

Gar

—de

n, in

whi

ch th

ey a

re to

be

part

icul

arly

con

grat

ulat

ed.

Poto

mac

Min

e.I

insp

ecte

d th

e Po

tom

acM

ine,

situ

ated

upo

n th

epr

oper

ty-

of th

e Po

tom

ac C

oal

Com

pany

, nea

r B

arto

n.I

test

ed th

e'w

eigh

sca

ks, a

nd f

ound

them

cor

rect

.'P

he m

iner

sar

e w

elF

supp

lied

with

tim

ber.

rllh

e ai

r w

as g

ood,

exce

pt in

the

low

erhe

adin

g, w

hich

is d

rive

nbe

yond

the

air-

way

s,an

d iii

two

orth

ree

room

s.I

wou

ldsu

gges

t as

I th

ink

a su

ffic

ient

rem

edy

to th

e st

agna

nt a

ir lo

und

in th

osep

lace

s,th

edri

ving

of'c

toss

.cu

ts to

the

air-

way

s.T

he g

rade

s in

this

min

e ar

e ve

ryhe

avy.

Con

side

ring

the

diff

icul

ties

that

had

to b

eov

ercm

e,.

the

supe

rint

ende

nt is

wor

thy

of c

redi

t for

the

way

he

has.

Bur

mou

nted

them

.T

he m

ine

is in

goo

dw

orki

ng o

rder

.T

he I

klar

,ilan

d U

nion

Coa

l Com

pany

.I

insp

ecte

d H

amill

Min

e N

o. 2

.T

here

are

not

man

y'

17

min

ers

empl

oyed

in th

is m

ine,

and

thos

e em

ploe

d ar

e dr

aw-

ing

j)lla

rs.

I fo

und

the

vent

ilatio

n go

od.

I in

spec

ted

Ham

ill M

ine

No.

3,

1 fo

und

this

min

e to

be

very

ext

ensi

ve, a

nd o

ne o

f th

e bc

-st l

aid

out i

n th

e co

a1fi

eld.

Its

airC

Ofl

rSeS

are

larg

e an

(1 1

'OO

t11l

), a

nd a

re lo

cate

d in

the

prop

er p

lace

s, w

ith a

ll th

e ol

d op

enio

g ca

refu

lly b

ratti

ed u

p.A

ll re

quir

ed to

mak

e it

a m

odel

min

e, is

a v

entil

atin

g fu

rnac

e.It

took

roe

six

hou

rs to

insp

ect e

very

wor

king

-pla

ce in

this

min

e.I

foun

d th

e ve

ntila

tion

good

, on

acco

unt o

f th

e w

arm

tem

pera

ture

out

side

of

the

min

e.1

insp

ecte

d th

e Ph

ceni

x M

ine,

bel

ongi

ng to

the

sam

e co

rn-

pany

.T

his

mitr

e is

mor

e ex

tens

ive

than

rep

orts

led

me

toex

pect

.In

this

min

e, a

s w

ell a

s in

Ila

mill

Min

e N

o. 3

,th

e w

ho'e

hei

ght o

f th

e ve

in is

min

ed o

ut in

a n

umbe

r of

pace

s---

-1T

flea

SUri

flg

near

ly 1

2 fe

et h

igh.

The

se m

ines

are

all w

ell s

uppl

ied

with

tim

ber,

and

the

min

ers

satis

fied

with

the

wei

ghin

g O

f th

eir

coal

.T

he p

rope

rty

ot th

is c

ompa

ny li

es a

t the

sou

ther

n en

d O

fth

e co

al b

asin

, all

ofw

hich

is u

nder

laid

by

the

six-

feet

vein

whi

ch h

as r

ecen

tly b

een

open

ed, a

nd w

hich

can

all

bem

ined

out

abo

ve th

e w

ater

line

, thu

s gr

eatly

add

ing

to th

eva

lue

of th

e pr

oper

ty.

rfhe

off

icia

ls o

f th

is c

ompa

ny a

ll ap

.pe

ar to

be

gent

lem

en w

ho th

orou

ghly

und

erst

and

thei

r bu

si-

ness

Bal

timor

e an

d H

amps

hire

Coa

l Com

pany

.I

foun

d M

ine

No.

1 in

fir

st-c

lass

ord

er.

Min

e N

o. 2

has

but

few

men

em

ploy

ed—

prin

cipa

lly ic

idr

awin

g pi

llars

.T

his

min

e ad

join

s a

trac

t ofl

and

cont

aini

ngth

e B

ig V

ein,

bel

ongi

ng to

Sen

ator

Dav

is, o

f W

est V

irgi

nia,

whi

ch c

ould

he

adva

ntag

eous

ly m

ined

fro

m th

is o

peni

ng b

e-fo

re th

e pi

llars

are

dra

wn.

I le

arne

d th

at th

e m

iner

s in

this

min

e ar

e no

t sup

plie

d w

ith a

suf

fici

ent q

uant

ity o

f tim

-be

r.I

calle

d th

e at

tent

ion

of th

e su

peri

nten

dent

to th

isfa

ct, a

nd li

e pr

orfl

ise(

l to

have

it r

emed

ied

at o

nce.

I in

spec

ted

the

Mid

land

Min

e, b

elon

ging

to th

e sa

me

corn

-pa

ny.

-11

foun

d a

num

ber

of m

en e

mpl

oyed

in d

raw

ing

pu-

lars

,w

here

the

top-

coat

was

dow

n an

d th

e sl

ate

not p

ropp

edup

.I

was

ast

onis

hed

to f

ind

min

ers

so r

egar

dles

s of

thei

rliv

es, a

s to

be

foun

d w

orki

ng in

suc

h pl

aces

.I

poin

ted

out

thei

r da

nger

to th

em, a

nd r

eque

sted

them

to le

ave

it,T

hesu

peri

nten

dent

toid

me

that

he

had

orde

red

them

to le

ave

thes

e pl

aces

bef

ore.

If th

e co

al is

so

valu

able

that

it m

ust

be g

otte

n ou

t ofs

uch

plac

es, l

et th

em b

e tim

bere

d, a

nd m

ade

safe

for

the

wor

kmen

in th

em.

I in

spec

ted

the

wei

gh s

cale

s2

18

found them bound (fl one corner by the T rail of thetram-road connecting with them. I had the rail 'movedback, and the scales balanced.

I the Mihlar Mine of the same company. Thecoal in this nihie, situated above the water line, is all minedOut. It has a slope 900 feet in longth driven below thewater line, Up ti-is slope the coal is hoisted by a stationaryengine 1lacd inside the mine. In some of the rooms wherethe m ners at 01k, I found the pi ops hod become decayedand could not be depended (-U to sustain any strain. I calledthe attention of the boss miner to this fact especially, becausethe is bad. He em lily gave orders fo have the de-cayc-'d timbers replhc€d with fresh ones I inspected theweigh scales and found them correct. All the. mines he!ong—iii g to this co paii y are vent ilat eel by no tural ventilation.The air was passably good at the time of my visit, owingto the state of the atmostiberic temperature outside.

Swan tom iJline..The Swanton Mine, situated near Barton, is the property

of S. S. Lee & Son, of Accompanied by the su-perintendent, 1 inspected Mine No. 1. The distance from thepoint where we entered, to the point where the coal out-crops. and we came to daylight in a ravine on the oppositeside of the mountain, is nearly a mile. There are only afew men employed in this mine, and in a few weeks it wilt

finished, air is good, and timber supplied in'abundance. I asked the superintendent how he expected toventilate the mine when he drew the. pillars and let clown the

strata into the air-way which runs throughthe mountain ? Fle, an eminently practical miner, statedhis plans, and asked opinion of them. After a discus-sion of plans, the following was selected as the best That asquare box, constructed of two inch plank, should be laid onthe floor on the rib side of the heading

; that this box shouldbe large enough fbr a man to crawl through ; that it shouldextend from a point out8ide the mouth of the mine, on therear side of the mountain, to the place where the miners areat work drawing the pillars; and that it should be wellcovered with reuiise to prevent its being broken by thefalling roof when the coal has been all taken out. I am.happy to bear witness to the efficiency of the plan.During my last visit to the mine a strong current ofair was through the box after the roof thatwas above the coal had fallen and filled the air-passages. Theexpense incurred for plank to make the box was repaid ten-

fold. by the mci eased quantity of coal that the miner—whobreathed pure air and worked with a good light—wasabled to mine from the pillars. I feel certain that if a planlike this wore pursued in mines in a similar condition, stock-holders, who have their money invested in them, would beamply repaid fbr the outlay.

2.

Mine No. 2, on the same property as the one mentionedabove, and belonging to the same individuals, is a new mine.It is opened on the double-heading principle, which is con-sideted the t method of mining this kind of coal. I ex-amined this mine and noted that it is worked to its full height,yielding eleven feet of good ceal. The air is good and neces-sary timber supplied.

Mime No. 3.Mine No. 3 is another new mine which has been opened

on tho same propet ty as the above, into the three-foot veinit looks remarkably well. The weigh scales for these threemines is situated at the foot of the plane. It has been in use

nearly thirty years, and the figures on the beam are in-visible, but the weighmaste.r supplies figures with chalk. Icalled the attention of the superintendent to this fact, andurged him to have it. replaced with a new one, which I ampleased to say was promptly done.

Accident8 whteh were not Fatal.Of the twenty-two eases of non-ratal reported,

fifteen men were insured by ''falls of coal," three were in-jured by "mine cars," one was hurt by a pick in the handsof a fellow workman while at work, and three were injuredby cause unreported.

The -following is a list of the men injured, the cause whenreported, the nature of the injury, and the nines in whichthey happened.

I. Daniel Collins, injured by a fall of top coal and slate,in the Franklin Mtne.

2.- -Bradley Fagan, crushed by a of breast coal, in theHoffman Slope, of the Consolidation Coal Co.

3. George Goodman, crushed by a fall of breast coal, inHoffman Slope, of the Consolidation Coal Co.

4. Henry Jones, crushed between the rib and a mine car,in Hoffman Slope, of the Consolidation Coal Co.

5. Peter McKennan, leg broken by a fall of coal, in Hoff-man Slope, of the Consolidation Coal Co.

6. Christopher Nichols, leg broken by fall of coal, in Hoff-man Slope, of' the Consolidation Coal Co.

18

and found them bound on one corner by the T rail of thetram-road connecting with them. I had the rail movedbact, and the ci1es balunced.

I inpetd tie Millar Mine of the same company. Thecoal in ills min, situated above the water line, is all minedCut. It; la a slope 900 fcet in hngth drivon lelow thewater line, Uji thiS Sl(Pe the coal is hoisted by IL stationary€ngir)c lhlttC((i iiide the mine. In some (f the rooms wherethe m n€rs are at 'i oik, I fcnnd the piops had bcome decayedand could OUt be dep€nded n to iitain any strain. I calledthe atcerition of tbe hogs miner to this fact especially, becausethe rot is bad. He (•lTfl tly gaVe (ird(JS c) have the de.cayed tirubers rel)hc€(1 with iish ones I inspected theweigh ca1es and lound them cbrreet. All the mines be!ong—it) g to this coa paiy are ventilated by notural ventilation.The air was 1asah1y gnod at the time of my visit, owingto the state ot the atmospheric temperature outside.

Swanton A/inc.The Swanton Mine, situated near Barton, is the property

of S. S. Lee & Sn, of 1+a1ti!nore. Accompanied by the superiutendent, I inspected Mine No. 1. The distance from thepoint where we entered, to the point where the coal out—crops. and we came to daylight in a ravine on the oppositeside of the mountain, is nearly t mile. There are only afew inca employed in this mine, and in a tew weeks it willbe finished, ,f air i good, and timber i 8upplid in'abundance. I asked the supetintendent how he expected toventilate the mine when he drew the pillars and let down theupetinciimbent strata into the air-way which runs throughthe mountain ? He, an eminently practical miner, statedhis plans, and asked ray opinion of them. After a dISCUS-ion of plans, the following was selected as the best : That asquare box, constructed of two inch plank, should he laid onthe floor on the rib side of the heading

; that this box shouldbe large enough for a man to crawl through ; that it shouldextend from a point outside the mouth of the mine, on therear side of the muuntain, to the place where the miners areat work drawiug the pillars ; and that it should be wellcovered with reluse to prevent its being broken by thefalling roof when the coal has been all taken out. I am.happy to bear witness to the efficiency of the plan.During my last visit to the mine a strong current ofair was passing through the box after the roof thatwas above the coal had fallen and filled the air-passages. Theexpense incurred for plank to make the box was repaid ten—

19

fold by the incteased quantity of coal that the miner—whobreathed pure air and Worke(l with a good light—was eubled to mine from the pillars. I feel certain that it a planlike this were pursued in mines in a similar condition, stock—hollers, who have their money invested in them, would beamply repaid for the oittlay.

Mine No. 2.Mine No. 2, on the same property as the one mentioned

above, an(l belonging to the same individuals, is a new mine.It is opened on the double-heading principle, which is con-sidered the bef t method of nhlning this kind of coal. I ex—

amined this mine anl noted that it is worked to its full height,yielding eleven feet of good coat. The air is good and neces-sary timber supplieth

Mime No. 3.Mine No. 3 is arothr new mine which has been opened

on the same propet ty as the above, into the three-foot veinit looks rEmarkably well. The weigh scales for these threemines is situated at the foot of the plane. It; has been in usetot nearly thirty years, and the figures on the beam are in-visible, but the weighrnaster supplies figures with chalk. Icalleti the attention of the superintendent to this foot, andurged him to have it replaced with a new one, which I ampleased to say was l)roml)tly done.

Accidents which were not Fatal.Of th twenty-two ttse of nor-ratal ftccideut rportd)

fifteen men were injured by "falls of coal," three were in—jured by "mine cars," one was hurt by a pick in the handsof a fellow workman while at work, and three were injuredby cause unreported.

The following is a list of the men injured, the cause whenreported, the nature of the injury, and the nines in whichthey happened.

1. Dtniel Collins, injured by a fill of top coal and slate,in the Franklin Mine.

2.. -Bradley Fagan, crushed by a fll of breast coal, in theHoffman Slope, of the Consolidation Coal Co.

3. George Goodman, crushed by a fall of breast coal, inHoffman Slpe, of the Consolidation Coal Co.

4. Henry Jones, crushed between the rib and a mine car,in Hoffman Slope, of the Consolidation Coal Co.

5. Peter McKennan, leg broken by a fall of coal, in Hoff-man Slope, of the Consolidation Coal Co.

6. Christopher Nichols, leg broken by fall of coal, in Hoff-man Slope, of the Consolidation Coal Co.

-t—

20 21

7. John Creamer, crushed by fall of coal in Pompey-SmashMine, of the n Coal Co.

S. William Stapleton, col?ar.bone broken by a fall of coal,in Hoffman Slope, of the Consolidation Coal Co.

9. George leg broken in 1-ioffman Slope, Consoli-dation Coal Co.

10. George Carter, leg broken in Hoffman Slope, Con-solidation Coal Co.

11. Peter Radlord, crushed by fall of top coal in the BlaenAvon Mine, of the Blaen Avon Coal Co.

12. Frederick Jones, leg broken in Big Vein Mine, of theNew Central Coal Co.

13. James Mooney, leg broken in Big Vein Mine, of theNew Central Coal Co.

14. William Muir, pick-hole in head, made by pick in thehand of a workman in Johnson Mine, of the New CentralCoal Co.

15. Alexander Nichols, several ribs broken, jaw brokenand leg broken, by fall of top coal in Big Vein Mine, of theNew Central Coal Co.

16. Samuel Nichols, crushed by a mine car in the Old'Coney Mine, of the George's Creek Coal and Iron Co.

17. John I ord, collar bone broken by mine cars jumpingthe track in Old 'Coney Mine, of George's Creek Coal andIron Co.

18. Alexander Murphy, leg broken by a fall of coal in theOld 'Coney Mine, of the George's Creek Coal and Iron Co.

19. Joseph Graham, injured by fall of top coal in the Old'Coney Mine, of the George's Creek Coal and Iron Co.

20. Thomas Wilson, leg hurt by a fall of top coal in theJackson Mine, of the American Coal Co.

21. James Nairn, crushed by fall of top coal in the Newhope Mine, of Ihe Consolidation Coal Co.

22. Bernard Rogers, collar-bone broken in KingalandMine, of the Maryland Coal Co.

Accidents —FataLDaniel Mooney, driver, killed by mine car in Johnson

Mine, Jan. 25th, 1881.Benjamin Bowen, miner, killed by fall of root coal in Eck—

hart Slope.George Rankin, miner, killed by fall of top coal in Ramp-

8hire Mine.James Duckworth, miner, killed by loaded mine-cars in

Mine, March 15th? 1881.

Archibald Thompson, miner, killed by fall of top coal in

New 'Coney Mine, July 16th, thSI,Charles Bradley, miner, killed by fall of top coal iii Illeen

Avon Mine, May '10th,William Izentrout, driver, killed by mine-cars j0 Hoffman

Slope.Alexander Gilchrist, miner, killed by fall of top coal in

Kingsland Mine, Deer. tOth, 1881.Inquests were held upon the bodies of all the unfortunate

men, except that of Charles Bradley.The verdicts rendered exonorated the different companies

from all blame in accidents that happened in their mines.

George Rankin left his working place to get some loosecoal from the rib, was caught while loading it by a fall ofroof coal, which killed him.

The unfortunate man, James Duckworth, going to hiswork in the morning, and stepping from the track used forthe empty cars being taken into the mine, on to the one used

for taking the loaded from the mine, when he was runover by a train of loaded cars. The jurors on this case werepressed by me to recommend the amendment of the law, soas to require a tr tveling-way into the mine fer the usa of the

miners, but they refused to do soArchibald Thompson lost his life in the New Coney Mine,

by cutting out a prop which was supporting the roof. He

did this to make room fbr an empty car, in direct violationof the rules of the mine. This mine is under the charge of

Capt. Douglas, who enforces very roles for the safetyof the 'lives and limbs of the men under him. Over onemillion tons of coal have been shipped from this mine sinceit was opened ten years ago, and this is only the second fatalaccident whioh has happened in that time.

Bowen, who lost his life in the Eckhart Slope,was warned half an hour he was killed, that the roof

.in his working place was unsafe, and required to be sup-ported by props. lie neglected the order of the overseer,hence was killed by the root falling upon him.

in the cases of' the two drivers, Daniel Mooney and Wil—ham Izentrout, both were found dead—the one caught be-

tween a prop and the mine car, the other lying before the

wheels of' the car.I examined the place where Charles Bradley was killed,

and fOund that though plenty of timber was near, yet it wasnot set up in sufficient quantity, us it ought to have been.

My experience of over forty years in the mines, leads me tothe conclusion, that a large percentage of the lives lost in the

-, ,, ,reamer, us e coa

Y

t 1j ,.. . a nn n r e a. o

in Sln E of C G.9. ea r.n mae ge a e n n a onao r.

o.] 0 i n o'> >G an e n. Cob l b

so i atton oa1 t df r r f

!.1 e er a e a o to ln 1 a, , s y e en.itie ot t e aen oao . . ,, . .

2 r c r: n i1, eeY e oei en in o t, ,, ; ee0 .

1 I'0 lII . Tein 'oo u t eY7 DTew entra o1 .

. . . . ,

14 il lla 7 e n hm u o i e ina yof' a in Jo of' t we e entrar

u.

an r T' i, r'

ex lc severa r s b o en bro, , enn o aa e r f o ln1 n ofte, y e, eP bew entral n 1 o .

rl 1'

16, n ur ic crus le b a mine c r in the, y' 1 1 1pt S T U QG A .a . . ,

u or co ar ane ro en mine um int e trac ln ne ine e r e s re 1o , o o g e oa anYron o,

, f.xanc er ur e ro en a o cua ln eY1

' rd o e o t o rn tne he e ee oa an ron, g o... , ,

e 1] l C f t19 o r a n u ed o o coal ln tp Y pone e e s oa ronY2l) SOTI L r 11Ct a fa Of 3y c o l n e

a n e f t h m e c a nc s o , o e o o,.

, t,

1 n crus e f f w2 d o o a, ca t e eYo in ope e, oa .

Bernar o er$ co ar-b e r e ant arr an af U.ne o e o,,

ents-- +ccca .. . . .

anne ene rtv r r ',o y, e ee e 1T11 ll Cttt lo a nsooo YY

in an 2 t 18 1e .5 .> >

. . . .en amin owen mm ner t 1 d Fe a a roof coa an cJ J , YartSo e,

,

. . , .eor e an ln n>>ner rr f -e a o to coa in amg > > A

. ,

,e ere ene,ame$ uc w rt ' ' '

o mtner t e ed min - in, , y o e e care.in s an ine arc I t 11 15, , .

.,,,.' fa of to coa lddi e

e a, c om mson mmner,Arc c

c c,

, ''O ll@ @ . . . ,,, 8 8 ' ' ccca an aee. . oo too lemtner pra. ev , YYr rr r ,

. 11 1 11,a lOtn Mtnn .vo y y ,' ' ' mann e mine-carr rrl antrout rlver r y

,1 lam ze , ,

1 e. ,,Sop , .. aal l nnn I ll of ta co

o o le aa 11nee Pchrrrt n ,1 Yn er rriA exx xx x 18831.I OthUect .Minein s an , , ' ' ortttttttto. g a t e uucl tt on t1e ooe on uests were ee pq rrrr e .h ar eeet that o Y .men, eecee ,

r , dl lrent com annescl therrn nrate Pred eeaev rcciCtt ren .ee , .. ' 'n t etr aatnee.. th t a ene.

, , ,,ccc ents ap 1 C1 t 1 ppom m mm, ' ''r e to et some oosellclllnft llis wor gg tn nc, ekkn n nnear e

FF , , ' f'al l a aa it aa a ac loa lnhlle11 t YI'll WWS Cdll aa theffam aal lCO ' 'll77 'I e 11 ..vhic 4 ., f c,oa .roo , ' "vr ii9 991 CI I' '0 115r r r 8S l1C C WOt t nnf an nm , ,,tortanate ,..he tl ' '' ' ed foooo trrcll uss thee enrr rte ln fromii ttte tuorrlln , , Pp pw ork k'

, g iithe one u ec tlae mmne on too ttken nnt t ,beirrth e em t ccrs ,, , b n he was runwhethe enlne; , from ,, oo o,cc ea C C Sh loo,kin t eer t ,

, ° r r thtg cas° were, , , ,(le urors onn d ccrs.oaaleofain )ver r tt ,o y y y, ,v sU, f theendment a ,nd Che amm b me tu u ecommeeresse y .p , .. . f' th e, , for the us oo_ t the mmnecelln wa an oulre a trrto re 333 , nn nn f 1 SE EE 0 6U _erc llt tt ll 1 .min n . , ,'. . une enef f the ew wwl e in.

, hhs 3''on ogt. .hom mdrcllibbb b ,, . . . . f' ethe roo ,, , r Wtlb 6U )OI t1C11 hhlll t a ro pp pcuuttn an n , .P ..' ' v vvvvvv v

'' ' ''''' ''' '' ''C CC 1t1.O OO Ojj j ji i it 1111 1tt tt]] ] ] ] ,,t t

t t t ' harre ottie cder, +, hhh mine ls un oohe mine.ftle5 0thh rro , ,, , ,, , '' the ssttet

, , trrct ru as tot y, , ,, entorce5 vvr 55has Yd C, ou ,p p .. . hinl ver onee , , the mmn ttn er .bb c kd dmthe 111 ee en .o , ' mine elncethiss fromshi i ev Ueenc 1 hu ef cca E Ennt ion tons o. . , ci fatt,he eeconn 19 nl tthii oo,naears a o Ynea tteee ,l t w a s o e y yy .. , , t time.. .ed tn ttaa hh eth laslllccdent wc ipaa ,. , ,rt S o ehhkt EE f in ue e11 1, Pt hhssv h 1 osspww,D CC ,en amitl , ,J ,

. t the rooothaa lileFr he wasbet ehc7ur ralf anhhhag warne .. . be su -d toofe ee re ttlrr pp p ace wRR uns , qw kinn hll or ,, ,,,

- of t e averaeerr the or er rte eo lecc ce «e1cl cc - .tt v g.or pp p'' ' ' ' rr hhm,, , fa lin i ot 1. the t o0cl bbIle e Phence www y y. .1-

- - 1 ooae encDanieee tvers Yf the two c ,n t,h e caase9 0_

_ _ht e-- . aal-- e one cauure ttuulc e oth wettonttoutIze1 attt1 , ,f the, e foreher tacar t e othe mirre Y ncc t ,tween a ro anP

the car,1 otwhee a 1. r ,

TT T

T IIllll ,, ,1 e w aa. tt rrhhr eswwwere --

aa Ythe cee. QXXt7]1 CC p ' ' ' t lt WWSS [llber ww3 38dr 88 uC of tl l Yleeu hthf und that yand o AA , ,. , oo hhve een., as st ou t toooent uuutit ttn eu . YYnot set tt q . . ds me toleaears in n e minest aver urt terrence o yYYl ex .Y Y. he. . vvs ost tn tt tthe 1a r e e r c e n tt e oslon t at t nlucoac llghet ,

2223

mines are lost by the carelessness of the men themselves. Inmy opinion, there is not that strict discipline enforced in ourmines which ought to be. If overseers were held responsible forthe lives of the men under their charge, there sOon bea decrease in the number of lives lost. The present systemrequires every man to look out for himseif Some, throughignorance, and some, through neglect, do not use the precau-tions they ought to do.

Ventitaijon.Ventilation of mines consists in abstracting impure air

from the mines and the introdueijrn of pure air to take itsplace. To the miner this is an suhject in themanagement and conduct of a mine. On this subject I havefrequently expressed my views in tile local press, hence theyare well—known to the miners of our coal fields.

77(0 Present Mode of Venf?la/loflThe method now most generally in usc, is what is known

as the natural of vQntilatjon, all icough the artificialmethod, hich will be noticed further on, is in use in somemines, Common sense would seem to teach us that whenthe temperature outside the mine is the same as that inside,there can be no natural circulation of air inside or throughthe mines. Now, as it frequently happens, that there is thesame temperature outside and inside, especially during thespring and fall of the year, and in damp and rainy sons,the natural consequence must be that the air first becomes stag-nant, then impure and poisonous inside the mines, and there-fore totally unfit for man or beast to hi eathe. Fience the ne-cessity for some artificial means to keep the air circulating.This may be accomplished at all times by what is known as''Fire Draught or Furnace Ventilation." At the bottom ofthe up-cast shaft, where the air leaves the mine, a lurnace isbuilt and a strong fire kept. up to heat and rariiy the air.—The heated air seeks the line of least, resistance, which is theup-cast It cannot turn hack against the denser air inthe air-ways. As the cold air pthses over the fire it keepsstreaming up the shaft, making roru fir fresh air to take itsplace. Like human life, the greater the heat, the greaterthe hurry, and the sooner will the suolmons be issued:up Hence 1 reconiinend_

I, That Sections eight ad eleven of the Mining Ltcv, beamended, so as to secure sortie mode of artificial ventilation.

Many reasons might be urged h r the enactment of such anamendment. Nothing 'produces dissipation quicker amongour miners than bad ventilation. They crave fbr something

to restore the muscular relaxation and loss ol nervous energy

which working in a badly ventilated mine produces. Toe

only light which the miner has to light up his subterraneanworkshop is the glimmer of a small lamp. In the midst ofdanger he needs a certain light, but in bad ventilation it isuncertain, and sometimes witi not burn at all.

Hence, good ventilation will afford greater security to life—

will promote the health end good morals of the miners.

Surely it is an inaliena0le right of every roan that he breath

pure alt. It will do more than reifllitierate ml nc by

enabling the miners to take out more coal per acre.

Again, in SOITIC of our mines, I found strong curronts of

air passing along the heading roads, but very little of it, in-

deed, found its way to where the mcmi were at work—four

and flyc hundred feet away trorn the heading. A remedy

for this would he found in driving cross-cuts through the pit—

lars, one hundred feet apart. Then, by the use of trap doors

at the proper places, good air would always be found at the

working-places f the miners. From the great averagethickness our vein of coal, it admits of' large air-courses,

which can be made, without extra to overcome

the friction found in the smaller veins. Hence, there is nofor this state of things, besides, the laborers would be

able to do more work, which would accrue to the interest of

the stockholders of our coal corporations. 1 recoin-

mend —H. That Section Fifth, of the mining law be amended, so

as to require the superintendents, or persons in charge ot the

mines of the various coal corporations, to give immediate

notice to the coroner, or magistrate acting as when a

fatal accident has happened in the mine under his charge.Oar ZUiners.

There are about two thousand nine hundred miners em-ployed in our coal basin. A large majority of them are in-

dustrious and intelligent men They thoroughly understandthe business of mining coal. They are practical minersin every sense of the term. For the protection of their la-

bor, they are well united together and organized into S)Cie-

ties. My experience among miners, convinces me that intel-

ligent miners who belong to Trades Union, are the bestaLd most practical men to employ. Tney nearly always find

some means to settle dispptes arising between them and their

employers, without resorting to the old, expensive and un-

satisfactory method of strikes. The most intelligent arid.conservative miners do not always take the active part in the

..

. ,mines are ost c r ra e f. o t c men t emq c es. n.,o th . .ere i not tl»,t linee FP n e In our.

m2nes 1i t ut f. OVE'1 av el e, »nsibl efort e i ot re tr th e h ,{c e t lerc ea ecrease in the 'number f v0 1 i es l st ,. r e re, t t s s tem. yre to 1 o - , , '

S a1 r5 te h, , U illre ou n n .f f r, ,

le ty

r r

se n A ll lm, , lire air

. . , ,ronl th h , ,,e minns and t te lnt.ro iii,tl ln of fllrr, aar ttt tt, ,e ltsI

aCO. 0 tt7e Illll ` ' 'I111' t111S 11 1,17 7,11-] 11 ii CXI ( i'CCI]t Slll t t tC 1 Cl t t]]' 1 1, ,

ma,nn ement anc: canccc ct tf ''1 a ttt i n e. n I Illl Stl ) eCt t1 V,, a efr r 'e u nt ee ere,,se trrv c c , ,iews lcc tlle ccY cc1 1res5 Ilf'i1 e tt t C hhh h h. YY,re eTell-l:

:

: : : ,nown fo th ie rrtner9 ot o,,r ccccil fielccc ,

11T Tle 1' es ntr e 1!1 o c a ll l l -enlll lllon .

11 Illltt10 0 0, ,'ra w nnoo t en .r 1 1e 1 , ,vv' tt 1 n ll e 18 aa 1 S S[] ccvP nY, , . .f ls t e natural me eee ee

e et o ot t i .nn tllltt t t t ,n ss lii n 1 ttii He rti6 t, b cannetllad a ' ' 'h h h hv .

' ' 'c 11 ii r1 e e eottc cl furtl1er , ,, on, ii in n98 11l lSSSnE. ,

II111118, ,,1)II18i1 11111 1t111 1-- --- -,, , . . @A A AAC UUUU, ,nt e tem erature o tSi i' '' '''ll . e tt tnl nn 1 tt hh e atne as that ltltil((( e1t iere can e no natl ral ' '

a circu ul.tttn of' ',' ' ''r tnettl o tl rttc r i u uT

T

Tth , ,e mines. on aR Rt fr r f ff aen ha a, ,err t llt there e tY s eee e

sssse tcm ..erature olitside cl'

H' ' aan nri tttc ce, ,ecctill ccurrr n tl, E y le, bb ri c cn an n n n of thh e ar ai7cc 1 11p n am m an rrrn se eg g g onn' ee Y, ,

t e naatura conne uenccj mmm t ,,s etttat t r .t ll l ooea ar,tb bbmec es ata

. , n.nnant t en 1m ure an p160C1 ''' ..oua an icl . .. e ttt, p p p minee an t tre,,r r rroetta larrtfo or man or reriit ttt k>> tl .Y eaa aa, ,,nce t e ne. ,Cessit for Eome arttt ia arr

' 'c mm m ta k k aee t,h

'Y e aar circulatinP .. b

ltt ma ee,cccm lishee at a ,t 1 Cll ll l1 1ti 1 11 1 l ll lWY s 1 nny s.< <

<

11'e I`Alllr 1t OI' '' CU t'' ''

U d d d[ltlltttl 1o i. At thh bottoo mo. ,e u ,cast s »ft w ere tll e alr rrrree th nnn , ee ne a turrrace is. .

uilt a a a ', ,.pd d stion e .re et u to heet tl fri d > >ar the a --- - 11.I 11 .

e eeatee e' '" ,,

, ,' ''r see s tte ene oo le , ,ast res 5tance wh II1C 1 19 tb, e

,u-cast ssa1t t n t t r ,, ,, '' '. CC C10 U I] f dC aainnt the c errs rl e atrr in

, ,n

t e airrww ws Ae t e co ooo

, air rrr,ses over tllS e i e i ttte ss

trettmin n tt t, f f f

' ' 's 1 11 h t n r ,,,, ,, i 1 r oru uur tr hhrg p f n es cc t0 td ZB lt9

9 Likk }lu 'ce, mau ufe h .; ;t e r e e t e t t h e h ae t thh r r .. eeterr r r r

t ee u r r r a n d t h e n w' ', ,,,ao r 111 1. .1, s e tt e e u. .. m o c jj e 1 S 8 1 1 8((.. .meett hi<< her rHen n., , ce recc m nend--.

That t' '

U , , , . ..ctlone e ht td, e e ellv ccccu o tlle Minn nq t iw, e

, aamen ed so a a

, ''s to securP sccme r.vo tt'

cle of r, tt cca vvntt attton,ll'Ian r ' ''asone Yniiht T , , ,e e r rd1 1 r the err tac mcnt tf uY Y c ann n

amennmmnt. N t t tt t] p1 I'0 11CC8 d l, , aass atlon i..ic er among E q. . .ollr mmnera tttan ba v v v' 'entt t,tlon. Il 8 CrrrYY, tor sOn1et lqy y

y2

_ .' v, of nervvoooo enerrvvxatlon an n S e-

-rv uucu ar rer ttesto eto re ,

, , ,'' t d mmne ro uces. .ee nnll,, e, , , ,,d 1 e ebrlssn ln aicla wo YYh. a

, , '' rrrrree,n'rjj , tz z hii S SS tee ll 1tncr laas tccr h h m i iivhhc 1 t nhtttn y 1 1 - ,r, f.. , ,emm3totllII, l llm .1, , ,, er rrf a ssva1 l nl ii A, theho 11wor r p p,,

, 't iy, v nhlltion i-- en t ba. . t, bu u n1 11tt t cerf aai n ,he clee e e,angei i

r r t a11.I < <<t ttu n nnl ld svtnntt tn.es w .. acertaln anu , . . 1: fe--, ''

" "r r r;l C 9f',CU1'lt t0,, 'a.ffffr ll le11 1r t tV 1c r rlllldd d!7J J JJ aIIence oss s

,, ,, ttll iTlln2r5.. r Uf, , ,1 s, ,,,1 1nott. .. ri iIt.htaromote ee e n11'''' ' , ,,, , , 1 rr,athh , t . that ffe e

, ,, ,ht of ever Illan

n' na le ri Ylle .

1 tt tt an nnn n ,are ,} , , ,. . . .,, , i. nerrte mine owuui y, e ella,,, tttii i irrr> rrrorrrrrll re ati, tttt t , - -- - a.l er rcre.. t tt e out nnnnre cc, ut tthe rrtnn.r551C]bena a . . + cr' ' f f f, ,rrn nurr._ntq ods__

_ _ f ff « «lf fuu rrlriee, nnralCl lCl EOiIIG 0 , , .

..' , , , 1 (1 f 1 tt 1 !1-

r r- cl but ver rtt e ,cc ...,(( 11] l 0`l l yy y he etl eelr asssn a onnn n a a arr ll--four, err werr dt R r, the rnc t iE EEerrr vt a t tt ttsd fou uee YY a ,

' 'r rr rrr rn A teneadt . 1the hhh t aww wroon n,d feendre. t llu 9fi ttdat ... 'Y the ell-11 11 h

-vv roos su te t r u E

E ln drl ln c cn clfoubb blll l _thhs s sor,

' ' ''oorr. tzse nf trr theen nTh hcc teet t, ,,r t. , Yurrdrrhrs orre ea, , ,, t the, [ q CC C1ffusb

, -- - - --- r r rrll l l w a et e eo oor r rree, ,

o000 01A , ,. , , , r rn tiie reet tverrro

, r r a aa, thh, mmnn s. ., flaceeklu - ,wor g p llrrre aar-cccurres, 1tS ttt ttaa, t ttf coa hoo our r eln a ,knepsshic . ,, - --- - enne cc cvercrrmeee ee ee e e ew k,, ,ff eeee eee! ! !! ! :: :ll 9

, . . , , , ' ' '- ence ttere ly nnnii, let t eenn. ,, Il thh sslfo n.he triction ut

, ,, bew iil, labbbl ary o

o , thee e 11ee beetll t n nn n strrte o f , ,. th sseecuse or h

h

' ' F,, tt the t t1 tc,reet od dccrue1 1r wouwh ce to o mOre wcct ,, ,' ' '' '

reccm-f a car oratioos. <<<<,ders oo our co p phot e stoca--]Gn QQ' ' ' r r(( 6Ond]aw e a.nn

. .1 mmnin nftefh on it th t cctla ,. . . tt thsshar e ot' ten ents or PrrOnB Itl C Csu erin , Pre uire t ie ..6 t0,

' '1 edtttee attons to lle lcnm

m 1 cor orcoa a gthe varrtttts sfftnes o. ,

,tr r n nl WW110 0

cc trdtt iiCtlCl a5 B..CCChe coronor or cva.,ll lice trr t , ..ot t

t ,, nder ls cccarrre., a`.uu ia t ie mmne u bb1t tlabb, acci en patt P .

. Zzziers.ur.

, cc mmners em-hun rcd nlnehaubanaut two tabere are , .. thern are in-,

, ,r r rr t of, ]ar r mm+ rr vbasin, ,Jd n uur coa aoe eY . . ,x xxcc rrcan. 1 u ef hth hroaa hh Yli ent men, y ateldinustrlaus an n, , r' , , d Cl]iC]]Cdd he ere rac,ttcal, 1nin co o. f ml Yb ..lncas ot Ze u u u, 1ir r-. . r thethe rotecc 1 1n u

a he term, oot 1111 ever senne o ,Y . . d orrrrr>>ze lrrto s,,cce-. t ther antdtt ell uni e nor t e aa eeve e, y __

_ tNI. thht tn' ' ', , 1nerB convvnnes mee x e r l l n c e a m n m ,,,ttes, ,, .Y , thh beet. . .,,,es nion nreeon tot t r rwlloi eut minerr r,g ,, ndd f ii al wa srll; T h e n c,,,. m ,lo . Y1 t v e n t o e Sddddda yst r rrd rrra p p Eieir,, a ad t,

' ' them abbtween's utes artttndie to sett e esome meaan nn ua-g1VV aCla olll ex xentherttn to , Ettout reso oem o ere, wl .. .. . . cd, , n lli c,nt all , 1 hh, mmm4t t tee, f strl ee, aho 0tur met .fac$at1e y. . r. . s lil tI19he aatlvv vrtt, wa a taae t prs so notmmne Yervatlveccns

24 25

organizations they might do. Hence, the ignorant and hot -headed sometimes make demands that are unreasonable.When these are not complied with, they create troubles af-fecting not only themselves, but the whole body of theminers, and the community at large suffers. On the otherhand, at times, they have just cause fur complaint, and areunable to get t.he grievance removed, except by united actionas a body. Thus, strikes occur that inigh t be avoided. Ifthe intelligent and conservative men attended to those cqsesand laid a Plain statement of them hef re the superior offi-cials of the company, I think they would find redress asas it could be granted. Ii such a tnetho.l of' procedure werepursued, we should seldom hear of

The boss miners of this region are, generally speaking, aclass of competent, practical men, who have grown UI) inthe of the coal trade of this county, and thor-oughly understand the character and working of the BigSeam.There have been many improvements in the method ofmining during the past twenty years, and I question very

much, if another class of practical miners could he found whowould mine out a larger amount of coal per acre.Labor Troubles.

There has been ro strike this season by class of menconnected with the mining interests in this region. The-price of coal in the eastern rnaraets was low during thespring months, but the heavy demand for coal for the falltrade has had a tendency to improve the price. This haskept u the price of labor. Oor coal operators deserve greatpraise for the persevering energy in securing such an amountof business against the strong corn petition they had to en-counter. The prospects of the trade for the next season areas encouraging us they can be at this time of the year.

New Openings Made this Season.The Consolidation Coal Company put the Eckhart Slopeinto operation. This mine will soon take the lead of all ourmines, for its daily output of' coal will be very large.The Consolidation Coal Company is constructing another

slope near its Ocean Mine. It is intended to reach a lift ofcoal lower than the lowest of the Hoffman Slope, anothermine belonging to the same company, it will be ready toship coal this spring.The Borden Company has constructed another open-ing into their property, adjoining the Old Borden Mine.S. S. Lee & Son, of Baltimore, have made a mine into the

three-foot vein upon their Swanton property. The coal lookswell, and is said to be of excellent quality.

Oar Coal Trade.We are astonished that the of coal fronir our

region has not kept lace with the increase of the coal trade.When we the time our coal has been developed, andfound favor in the eastern market, and also consider thenumber of seams in our basin, all containing coal of a supe-rior quality, we are at a loss for a really good reason whyour production has not kept a ratio with the increase of thetrade, or increased so fast as other, though younger softcoal regions, in adjoining States.

The tonnage for w'ihI be considerably in excess ofthat of 1880. It would have been much larger had the cross-ing of George's Creek and Oumuberlarid Railroad over theBaltimore and Ohio Railroad, at Cumberland, beentorily adjusted earlier in the season. If that difficulty hadnot k pt mines of the American and Maryland Corn pa-flies idle, they would have, at least, doubled their ship—inents by the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal. The George'sCreek and Cumberland Railroad is now in successful opera-tion, and there is rio doubt that in the future the shipmentsover it to the Canal will be heavy.

Another feeder to that important avenue of transportation,the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal, has been opened up by theWest Virginia Central which connects with theBaltimore and Ohio Railroad, one and a half miles west of'Piedmont. This railroad is completed to the Elk Gardencoal field, West Virginia. At this point the same companyhas a very fine coal property, which a model mine hasbeen opened. Old and experienced miners pronounce it theprettiesr mine they have ever seen. Tue coal is fourteen feetthick, with only one slate ot about an inch in Thecoal is of as good quality as the best of the George's Creekcoal. Headings are now being pushed forward, night andday, and preparations are being made for heavy shipmentsof coal next season by the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal to theseaboard.

Coal Properties Partially Developed, but not Worked.The Bowery Furnace Mine, which belongs to the Comber-

land Coal and Iron Company, does not ship coal to market.Its entire production is used in their own furnace. The de-pression in trade, and the low prices for pig-iron, caused thefurnace to be extinguished, hence the flue coal property, con-

24 25

nrganization they might do. Hence, the ignorant and hot-headed sometimes mtke demands that are unreasonable.When these are not compUed with, they create troubles af—fecting not only themselves, but the whole body of therninerx, and the community at large suffers. On the otherhand, at times, they have just cause fr complaint, and areunable to ge the grievance removed, except hy united actionas a body. Thus, strikes occur that might be avoided. Ifthe intelligent and conservative mee attended to those casesand laid a I)laifl statement of them heFre the sUperior offi-cials of the company, I think they would find redress as thras it could be granted. It such a metlio.l of piocedute were1)urslled, we should seldom hear of trikes.

The boss miners of this region aie, generally speaking, aclass of competent, })laCtiCrll ruen, who have grown UI) iflthe developrient of the coal trade of this county, and thor-oughly understand the character and working of the BigSeam.There have been many improveruent in the method ofmining during the past twenty years, and I question verymuch, if another class of practical miners could be found who

WOU1(I mine OUt a larger amount of coal per acre.Labor Troubles.

There has been ro strike this season by any class of menconnected with the rnning interests in this region. Theprice of coal in the eastern rnariets was low (luring th.spring months, but the heavy demand br coal for the falltrade has had a tendency to improve the price. rIIis haskept UI) the price of labor. Our coal operators deserve greatpraise ior the persevering energy in securing such an amountof business against the strong Competition they had to en—counter. The prospects of the trade for the next season areas encouraging as they can be at this time of the year.

New Openings Made lliis Season.The Consolidation Coal Company put the Eckhart Slope

into operation. Ttis mine vill soon take the lead of all ourmines, for its daily output of coal will be very large.

The Consolidation Coal Company is constructing anotherslope near its Ocean Mine. It is ittended to reach a lift ofcoal lower than the lowest of the Hoffman Slope, anothermine belonging to the same company. it will be ready toship coal this spring.The Borden Mining Company has constructed another open-ing into their property, adjoining the Old Borden Mine.. S. Lee & Son, of Bt1timore, have made a mine into the

three-foot vein upon their Swauton property 'The coal lookswell, and is said to be of excellent quality.

Oar Coal Trade.We are astonished that the prluction of coal fron our

region has not kept pace with the increase of the coal trade.When we consider the time our coal has been developed, andfouod favor in the eastern market, and also consider thenumber of seams in our basin, all containing coal of a supe-ncr quality, we are at a loss for a really good reason whyour productioti has not kept ratio with the ircrease of thetrade, or increased - so fast as other, though younger softcoal regions, in adjoining States.

The tonnage for 181, will he considerably in excess ofthat of 1880. It would have been much larger had the crossing of thQ George's Creek and Cumberland Railroad over theBaltimore and Ohio Railroad, at (2iimberland, been satistctorily adjusted earlier in the season. If that difficulty hadnot k pt th mines of the American and Maryland Cmpa-nies idle, they would have, at least, doubled their ship—merits by the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal. The G-eorge'sCreek and Cumbeiland Railroad is nw in successful opera-lion, and there is no doubt that in the future the shjincntsover it to the Canal will be heavy.

Another feeder to that important avenue of transportation,the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal, has been opened up by theWest Virginia Central Rilroad, which connects with theBaltimore arid Ohio Railroad, one and a half miles west ofPiedmont. This railroad is completed to the Elk Gardencoal field, West Virginia. At this point the same companyhas a very fine coal property, upon which a model mine hasbeen openec. Old and eX1)CrieflCed miners pronounce it theprettieStmi11e they have ever seen rfjie coal is fourteen feetthick, with only one slate of about an inch in thickne. Thecoal is of as good quality as the best of the George's Creekcoal. Headings are now being pushed forward, night andday, and preparations aie being made for heavy shipmentsof coal next season by the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal to theseaboard.

Coal Properties Partially Developed, but not Worked.The Bowery Furnace Mine, which belongs to the Curnber-

land Coal and Iron Company, does not ship coal to mtrkct.Its entire production is used in their own lurnace. rrhe de-pressiOn in trade, and the low prices for pig-iron, caused thefurnace to be extinguished, hence the fine coal property, con-

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2726

of three hundred acres of the best quality of the BigSeam lies ii ii worked.

The New York Company has a property located atthe northern end of the basin also. It contains six hundredacres, the greater portion of which is underlaid by the bigvein of the same thickness and quality as that found at thisend of the basin. Though an opening has been made intothe coal, vet it has riot been developed to any extent.

The Withers Mining Company, now the Thomas, has avaluable coal property, situated in the northern part of thebasin. The property consists of two hundred and eightyacres, of which 145 acres contain the Big Seam, of the usualthicknesQ at this end of the basin viz:, eight It is ofthe same quality of Coal as that taken from the Old AlleganyNine, which gives entire satisfaction to consumers. Therehas been mined and shipped Irom this property in tormeryears, thirty-eight thousand tons. A new opening has beenmade upon this property during the past season, and the seamfound to be of its full thickness. The convenience of thisproperty to the Cumberland and I'ennsylvania Railroad, andits proximity to Ciunberland, gives it peculiar advantages,and materially increases its general value as a coal property.The same company also owns iburteen hundred acres of veryvaluable, undeveloped coal lands in Garrett county.

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istng of three hundred acres of the best quality of the Big8earn lies unworkerl.

The New York Mining Orwpany has a 1)roPeltY 1opited atthe northern end ofthe basin also. It contains six hundredacres, the greater portion of which is uuderlaid by the bigvein of the same thickness and quality as that found at thiseud of the basin. rfj0g an opening has been made intothe coal, vet it has riot been deve1ped to any extent.

The Withers Mining Company, now the Thomas, has avauab1e coal property, situated in the noiLhern 1)art of thebasin. The property consists of two hundred and eightyacres, ot which 45 acres contain the Big Seam, of the usualthicknes at this end of the basin viz: , eight feet. It is ofthe same quality of coal as that taken from the Old AlleganyMine, which gives entire satisfaction to consumers. Therehas been mined and shipped Irom this property in tormeryears, thirtyeight thousand tons. A new opening has beenmade upon this p.iuprty during the Past season, and the seamfound to be of its fbll thickness. The convenience of thisproperty to the Cumberland and Pennsylvania Railroad, andits proximity to Cuinberland, gives it peculiar advantages,and materiaHy increases its general value as a coal property.The same company also owns fourteen hundred acres of veryvaluable, undeveloped coal lands in Garrett county.

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28

The following is from the ''Coal Fields of byProf. James McFarland,

The Coal Field.The Cumberland, or as it is sometimes called, the Frost—burg, or George's Creek Coal Field, is situated in Alleganycounty, Maryland, and occupies the eastern part of the smalltriangular territory which forms the western extremity otthe State. While the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad followsthe Potomac River from Cumberland westward, theland and Pennsylvania Rtilroad, as it is called, which passesthrough the coal legion, runs from Cumberland northward,

and then southwestward after passing through a remarkablegap of Wills' Mountain, a locality which is as interestingto the

is to the base of themountains—the distance through the mountain being morethan a mile—and it forms an excavation of upward of 830 feet.in depl Ii. It is the natural outlet for the united waters ofWiUs'Creek and Jennings' and Braddock's Runs, that empty intothe Potomac at Cutnberland. Tue rocky strata thatthemselves in this gap are very interesting. On theeast side of the mountain the summit is reached by aa course, grayish sandstone, superimposed upona red sandstone, the grade of the ascent indicating the incli-nation of the strata at an angle of' about 30 Atthe strata are horizontal, or nearly so, overlyingprecipice of about 300 feet, at the bottom of which is antensive talus of fallen reaching to the bottom al thegap. On the northwest side the strata of grayish sandstoneare nearly vertical, as if they had been forcibly cornagainst the flank of the mountain.

The Frost burg or Cumberlarid coal basin—the mostin and physicalof this country—is reached through this gap ofWills' Mountain, first> by the valley of Braddock's Rue, bythe railroad of the old Curnberlancl Coal atid Iron Cirupany,.16 miles in length, to their mines on Dan's Mountain, in thenortheast part ot the coal field east of Frostburg,

a part of the distance, the route of the National Road orTurnpike; or, secondly, by ascending Wills' Creek, to where-it received Jennings' Run, where the Cumb. and Penna. Rail-road follows its ravine by switch-backs and heavy gradeasummit at Frostburg; and then, atter passing a tunnel in that.town, which connects Dan's Mountain and GreatMountain, it descends through the valley of George's

-'to the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad, at Piedmont, on thePotomac River. The length of this railroad is 34 mifes. Byboth of these routes, on Braddock's Run and Jennings'the predominant rocks observed e encrinitial limestonesand red sandstones. The region can also be reached bythe Baltimore and Ohio Railmoad route, fromalong the Potomac to Piedmont, 28 miles, an'l thence return-ing by aecending George's Creek.

The situation of the CumberlEtfll coal basin is betweenDan's Mountain to the east or southeast, and Savage Moun-tain to the west or noi thwest, and the limit of the Big Seam

within the State of Maryland, in a southwest direc-tiou, 20 miles in length, with an average breadth ofmiles, but without covering the whole of this area. Thereis a transverse ridge, as before stated, nearly as high as theprincipal mountains just named, upon which Frostbflrgstands, connecting the two mountains just mentioned, andon which the Old National Road was This dividesthe basin into two unequal parts, and determines two dis-tinct and opposite directions of drainage, and two differentroutes to market for the coal produced ia these different parts.The nolthern or eastern portion, which is much the smaller,

about one-feui'th the whole basin in Marylan(l, isprincipally drained by Jennings' Run, which takes its rise

Frostburg, and receives as tributaries on the north side,from the Mountain, Cranberry Run, Workman's andMattingly Runs, and Weller's Branch, from the DanMountain, on the south side of Trotter's Run. These allunite within the basin, and, flowing through a gap betweenDan and Finey Mountains, finally empty into Will's Creek,three miles north of Cumberland. The coal mined east ofthe Frostburg summit descends the railroad toBraddock's Run also takes its rise near Frostburg, and in thenorthern portion of the coal basin, and, receiving Preston'sRun, flows easterly through a gap in Pan's Mountain, 'andompties likewise into Will's Creek, two miles north of Corn-berland. The coal of the Consolidation Coal Company de-

their (the old Cumberland Coal and Iron Company's)railroad, before described, 'by this route to Cumberland.

The southern portion of the basin, formingof the whole, is drained by George's Creek, with its nu,fler

tributaries, both from the Dan and Savagethe principal of which lateral streams, going westward, are

Elk-Lick, Hill's, Jackson's, and Moore's Runs, thatrise in Baa, and Wrights's, Squirrel Neck,Koont?, Laurel, Bartlett and Mill Runs, that come from

282

The fOllowing is from the "Coal F'J1d of Arnerca' byProf. James McFarland

The Cumberland Coal Field.The Ourber)and or a i j Sometimes called, the Frostburg, or George's Oreek Ooal Field, is situated in AIlegnyCounty, iary]an(J, and Occupies the eastern pare ofthe smalltriangular territory which forms the western extremity tthe Siae While the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad IOll)WS

the Potomac River from Cumber]an(J westward, the Oumberland and Pennsylvanjj Rtilroa(l as it is called, which passesthrough the coal legion, runs from Oumber1aid northward,and then SOUthwestvard after passing tllr)ugl) a remarkablegap of Wills' Mountain, a loctIity which is as interesting tcthe geologist as it is imposing to the trave1r. The widtho this gap is estimated at about 500 et to the base of thetflOUritajnst,},e distance through the mountain being morethan a mile—and it forms an excavatjoti of upward of 850 fet.in depf Ii. 1t is tI)e natural Dutlet for the united waters of WjI}sCreek afl(1 Jennings' and Brtddock's Ruus, that empty intothe Potomac at Cutnberland Te rocky strata that presentthemselves in this gap are very interesting. On the soitheast side of the mountain the summit is reached by a grathalascent Over a course, grayish sandstone, Superimposed U1)Ota red sandstone, the grade of the ascent indicating the inclination of the strata at an ang1 of RhU O degrees, At thSUmWIt the strata are hoizonta1, or nearly so, overJyi a

precipice ofaboit 300 feet, at the bottom of whicI is an ex--tensjye talus of fallen pieces, reaching to the bott0 o_f thegap. On the northsvet side the strata of grayish sandstoneare nearly vertical, as if they had been forcibly compressed.against the flank of the mountain.

The Frosthurg or Uumberlarj(1 coal basin—_the most inter-esting and important feature in tie geology and physicalgeography of this c-)untry_is reache(l through this gap ofW11i8' Mountain, first, by the valley of Braddo-ck's Rii, bythe rajlroa(j of the old Curuberland Coal aud Iron C)ruptny,i€; miles in length, to their mines on Dan'd Mountain, ia thenortheast part at the coal field east of Frostburg, pursuing,.ftr a part of the distance, the route of' the National Road orTurnpike ; or, secondly, by ascending Wills' Creek, to whereit received Jennings' Run, where the Oumb. and Penna. Rail-road fOllows its ravine by switch-backs and heavy grades. to a-summit at Frostburg; and then, alter passing a tunnel in that

which Connects Dan's Mountain and Great Savage-lountain, it descends through the valley ot'George's Creek,,

to the Baltrnore and Ohio Railroad, at Piedmont-, on the?otornac River. The length of this railroad is 34 mites. By

both of these routes, on Braddock' Run an'i Jennings' ftunthe predominant rocks observed aie encrinitial limestonesand red sandstones. The c(al region can also be reached bythe Baltimore and Ohio Railroad route, from Cumberland,along the Potomac to Piedmont, 28 miles, and thence return-ing by ascending George's Creek.

The situation of the Curnberlanl coal basiti is betweenDan's Mountain to the east or southeast, anti Savage Moun-fain to the west or nm thwest-, and the limit of the Big Seam

-extends within the State of Maryland, in a southwest direc—

tiot), 20 miles in length, with an average breadth of 4miles, but without covering the whole of this area. Thereis a transverse ridge, as before stated, nearly as high as theprincipal mountains just named, upon which Frosfburgstands, connecting the two rnouritans just mentioned, andon which the Old National Road was bniI. This divides-the basin into two unequal parts, and determines two dis-tinct and opposite directions of drainage, and two differentrout-es to market for the coal produced ia these different parts.The northern or eastern portion, which is much the smaller,-cccupying about one-fourth the whole basin in Maryland, isprincipally drained by Jennings' Run, which takes its rise

-cat Frostburg, an(1 receives as tributaries on the north side,from the avnge Mountain, Crnrheriy Run, Workman's andMattingly Runs, and Weller's Branch, atd ou th DanMountain, on the south side of Trotter's Run. These allunite within the basin, and, flowing through a gap betweenDan and Piney Mountains, finally empty into Will's Creek,three miles north of' Cumberland. The coal mined east ofthe Frostburg summit descends the railroad to Cunaherland.Braddock's Run also takes its rise near Frotburg, and in thenorthern portion of the coal basin, and, receiving Preston'sRun, flows easterly through a gap in Dan's Mountain, andempties likewise into Will's Creek, two miles north of Corn-hei-1and. The coal of the Consolidation Coal Company de--'cends their (the old Cumberland Coal and Iron Company's)railroad, before described, by this route to Cumberland.

The southern portion of the basin, forming three-fourthsofthe whole, is drained by George's Creek, with its nurner--u.s tributaries, both from the Dan and Savage Mountains,the principal of which lateral streams, going westward, are

Neff's, Elk-Lick, Hill's, Jackson's, and Moore's Runs, that-rise in Daii, and Winebrenner's, Wrights's, Squirrel Neck,Koontz, Laurel, Bartlett and Mill Runs, that come from

30

$avage. The whole length of George's Creek is 22 miles,.and it empties into the }'otoniac, at Piedmont, 28 miles abovecr 2Ofi miles by the Baltimore and 01110 Rail-road, west of Baltimore. The coal mined on George's Greekdescends the Uuriiherland andRailroad to l'ied—mane, and passes thence by the Baltimore and Ohio Railroadto B-tltimore The great importance of this coal region is asufficient, just ifieat,iin for the details of its various localities.In the coal world, these creeks and runs have the same iru-as the fhmous streets of our large cities have in thecommercial world.

The structure of this coal4asin is simple, but very inter—Ceting as a geological study. It reminds us of the anthra-cite basins in its bounding ridges of steeply. inclined strata,but there the resemblance ceases. U'or, whereas the anthra.cite basins are canoe-shaped, narrowing and rising at theends where the mountains closed up together, squeezingthe coal up to a point; on the contrary, at Cumberiand thetwo mQljntains are parallel throughout., the points of thebasin being situated in lvauia and Virginia. Thetrough being thus left open at the ends, therefore, when thework of denudation began, the waters divided at the Frost-burg summit as the continent was and the greatcoal.seam was wasted away in both directions. The con-nectirg ridge, extending from Dan to Savage Mountains, re-tains a full section of the great coal-bed, extending Irommountain to mountain. This body of coal is about fourmiles in width, or in a northeast and southwest direction,and as the coal here must mined by- sinking shafts, re.quiring hoisting and pumping, comparatively little mininghas as yet been done in this portion of the field. The valleyof the George's Creek is cut down through the large coal-bed,leaving first two narrow fields, one on each side 0! the valley,in which the out-crops of the coal-bed become higher andhigher on the hillsides as you proceed from Frostbnrg to.Piedniant, lateral streams finally even separating these intosmaller detached coal-fields.As to the internal structure of this basin, if we Suppose a.transverse section of it be made, it would be found to exhibita succession of alternating Strata, of various thickness, ofsandstones, alates, coal, iron-ore, fire-clay, and limestone,disposed in a moderate curve, and filling up the valley be—tween the two prominent ridges designated as Savage andDan's Mountains. The Frostburg summit is 1,300 feet aboveCumberland, and, for some distance on the Southwest

the coal-strata not having been interfbrred with by denuda-tion, extend in a trough-like form far underground across thevalley from mountain to mountain, but at the extremities ofthe basin, as before remarked where the valley is cut downto a great depth, the main seam crops out at some elevationon the sides of the valleys. The surface of the basin, ofcourse, is irregular, being intersected by deep ravines frniedby the streams and runs that traverse it.. George's Creek,in a distance of 17 miles, and in a longitudinal direction, hasscooped out its bed, or rather, some more general and power-ful excavating cause has cut dowu through a mass of rocks1,250 feet deep, carrying away an immense ainoti n t at thecoal-field. The same is the case at the Jennings' Ran end ofthe field, while at Braddeck's Run a small portion only hasbeen removed, because, flowing laterally, it snon leaves thecoal-basin. Other lacerations of the coal-basin have beenproduced by the lateral streams.

The Pc,tomac river, too, en ters the basin at itsextremity, cutting through it and carrying oWparts of the upper beds of hut nut affecdng the dip orinclination of t hose that remain, as the same fine, fourteen—feet seam of coal, seen on George's Creek, is found on theWest Virginia high up on the mountain atthe Hamp-shire and Baltimore Company's mines, above Piedmont, 3,Out)Ibet above the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad, showing thatthe seam was once continuous. The only consolation forthese great losses of parts of the coal—R. hI, is found in thefacilities furnished for exploring and mining operations.

There is a very great regularity in this coal basis, as faultsor serious dislocations do not occur. The soil is excellent,yielding good crops, anti the country is well timbered withoak, pine, locust, and other timber, which are valuable tormining purposes. The appearance of the country is verygood, and there is no coal region more inviting to the

The Cool Bed.

The seams of this species of coal are always thinner thanthe anthracite They are generally found in positions morPnearly horizontal and in parallel strata. Butt the great bedin which the mining is (lone in the Cumbenlend coal regionis of the extraordinary thickness of 14 feet. Scarcely any-where in America is there a seam of bituminous coal of thissize, extending, as it does, throughout the region, and main-taining its size wherever it occurs. This Big Seam, as it iscalled, is not only very uniform as to its thickness, but veryregular in its form, without faults or breaks, and like the upper

30

Savage. The whole length ul (horgi's Creek is 22 miles,.and it empties into the Potomac, at iie(1Woflt, 28 miles aboveOutoicriand, cr 201 miles by the T3atimore and 01110 Rail—road, we4t of Baltimore. The coal mined on George's Oreekdescends the Uurnerlard an(i PennMyIvani Railroad to Pied-mont, and pnses thence by the Baltimire and Ohio Railroadto Baltimore. r[lf great importance uf this coal region is a.sufficient. jUStihCtti(1!fl f()l the details of its various localjties,.In the coal world, these creeks and runs have the same irn-prtance as the frnous streets of our large cities have in thecommercial world.The structure of this coal4asiu is simple, but very inter-cting as a geological tudy. ft reminds us of the anthra—cite basins in its bounding ridges of steep'y- inclined strata,but there the resemblance ceases fr, whereas the anthra-cite basirs are canoe-shaped, narrowing and rising at theends where the mountains ar closed up together, squeezingthe coal up to a point ; on the contrary, at Cumberland thetwo mnntains are parallel throughout., the points of thebasin being situated in Penns lVLthiIt and Virginia. Thetrough being thus left open at the ends, therefore, when thework ofdenndation began, the waters divided at the Frost-burg summit as the contintut wa tlevated and the greicoal•seam was wasted away in both dircctions. The con-fleeting ridge, extending iorn Dan to Savage Mountains, rc-tains a full section of the great coal-bed, extending frommountain to mountain. rlhjS body of coal is about fourmiles in width, or in a northeast and

southwest direction,and as the coal here must be mined by- sinking shafts, requiring hoisting and pumping, comparatively little mininghas as yet been done in this portion of the field. The valleyof the George's Creek is cut down through the large coal-bed,leaving first two narrow fields, one on each side ol the valley,in which the out-crops of the coal-bed become higher and.higher on the hillsides as you proceed from Frostburg toPiedrnanf, lateral streams finally even separating these intosmaller detached coal-fields.As to the internal structure of this basin, if we suppose &transverse section of it be made, it would be found to exhibita succession of alternating strata, of various thickness, ofsandstones, lates, coal, iron-ore, fire-clay, and limestone,€Iispose(l ifl a moderate curve, and filling up the valley he—tween the two prominent ridges designated as Savage andDan's Mountains. The Frostburg summit is 1,300 feet aboveCumberland, and, fbr some distance on the southwest side

the coal-St1'a not having been interferred with by deniidation, extend in a trough-like form far underground aCrOSS thevalley from mountain to mountaiP, but at the extremities ofthe basin, as bethre remarked, where the valley is cut dovnto ft great depths the main seam crops out at some elevationon the sides ot the valleys. The surface of the basin, ofcourse, is irregulal, being intrrseeted by deep ravincs firmedby the streaflS and rons that traverse it. George's Creek,in a distance 01 H miles, and in a longituditaf (lireclion, hasscooped out its bed, or rather, some more general and power-ful cavatit1g cause has cut down through a mass of rocks1,250 feet deep, carrying away an immense unount ut thecoal-field. The same is the case at the ,Jenning' Rio end ofthe field, while at Bradd(Cl'S Run a smafl portion only hasbeen remove'1, because, flowing lateraHy, it nOri leaves ihecoalbasit1. Other locerations of the coa-baSifl have been1rodt1ced by the lateral streams.

The Potomac river, too, enters the basin at its southwetextremity, cutting through it diazonally, and carrying oWparts of the upper beds of otl, hut not affeCifl the dip orinclinat101 of those that remain , as the same fine, {hnrteen—èet seam of coal, seen on George's Creek, is found on theWest Vjriflia side, high up on the mountain atthe Hamp-shire and Baltitnore Company's mines, above Piedmont, ,OuOfeet above the Baltimore afld Ohio Railroad, showing thatthe seam was once continuoUS. The only consolatiotl frthese great losses of parts of the coal-fid', is hund in thefacilities turnished for exploring and mining operatiofl5.

There is a very great regularitY in this coal basin , as taullsor serious disocattons do not occur. The soil is excellent,yielding good crops, and the country is well t,imbereI withoak, pine, locust, aC(l other timber, which ate valuable brmining purposes. The a1pearaflce of the country is verygood, and there is no coal region more inviting to the tourist.

The Cool Bed.The seams of this species of coal are always thinner than

the anthracite They are generallY fbund in positions rnornearly horizontal and in parallel strata. But the great bedin which the mining is done in the Cuuiberland coal regionis of' the extraordinY thickness of 14 feet. Scarcely any-where in America is there a seam of bituminous coal of thissize, extending, as it does, throughout the region, and main-taming its size wherever it occurS. rhis Big Seam, as it iscalled, is not only very uniform as to its thickness, but veryregular in its form, without faults or breaks,a11d like the upper

_;;

32

seams in other regions less disturbed, and more easily tracedthan lower seams usually are. At the mines of the Hampshireand Baltimore Company, may be seen this splendid bed ofbeautiful and fine coal mined out to nearly its full.thicknessof fourteen feet, and, in some places in those mines, even fif-teen feet and Sixteen feet thick, with but one small layer notexceeding an inch or two of slate within two feet of the bot-tom, but the coal of this mine has been all mined, How-ever, the same fourteen-feet seam of coal is mined, and may beseen on the adjoining property, namely, the Virginia Mine,belonging to the Hon. Henry G. Davis, of West Virginia.A little 01 the coal is left in overhead as a roof in an archingform, and such is the height that the drivers ride into themines on horseback, forming a strong contrast to the low andcontracted roads in mines in the small seams of bituminouscoal. These mines, however, are exceptional in this respect,this being an outlying detached coal field svest of the George'sCreek or F'rostburg Basin, and across and west of the Po-tomac River. Generally, throughout the region, from sevento nine feet of the coal only is worked, the top and bottomparts being left in on account of the slates and the supposedimpurities they contain. Even this is a good thicknessof coal, and makes a mine very convenient in its working.The bed of coal is certainly a very fine one, remarkably freefrom impurities, and everywhere affording a coal of admirablequality, as free from sulphur as any coal in this or any othercountry, without bony or incombustible matter, and with noslate that is troublesome or expensive to clean. No slate-pickers are employed anywhere in the region, as none of itneed get into the coal, except through gross carelessness onthe part of the miner—an offence for which, if committed, heis heavily fined.

The greatest disadvantage in this region, is the want of astrong, self-sustaining roof over the coal, which, taken inconnection with the great thickness of the seam, and thecrumbling soft character of the coal, would make a muchthinner seam, with a strong, sound rocç much safer for theminer, and it would produce more coal to the acre.

The following is a portion of Prof. Hodge's report, in re-gard to the thickness of coal mined in this region, and thesystem of mining employed.

"It is common to call this the 'Fourteen.Foot Bed,' and inthe lower end of the basin it has been found of this thickness,and to some extent has been so worked. But this name givesa very incorrect impression as to the amount of coal actuallyobtained from any of the mines. At those now worked in

38

the northern end of the basin, the real thickness of the bed is

about eight and a hall feet. In the central portion of the

basin—although its thickness may reach 12 feet—there is

hardly a mine in which it can be said that more than 10 feet

of coat is worked to any extent, while the most of them, save

only about seven feet six inches. Various reasons are given

in explanation of this. In some mines, the slate roof over

the coal-bed, when undermined, is apt to fall in blocks or

'slips,' and endanger tho lives of the miners. In these mines

it is almost a necessity to leavo the upper two or three feet ot

the coal-bed for a safe roof, and remove only the middle and

lower portions.''But the roof coal is not the only part left unworkeci at

many of the mines. Throughout the whole coal field the

lowest two or three feet of the bed contain one or two seams

of slate, commonly two, each half an inch or so thick, andabout a foot apart. They run in remarkable uniformity ix

parallel sheets through the coal of nearly all the mines,

unless the fragments are carefully sorted out, they damage

seriously the character and reputation of the coal in the

market. In the destructive rivalry that has existed in the

different companies, many have allowed this "bench-coal" to

remain unworked, and have been willing to pick out the

choicest middle part only, and sacrifice all the rest. Bot the

day is fast approaching when this sacrifice will be regrette&

Thus it is, that in some of the mines, the bed is worked to

its full thickness, either throughout or partially; in some,

the roof-coal only is left, and then it may be with the expec-

tation of recovering it in part; and, in some, both roof-coal

and bench. coal are sacrificed to the exteritof full

of the whole bed.The great seam of this coal field is the only one that re-

ceives any attention. It mines out in large masses—many .etf

them as large as a man can handle—and at the pit's mottth

there is very little fine coal. The coal is beautiful in appear-ance, of a jet-black and glossy appearance; but these largemasses are very friable, antI become very much pulverized in.

the course of transportation and handling. This is in a mea-

sure compensated, in burning it for steam purposes, by

melting and crusting over,, and when partially coked, this

crust can be broken up with a poker, and burnt again like

lump coal.The Other Coal Seams.

The following section of the upper coal measures of this

district was taken by Prof. Philip Tyson, from survey am!

3

I , i

g4

, - -

Yi

in'oth r ,e re ions ess de tray ce

t an a«er seams usua ,

.are, t tY e mtnes Fta 1 e s ir8

a tlwore Com an ma e eA een tY te s end id.

eoeautlf 1

.u frn e cual mined

,out to ne r1

,

a y u ,t ic nes,

sourtee ,n eet a, n la some >n t oso min e, even .

teen ,eet a' fe te thic wltl. ,

1 ut one s 11 not.. Yan an i oro s ate wlt in f .eet o le ot

tom.

t t een aever t e e o COa is fnine f.41! V

seen a oln nro el t ame, t e 1Y inta lnee on i n to t e on en Q ,

r G. y . avl, o es t inia

, g ,tteoca isetln asa ruo 1n t in arcan sucl

' ', eh ael t t h .

.at tleb rivery 11 e lnto t

m .

eines on f, oraltn n contrast ta

.tlelb o anc

contracte ro.

a in t.

e smal i. ,

_ f,

o ouscoa , t1HSe m1 n a ^e, , e

, , i ti

ie n out] in eta hcY e cc}a est f, ,

o t aE B

ree oi r . anr I3b an west of t .eFtamac lver, t 1

, Y out t a,

b e re ion eeve.

nto nlne eet o t le coa on e ti .

. , to an bottomParts 1efA b n on oF th

. .e sla,tee t ee

, , ,U oaep

urltles t.

e3 . ren t is i ooc. 1ck.

neseo coa and es a rUtne v

.ery t w

. ,s or lo ,

eb e of coF1 ia a ae a yfrom im ever w erey or in eob a o a mlra e

ualit. .

fre e fr s lur as an coal. A in t lsY or an oth

,, y er

out n3, o Or incOlll 118t1.

e a, n noate t at ls trou o

,ex to c 0 teae

ers a1 e eai oye an in tY le re 1 no as nane on ee et 1 n t t tbrp ou rosa ela g

e t of tlie min --er an or hc if committei , ela eavl ae3 .

1 i a ,sa ln tb s re ion t e want.. o,

astron , se -sustalnin

.

g g ocer t e c.

oa ta en 1,

, nconnect.lon 1t e reat t n

.ess o e an t

crum ftg c aracter of th.

e 1coa wuu c a mucinner seacv 1 a s ,.

, souad nuci af er F. , or th

.

ean u ro uce more coa to a acc e,

e f io o a o rof. a esreort inr-.

e

ar to tg eticn o mine. ,

in t reaion ana t es Btem o minin em oe,

<< t 1$ CO1TlIIlOC1 t0 Ca l9 t le .ourteen o,

ot ed. . , an

e ow.

er en of.te e en foun o t n

an to.

some e.

a.a i

im as t io t

.y'

.e o aco actua

o tal e rom an o t.

y e e

n o e te

o e ei

'm lt f t the a'

d a I a ee In cent 1 rtia out er t an r o on ot t eP

.% thi n a a ht h it c e c 1 th u s 2 e thal o

e ere 18g. , . . .

in w ic it t at more t an 1 far a mY ' n t nt whi t tex e e t th

o tno$ o,,m eave,

a seven feet sig tac es, artaue are ivon

g' t' e t roaf

ex anation oover

, .erml I n)t

t e Coa - e e u n a oc a orr r

,'' . . .

. ' ' U t v the min r n t e es 1 e an en an er o t es o ee, i s minee

, ,, ,, .

t to vv th w r t rs a m st a neceeel ea e u er t o o ee feet t

lt i o0

Ypp

p v vvve mi-

eo dt e coa e ot a saa e roo an rewu n e an

nY

Yrtinnn"

ower rc .

co i not tle an art ft nw rut t e roof a e e u o e aa9

,, 1 roua t th who coaa f i 1

an of ttt m nes ou e e a dm ,

thv v,

,_

. tttoo thr e eet t t e e contaln one or wo e aawes t or e

e ms

s1 ttvo ea h halt' aan in or eo thic;omm n c c k

,

oo ate, c o ,, an

Y' ' t n'nr arkb u'fr r '

t t a T e r i em a e n oab u a fuo a r, u t mltt P Y

y yy

th uuh the oa earl a e minera e s eett ro c o n t a arrra ya a a

tttU nle are ar i'' rte tuo ess e r me c e t so ou t e ama e

Y Y Y'a

aharacter a r t t' n of t e oa i

s th n e u a la ccerrou e C

a t eY II

t. . . .

e tt ttv rii l t t s tated i th e uc c hh na eg a

ar et. n s e r hem m

m

r . . tt << < <

ta m n v a d bn -11rent com an e a Za e owe t tt e c coa tooo Y

..

a h c e wil i i

e al unw.orke n a e e n n to c out trm n , g gP. .

.

o1C st mi e art on an eacrt ce a t e reet, at tttc e ,

. . . . . , ..i faat a roac clna en t t9 99cri ce wi e re r ttas r eea

ag

P.. . ,.

. hat in som o t m the ee is whhe t 11 1 e f e ines or ed

d

to. . .

.. . .

.l t 1' t u u 1'

ll8 U t 1CCiC1e88 8 TOU OIIC OC rt a ln SOtIlBBBB

b !

. . .

t e rau -cva on ,s e t an t en it mm m wit t e eg ec-- -

. . . . .

tattton o reoov-erllaa at tt art t an ln eorne ut roof=coob P > >

>

.

.no o a r sacrifi t, r t f vee w

an e co a e ce o t e ex te e o u t e f t t,ofti ee oe e .

r t t' o o' e on nhe a s a e a dde t o

e emo i c etaare--, . . .

.ive anv atte tto minas out in 1 r e mae -- a a

ce s n n, t a see m nn

g 33

- -h '

a a a andle a d a C e ttt em ssr e s a man c n n it s moo. ,

.

.ui -ttreeyv r t e a ec ails ea t u ina aa

e i t f i ne co , o e.ance o a et- ac ao cceg gg earan ee ut tte ar

k c e e

e3 A t

.. .

maesee arr ver ria e ann ecome vvr muc u verize eeeY

, ,. . ...h r u d ,t -

t e cou se of s ortatl n a an in B 18 la a m a-tran o . e. ,

.

ure m d' 'tfr t m ur ss co ennate lu urnin o s ee o es ssstt

>

> YP

P.

, .

.me tlo an i v rrn w en artia co e t zggrust n o ea ,ff . .. f f

r r o r r t ac ust c n e ro ea u wit a e an u n a, ,n n e

e

um coa ,,e t er oa earxa,

,

. ..

h tte o owin eectton o t e u er coa meaauree o ii

p, .

..t ty t n nll n rom e rve aa'

ii r i c t a e a s r o , , o u nY

Y

--,

-,j.

-.

34 35

Shale iOoal,1

• 2Sandstone

Shale 23Coal. K. Waynesburg 6Limestone and Shale 12Fire-Clay 13Unknown. 3Iron in Shale..ShaleFine-grain Sandstone 3Shale 2Coal, 2 in. in Slate,j 4Fire-Clay 10Coal. .J. Sewickly 3

3Shaly SandstonelVlicaceous ,.. SiCoarse )Shale 42 6Coal. J. Redstone 4 6Shale 2 0Coal 1 0

6. Shale 4 95. Coal 0104. Shale 1 33. Shaly Sandstone 1 02. Shale, ferruginous 4 81. Main Coal. H. Pittsburg. ... 14 0

1 minute,2 minutes,2 minutes,2 minutes,2 minutes,

Character ofRock.

Main H.Bank of iron-ore.Shale.Fire-clay.Limestone.Sha'e.Sandstone, fine grain.Shale.Coal, G.shale.Shale. Ore No. 20 at

top,Shale, ferruginons,Coal.Shale.Coal.Ore, Nos. 17, 18 and 19,

in shale.Ore No. 16, in fire-clay.shale.Coal.Ore No. 15, in shale.Ore-ball, in stratum of

fire-clay.Shale.Coal.Shale.Ores Nos. 13 and 14, in

fire-clay.Sandstone.Ores 12, 11, 10 and 9,

in shale.Shale, with ore-balls

Nos. 8 and 7.Ore No. 6.Shale, with ore No. 5.Coal.Ore No. 4, in shale.Coal.Shale.Shale and together.Ore No. 3, in shale.Coal.

6 seconds. Shale.

No. Character of Rock.

actual measurement in 1852. It shows the coal seams aboveThe Great Bed.

Thicku ess.Ft. In.

600600

Thickness.

Yeet above Tide.

2,050

:1,950

1,900

1,800

28.27.26.25.24.23.22.21.20.19.18.17.16.15.

14.

12.11.10.

9.8.7.

FeetAbove Tide.

1,800. 14 minutes,

11 minutes,3 minutes,

1,750. 1 minute,15 minutes,29 minutes,

1,700. 21 minutes,2 minutes,4 minutes,

16 minutes,

1 minute,3 minutes,1 minute,1 minute,

1,650. 2 minutes,

04 seconds.8 seconds.0 seconds.6 seconds.6 SeCOfl(ls.0 seconds.6 seconds.6 seconds,0 seconds.8 seconds.

o seconds.9 seconds.0 seconds.0 seconds.6 seconds.

9939

6630

0

0

3 minutes, 0 seconds.6 seconds.

1 minute, 0 seconds.7 seconds.

2 minutes, 0 seconds.

1 minute,2 minutes,5 minutes,

6 seconds.6 seconds.6 seconds.6 seconds.

Prof. Tyson also gives the following elaborate section ofthe Barren Measures, as they are called, in Pennsylvania,flying between H., or the Pittsburg or Cumberland coal-bed,) and the the lower measures. It is worthy of preserva-ti-on, for the use of those interested in the region.

The measurements from 670 to 1,120 feet, were taken onthe Savage River and Potomac. Thence, to 1,349 feet, onMill Run, which flows into the George's Creek. Thence, to1,443 feet, on Laurel Run. which also flows into George'sFrom 1,443 feet on the southeast face of Dug Hill,

at the foot of which is Lonaconiug.

1 minute, 6 seconds.6 minutes, 6 seconds.

6 minutes, 6 seconds.

7 seconds.4 minutes, 3 seconds.

6 seconds.6 seconds.6 seconds.0 seconds.3 seconds.2 seconds.1 second.

34 35

actual measurement in 1852. It shows the coal seams aboveThe Great Bed.

Yeet above Tide. No. Character of Rock. Th1cke.Ft. In.

28. Sha'e . 1 627. Ca1,1 2 0

2O50 26. 3ha1y Sandstone 19 o25. Shath 23 624. Coal. K. Waynesburg 6 023. LiwestoneandShale 12 022. Fire-Clay . 13 921. Unknown.. . 3 920. Iron in Shale..,,.,.,. ..., 7 3

i,950 19. Shale 7 918. Fine-grain Sandstone. 3 617. Shale . 2 616. Coal , 2 in. in Slate, j 4 315. Fire-Clay. io o

Coal. .J. Sewickly 31,900 14. FireO1ay. 3 0

113. Shaly Sandstone. .

12. Micaceous ,•, 51 011. Coarse . )10. Shale 42 69. Coal. J. Redstone .... 4 68. Shale .. 2 0

1,800 7. Coal 1 06. Shale. 4 95. Coal 0104. Shale 1 33. Shaly Sandstone . 1 02. Shale, ferruginous . 4 81. Main Coal. H. Pittsburg. . ..14 0

Prof. Tyson also gives the following elaborate section ofthe Barren Measures, as they are called, in Pennsylvania,lyng between H., or the Pittsburg or Oumberland coal-bed,) and the the lower measures. It is worthy of preserva-tion, for the use of those interested in the region.

The measurements from 670 to 1,120 feet, were taken onthe Savage River and Potomac. Thence, to 1,349 feet, onMill Run, which flows into the George's Creek. Thence, to1,443 feet, on Laurel Run, which also flows into George's&.zeek. From 1,443 feet on the southeast face of Dug Hill,at the foot of which is Lonaconing.

Character ofRock.

Mein coals U.Bank of iron-ore.Shale.Fire-clay.Limestone.Shale.Sandstone, fine grain.Shale.Coal, G.Shale.Shale. Ore No. 20 at

ite top,Shale, ferruginousCoal.Shale.Coal.Ore, Nos. 17, 18 and 19,

in shale.Ore No. 16, in fire-clay.Shale.Coal.Ore No. 15, in shale.Ore-ball, in stratum of

fire-clay.Shale.Coal.Shale.Ores Nos. 13 and 14, in

fire-clay.Sandstone.Ores 12, 11, 10 and 9,

in shale.Shale, with oreba11s

Nos. 8 and 7.Ore No. 6.Shale, with ore No. 5.Coal.Ore No. 4, in shale.Coal.Shale.Shale and coal together.Ore No. 3, in shale.Coal.Shale.

Thickness.

o s.cont1s.4 seconds.8 seconds.0 seconds.6 seconds.6 SecOfl(is.0 seconds.6 seconds.6 seconds.0 seconds.8 seconds.

FeetAbove Tide.

1,800. 14 minutes,

11 minutes,3 minutes,

1,750. 1 minute,15 minutes,29 minutes,

1,700. 27 minutes,2 minutes,4 minutes,

16 minutes,

1 minute,3 minutes,1 minute,1 minute,

1,650. 2 minutes,

o seconds.9 seconds.0 seconds.0 seconds.6 seconds.

3 minutes, 0 seconds.6 seconds.

1 minute, 0 seconds.7 seconds.0 seconds.2 minutes,

1 minute,2 minutes,5 minutes,

6 seconds.6 seconds.6 seconds.6 seconds.

1 minute, 6 seconds.6 minutes, 6 seconds.

6 minutes, 6 seconds.

7 seconds.4 minutes, 3 seconds.

6 seconds.6 seconds.

1 minute, 6 seconds.2 minutes, 0 seconds.2 minutes, 3 seconds.2 minutes, 2 seconds.2 minutes, 1 second.

6 seconds.

FeetAbove Tide.

1,600.

32 minutes, 0 sec(nd5.4 minutes, 6 seconds.2 minutes, 6 second3.3 minutes, 0 seconds.3 minutes, 6 seconds.

8 seconds.1 minute, B seconds.1 minute, 6 seconds.1 minute, 01 minute, 3 seconds.1 minute, 3 second5.1 minute, 6 seconds.11 minute, 8 seconds.1 6 Seconds.2 minutes, 8 seconds.5 minutes, o Seconds.

1)550. 8 minutes, 0 seeon(k4.4 minutes, B seconds.1 minute, 6 Seconds.7 minutes, 4 seconds.5 minutes, 0 seconds.7 minutes, 0 seconds.2 minutes, 0 Seconds.1 minute, 0 Seconds.

1,500. 39 minutes, 0 seconds.15 minutes, o seconds.3 minutes, 0 seconds6 minutes, o seconds.2 minutes, 0 seconds.

1,450. 10 minutes, 0 seconds.

Character ofRock.

Ore No. 2, inOre No. 1, in shale,Ore in shale.

Undermine in the3 coal,and all the

I above 4 minuteswill come down.If stacked in rowsand self.wasbedfor a month, itwill yield 40 o-o.

Coal.Shaly sandstone.Shale.Coal, B.LimestoneFire-clay.Coal.

hale.Shale ferruginous.Shale.Coal.Shale.Coal.Shale.Coal.Shale, brown.Shale, sandy, with ball&..Shaly sandstone.Shale.Coal.Fire-clay.Shales, ferruginoas.Shale, with balls.Shale, ferruginous.Shale.Sandstone.Shale.Ore in fire-clay.LimestoneOre in fire-clay.Shale.

FeetAbove Tide.

1,450.1,400.

2 minutes,23 minutes,6 minutes,6 minutes,'6 minutes,4 minutes,

1,350. 1 minute,1 minute,3 minutes,4 minutes,8 minutes,6 minutes,

1,300. 33 minutes.minutes,

1,300.11 minutes,

6 minutes,2 minutes,

14 minutes,1,250. 4 minutes,

25 minutes,

2 minutes,102 minutes,

3 minutes,3 minutes.6 minutes,

27 minutes,

Character ofRock.

San dstone.Coal.Shale.Limestone.iSandstone.Shale.Hard black band.Shale, very fèrruginou&Shale.Coal shaly. )Coal, hard. 5', 8"Coal, good. )Sandy fire-clsy.Ore in Shaly fire-clay.Limestone.Sandstone.Shale.Ore-balls.

0 seconds. Marine-shells.( Balls in Shale.

Coal.Shale.Coal.Shale.Coal.

(Shales.I

Fire-clay.6 seconds. Sandstone.

INot explored.

L

36

Thickness

2 minutes, 8 seconds.4 minutes, 10 seconds.2 minutes, 6 seconds.

1 minute, 6 secon(ls.

37

upperblackband-

ore

Thick ness.

44 minutes 0 seconds.8 seconds.

10 seconds.2 seconds.B seconds.0 seconds.0 seconds.0 seconds.6 seconds.8 seconds.(1 seconds.0 seconds.0 seconds.0 seconds.o seconds.0 seconds.6 seconds.

2 seconds.0 seconds.2 seconds.0 seconds.0 seconds.

1,200.1,150.

1,100. 24 minutes,

0 seconds.(I seconds. (Unknown.

Coal-crop, near top.LSaudstone at bottom.( I'erruginous shale.

0 seconds. Gray shale.Black shale.

2 minutes, 0 seconds. 1B seconds. Six-feet coal.60 seconds.0 seconds.0 seconds.

Fire-clay.Shale with of or&Unknown.

,

ee'

nees, ar acte,

roOV 1 @, ock

.1 6 . secon s, re y o. 2, ln re-c a

4'

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r y0 seccnde. oa ,s nY4m inutes 6 and a e.2 es s on oa13 mi '

TlUteB 6 'econ3a 6 condS F, . ireca,secon oal.

f i secon s, a e. .

1 min 6 ,seconds. fre ru inous.1 r n' ,0 e,1

' " se, co n e, oa .1

'minate es conda s. ha e.t ml -nute 6 second1

'minute 6 condaa e,

1'

mtn ite 6 6eCOnds oa ,2 s e,5 mtnutea a e ean it

f

650. 8 0 secon t ,sandy s one,6 a e.

x m' 6, secon oa ,mi nutes 4 ' .second e. jr 1eca.Ymi n 0 e, econ s, a f'

, , erru0, secon s. h ale a e. , .

2 minutea 0 secon e, h a fe, erru iaous.1 minute p, secon s, a e.

, ,, 3 0 con s, and StOIle,

1'

s a e,3

'minutes ss, re In eca .

6 minutes Q ., s. . ne,2 seca e, re n re c

. .

a.1 8, Q,

3

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.ove i .

.s n s San stone,minutcs 0 eco .0145,

S c n s. oal.0, se o14d halen S0 seC 8. ,

in e nds, Limestone.2 m utea 2 ecoC D d 9Be 0 S, a 0 8.

Sha e6 secon e. .m ,a0 secon n.6

ha v r ferru noue.eecon s, e e a

4 secon s. a e.i n e oanute $ seco . ,1m501 .

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d e o I aod0 secon , a .ml , , g'

. 1 f ire-c a .4 inutes secan sm y3"

'f i a .a cl re in ha re6 0 eec n s. r

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inute 0 s. stone.3m s0, ,,

..

aly' n t 6 secon s, e,mi u es,r - al eeb ,00.1 -g 1u s 0 econ a, e11 min te s

' 1al in ae,S

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6 minutes secon s. e.d oa .2 secon s,2m a

9 hlond , a e.14 0 secinutea 0 secon s, oa .4m

,.

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u 6 on s. r yaa stone,2 n tes secot ex ore ,

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Iinutee 0 secou oa .2 m ,.tes con n n1 inu e ,, m ,

oa -cro n ear to .],

, ottom.' o h eh rru us s a.e.tnutes 0 secon s, s a e,

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s, n nown.

1

,,

,

;

--

-

3839

FeetAbove Tide.

12 minutes,2 minutes,2 minutes,

42 minutes,

P

27 minutes,2 minutes,

550 160 minutes,

450

P

0 seconds,o seconds.o seconds.

Character ofRock.

3 minutes, 0 seconds, Coal.1,050. 4 seconds, Shale.1,050. 19 minutes, 0 Sandstone.

8 seconds. Coal.fShales,

Fit e-clay.20 minutes, 0 seconds. -< Shalea,

Fire-clay.

1 minute, 6 seconds. Coal.1,000 10 minutes, 0 seconds. Fire-clay.

950 92 minutes, 0 seconds. Sandstone, (XII.)This rock is constant. It makes the Rat sum-

mit of the West Mountain; and, north of Say—age Creek, has lying on it, isolated cubic blocks,fragments of themselves, as large as three—story houses, very remarkable objects.3 minutes, o seconds. Large baits of ore.

900 14 minutes, 6 seconds. Shale.3 seconds. Shale coal.3 seconds. Sandstone, thin layers.0 seconds. Coal.6 seconds. Shales.

850 6 seconds. (Sandstone, etc., not ex-plored.)

Shale—5n)a]J interval.Sandstone, thin-bedded.Lowest known coal-bed.Principally sandstone,

but not much ex-plored.

90 minutes, 0 seconds. Green shale, of XI.P Gray limestone, of XLSurvey of Aliegany and Oar.-

rett Uounfj'es.It will be seen by the foregoing report of Prof. Tyson, that

a considerable portion of our basin, and its formations, aremarked I, Now, thatsuch mechanical skill has beenexpended upon the perfecting of drilling tools, that surveysmay be made with considerable ease and accuracy. I wouldventure to suggest, that the Legislature of Maryland followthe example of surrounding States, and appropriate moneysufficient to make a geological survey of Allegany and Gar—

rett counties. If this be done, I think, coal strata of a sup&

nor quality would be found in alone, to justify the

outlay. If some of this coal were developed, it would be-

come a new feeder to that languishing State-work, the Chesa-

peake and Ohio Canal,Our Lower Veins.

The time is fast approaching, when the veins of coal whicir

lie under our Big Seam will have to be developed, br, at she

present rate of production. the time which our Ilig Seam will

last is limited. The six-foot vein and the Jour-foot vein have

each been opened in several places in our region. A strong,

though unjust prejudice exists against the coal from theseveins, which, for the time being, has given i€ a black eye.

a number of years, 1 was under the impression, that the coal

so successfully worked in the Clearfield Region Of Pennsyl-

vania, was the same as that of our luwer seams. To satisfy

my mind on this subject, I paid a visit to Pennsylvania, and

found that the coal of the Clear field Region, and the Snow-

Shoe Region, was the same as the lower seams in our basin.,

which, prejudice has condemned here. Millions of tons of

this coal is shipped from our sister State, in fact, it is almost

the only coal that completes with our Big Seam coal in the

Eastern market, in our State, this same coal is denounced

as unfit for use. This alone proves that prejudice prevents

the development of our lower veins. Moreover, I assert, that

there is no coal shipped from those places in l'eunsylvania,named above, equal in quality to the coal mined Iroru

the six-f cot seam of the Empire Mine, in Garrett county,

Maryland. it is a well—established fact, that our seamsof coal become thicker and purer as they are found in &

southern direction. The coal of the six-toot vein., as it is

found at the Empire Mine, is more free from sulphur andother impurities, and makes better lump coal than thatshipped Irom the regions named.

There is another vein which has been opened on the east

side of Dan's Mountain, on the property of Dr. S. P. Smith,

of Cumberland. It is equal in quality to the coal of any of

the lower seams that have been worked, and if properlyworked would make more lump coal.

The unjust prejudice existing against the coal of those

veins must soon give way, and in the uear future they will be

developed and shipped to tne fast increasing bituminous coad

markets of the East and West.

onal

kom

R

Sandstone.OoaI.

1- Shales,I

Fiie-clay.0 seconds. Shales.

Fire-clay.

1 minute, 6 seconds. Coal.1,000 10 minutes, 0 seconds. Fire-clay.

950 92 minutes, 0 seconds. Sandstone, (XII.)This rock is constant. li makes the flat sum-mit of the West Mountain

; and, north of Say—age Creek, has lying on it, isolated cubic blocks,fragments of themselves, a large as three—stery houses, very remarkable objects.3 minutes, 0 seconds. Large balls of ore.

900 14 minutes, 6 seconds. Shale.3 seconds. Shale coal.

12 minutes, 3 seconds. Sandstone, thin layers.2 minutes, 0 seconds. Coal.2 minutes, 6 seconds. Shales.

850 42 minutes, (3 seconds. (Sandstone, etc.,not ex—plored.)

? P Shale—Small interval.27 minutes, 0 seconds. Sandstone,thin-bedded.2 minutes, 0 seconds. Lowest known coal-bed.

550 160 minutes, 0 seconds. Principally sandstone,but not much ex-plored.

90 minutes, 0 seconds. Green shale, of XI.450 P Gray limestone, of XL

Recommendations..__Geologjcal Survey of Al!egany and Gar-rett Gounties.

It will be seen by the foregoing report of Prof. Tyson, thata considerable portion of our basin, and its formations, aremarked I, unknown. Now, that such mechanical skill has beenexpended upon the perfecting of drilling tools, that urveyamay be made with considerable ease and accuracy. I wouJdventure to suggest, that the Legislature of Maryland followthe example of surrounding States, and appropriate moneysufficient to make a geological survey of Allegany and Gar—

FeetAbove Tide.

38

Thicknes,

3 minutes, 0 seconds.1,050. 4 seconds.1,050. 19 minutes, 0 seconds.

8 seconds.

Character fRock.

Coal.Shale.

20 minutes,

39

rett counties. If this be done, I think, coal strata of a sup&

nor quality would b found it Uarret alone, to justify thoutlay. If some of this coal were developed, it would be-

come a new feeder to that languishing State-work, the Chesa-

peake and Ohio Canal,Our Lower Veins.

The time is fast approaching when the veins of coal which

lie under our Big Seam will have to be developed, for, at the

present rate of production. the time which our lig Seam will

last is limited. The six-foot vein and the lour-foot vein have

each been opened in several places in our region. A strongthough unjust prejudice exists against the c'al from these

veins, which, for the time being, has given it a black eye. For

a number of years, I was under the impression, that the coal.

so successfully worked in the Clearfield Region o Penusyl-vania, was the same as that of our luwer seams. To satisfy

my mind on tbissIlhject, I paid a visit to Pennsylvania, and

found that the coal of the Clearfield Region, arid the Snow-

Shoe Region, was the same as the lower seams in our basin,

which, prejudice has condemned here. Millions of tons of

this coal is shipped from our sister State, in fact, it is almost

the only coal that completes with our Big Seam coal in the

Eastern market. in our State, thiS same coal is denounced

as unfit for use. This alone proves that prejudice prevents

the development of our lower veins. Moreover, 1 assert, that

there is no coal shipped from those places in Pennsylvania,

named above, equal in quality to the coal mined fromthesix-foot seam of the Empire Mine, in Garrett county,

Maryland. it is a well—establislieti fact, that our seamsof coal become thicker and purer as they are found in a

southern direction. The coal of' the six-foot vein., as it is

found at the Empire Mine, is more free from sulphur and

other impurities, and makes better lump coal than thatshipped from the Pennsylvania regions named.

There is another vein which has been opened on the east

side of Dan's Mountain, on the property of Dr. S. P. Smith,

of CUmberlat1d. It is equal in quality to the coal of any of

the lower seams that have been worked, and if properlyworked w0ld make more lump coal.

The unjust prejudice existiug against the coal of those

veins must soon give way, and in the uear future they will be

developed and shipped to tue fast jucreasing bituminous coal

markets of the East and West.

40

Death-Bate.The coal shipments during the past two years, as near as

it can be ascertained, amounts to tons.The number of casualties resulting in instant death in the

flines of this region, during the sameperiod, was ten, beingJn the ratio of one death for every 439,808 tons of coal mined.This ratio of death-rate to the ton mined, is very favorable tothe general management of our mines, and it is a question ifany mining region in the United States, or in any country inthe world, can exhibit so small a per centage of human lifelost to the ton of coal mined.

ConHaving embodied in this report the few special recommen-

tiations that I have deemed it incumbent upon me to make, inthe form of legislation, I have nothing further of a generalzature to recommend.

All of which is respectfully submitted.THOMAS BROWN,

Inspector of Mines for Alleganyand Gairett Counties.

December 31st, 1881.

,—-—

-—--

----

----

---

—',

—L

—

40

Death-Bate.The coal shipments during the past two years, as near as

itcan be ascertained, amounts to 4,39S,O'T8 tons.The number of casualties resulting in instant death in the

mines of this region, during the same period, was ten, beingin the ratio of one death for every 439,808 tons of coal mined.This ratio of death-rate to the ton mined, is very favorable tothe general management of our mines, and it is a question ifany mining region in the United States, or in any country inthe world, can exhibit so small a ler centage of human lifelost to the ton of coal mined.

Uoncusion.Having embodied in this report the few special recommen-

tiations that I have deemed it incumbent upon me to make, inthe form of legislation, I have nothing further of a generalsature to recommend.

All of which is respectfully submitted.THOMAS BROWN,

Inspector of Mines for Alleganyand Gairett Counties.

December 3181, 1881.

REPORTOF TUF

INSPECTOR OF MINESFOR 1880.

r

wi

iw'N

.:7,

...

o991 'aoa

SNII LEOO]1DtEkTSNIaJLL. O

REPORTOFFICE OF MINE INSPECTOR

For Allegany and OarreU Counlies,POMPEY-SMASU, MARYLAND,

December 31st, iSSO.To his Excellency, Wm. 7'. ilamilton,

Governor of Maryland:Sxit :—Having had the honor of receiving a commission

from you, bearing date of May 3rd, 1880, appointing me lu-spector of Mines fbr the Counties of Allegany and Gartett,in the State of Maryland, I beg leave to report, that I quail-fled as such officer, by taking the oath required, and enteredupon the discharge of my duties on the date above-mentioned.

Being aware of the existence of much dissatisfaction amongthe miners of this region, in regard to the condition of themines, and the places where they respectively worked, I im-mediately determined upon making a thorough inspectionand examination of every mine and of every working place inthe mines in the coal region of Allegany and Garrett counties.'To this work I devoted several months ofarduous labor, havingvisited and examined every working place in each and everymine in the two counties; and it affords me much pleasuroto inform your Excellency, that I found on the part of themine owners a disposition to obey both the spirit and intentof the law.

The sections of the law requiring the mine owners to fur-nish the miners with timber, to be used in the protection oftheir persons and lives, and providing also for a fair weigh-ing of the coal after it is mined, well and give generalsatisfaction, and have eradicated a great deal of discontentfrom the minds of minere.

I am sorry, however, to state that the section of the lawrelating to the ventilation of our mines, is deficient in sev-eral essential particulars. I am now collecting data uponthis subject, which will enable meto suggest some amend-ments to the law in my next annual report, when the Leg-islative Body of the State will be about to assemble.

REPORTOFFICE OF MINE INSPECTOR

For Allegany and Garrelt Counties,

POMPEYSMA8II, MARYLAND,

Deember 31st, 1880.To his Excellency, Wm T. ilamilton,

Go,einor of Maryland:Sxi:—Having had the honor of receiving a cornmssion

from you, bearing date of May 3rd, 1880, appointing me Itt-spector of Mines for the Courtties of Allegany and Garrett,in the State of Maryland, I beg leave to report, that I quali-fled as such officer, by taking the oath required, and enteredupon the discharge of my duties on the date abovementioned .

Being aware of the existence of much dissatisfaction amongthe miners of this region, in regard to the condition of' themines, and the places where they respectively worked, I im—mediately determined upon making a thorough inspectionand examination of every mine and of every working place inthe mines in the coal region of Allegany and Garrett counties.To this work I devoted several months of'arduous labor, havingvisited and examined every working place in each and everymine in the two counties; and it affords me much pleasureto inform your Excellency, that I found on the part of themine owners a disposition to obey both the spirit and intentof the law.

The sections of the law requiring the mine owners to fur-nish the miners with timber, to be used in the protection oftheir persons and lives, and providing also for a fair weigh-ing of the coal after it is mined, work well and give generalsatisfaction, and have eradicated a great deal o discontentfrom the minds ofminerr.

I am sorry, however, to state that the section of the lawrelating to the ventilation of our mines, is deficient in sev-eral essential particulars. I am now collecting data uponthis subject, which will enable meto suggest some amend-meats to the law in my next annual report, when the Leg—islative Body of the State will be about to assemble.

—1

45

The following shows the number of instant deaths fromcasualties in the mines during the current year, with theverdict of the Jury of Inquisition in each case:

1S80, May 27. John Watson, killed in Big Vein Mine.Inquest before C. S. Murphy, Acting Coroner. ThomasBrown, Mine Inspector, being present. Verdict: That de-ceased, (John Watson,) came to his death, May 27th, 1830,by a fall of roof coal, caused by a loaded car striking andknocking out a prop in the fourth right heading. Big VeinMine, owned and operated by the New Central Coal Companyof Atlegany county, Maryland.

1880, July 28. Win. Cunningham, killed in PhcEnix Mine.inquest before Fazenbaker, Acting Coroner. ThomasBrown, Mine Inspector, being present. Veldict: That de-ceased, (Win. Cunningham,) came to his death ip thePhcenix Mine, owned and operated by the Maryland UnionMining Company, on the 28th day of Jnly, by a fallof breast coal by which his skull was fractured. No blameattached to the officials of the company.

John Watson, the first mentioned victim, was a singleman, and left no family.

Win, Cunningham was married, and left a widow and sixchildren.

General Remarks.The coal mined and shipped from the Maryland region

during the current year, will exceed two million (2,000,000)tons in amount, an increase of nearly haifa million tons overthe preceding year. The year has been a prosperous one forthe leading coal companies of the region, and also for theminers by them.

There has been no general strike among the miners thisseason. Some trouble arose at several of the mines amongthe drivers, and my exertions were used to have the difficul..ties satisfactorily settled.

There was a strike among the employes of the C. & P.Railroad Company, and also among the boatmen of the C. &0. Canal, which had the effect of curtailing shipments of

44

The following gives the nvrnber of casuolUes ia theMines, from May 3rd, 1880, to 318f, 1880.

DATE. Name of Person. Name of Mine. Remarks.

1880May 8 Patrick ('onnelly. Old Lonaconing crushed by a mine" 21 Win. Liddell Blaen Avon Hurt by fall of top coal." 27 Kalbaugh... '' mine car.June 5 Roet. Dick Big Vein " " " and prop.5 Win. WI!,0,, Koontz " "

6 Mungo Walker Big Vein "fall of breast and top coal" 14 FsiIab'm Will lame Borden " " " "" 18 Chris. ICnoepp " Crushed between car and prop.July 27 Jno. Kingeland Arm broken by mine car.27 Jo,. Whjtobead Tram_Road Hurt by mineaud died of injuriesAug. 9 Jas. Brolderick Koontz Mine " fall of breast & top coal" 16 Jas. Barbes. Miiloth Ian Ran over by mine car "" 16 Ernest Horseman. Jackson Kicked by a horseSept. 2 Win. Douglas Koontz Lost a leg by mine car.Dec. 16 Win. Close Johnson Crushed by a fall of breast coal.

coal.The prospect for the coal trade next season seems good

the completion of the new outlet from the coal regions,namely, the George's Creek and Cumberland Railroad, willhave a tendency to reduce freight rates, which will enableour coal operators to compete with other solt coal regions ofadjoining States. The new outlet will likewise add to thetrade of the 0. & 0. Canal, the litigation pending so long

17

e oll'

o2vzn a 2ves te num er v f,ze2nes 8 zn t e

, rom a 3r l 8y ecember t1S 8aa .

_. _ . -- .----- ----- -,

-- - --------.----- =_.----- ___dTE, 1V'ame af Peraon.

- _ ._...._._..,,.1880

~--a 8 Patric fY k onnell .

<< . p21 Wm. LLddel .. ! . ...... 2r cbbe, xaab augh...June 5 Robt. U' 'ck,« b VPm. VPiie

.......rt On....,..

6 Mundo Waa

a Iker,...` 14 Tdlla6'm mV' '

« illiamsI8 Chris. Kaae pp.,.,..

Jull 27 Jno. Mc((ra.d« «... ..27 Jos. .hitebead

dUa,""

", 9 Jas. Brolder'', zck...16.1as. Barber" 18 Ern

... .....eeg c H oraeman.

.ept. 2 2Pm. Dou Iae...,...''ec. 1s sPm. Close. ,.,.,-----..

NNme of fiin n.

--- ____._._OId I,onacaoinnBlaen Aoaa

°......""...............« « ...............

Big Vein....,..,., .,,.......Koantz,,.,,,,,,,Bi Vei

ii i ..,...g n ...............,,

Borden ...,rc

..................Shaft....,..,..,

Kiuusland..,.,,,...

goontz T"""""'

r$m-11oad,.,..,Knont2 2Iine..,.Mi-ilntti

i ........aa ....... ....... ..

aeeson,........ ........,..Koontz.... .,,.... .,.,. ...fobnson...,....,

IIemarke.

.._.._._._.` --....._..........

Crushed bv a mi ne car.$urt b Fall oo f top coal." " mine car. .

<< << << <<

<and prop.

< <c cc ct" "fallofbreastt and tap cccal

r rt cr tr rr

Crushed between car and pr o .A prm broken b mine9 car.Hurt b mine and ' '

Y died of fin urrescc Jfall of breast «« top coal

Ran over b mine e «, y cai

Kicked b a borse <<YLost a le b miney car,Cruehed a fffjy of breast coal.

45

'aa w t t

's o n d t nnw n . o a e nt m ei innta t ea a a oeooi h' ' rin th cur eti 'tm s du e r tt w tth ne e e iCasua tles ln t e i eY Y

. .n iiieiti in as s

verdtct o t e ur o on eaa c e.Y

hhPats n ille i Bi V' '2 Jo nn oo d n eln nnM eMaa0 .

.

Y Y YY

. . rr

r, ,I u h ti or ru f Ac n one omt b r . . snna e o e P YY Y Y

'n e t r bein resent. Ver i tt Thh,t e-w Ia co dc, dro n Mine e e ee

e '. c th hh am t ll ggea .1a 2 th ]. 3n c e i $deaae uh a a so 0 77 r , i Y , ,

, d d r r' innaa tt t, a e ca tt i annf f a ca e o sa R of roo C gg Y a' '

f r ri hea' ii e'a h h t ht di ll it n t e i h n n7na k n ut a r n o .cc o o b

.. rrzt t w entra al om and an o e e e e olne owae y, P

1 een cnuntv ar aa .of A Y .. Ygg

. . . .

1 u 11. m, unnln Hrn -t e ia .aenlx ine..08 8 ,, Y

,------ ' r-- A' ro rr r T h omaa+ az 1 a a cttn o e sn uest e ore e e, ..I ' n,

'

r w I I t.or einU res nt eeedd tt 11at de-o rr, iue gpec , ,, p e. c,,'V i a c c hi d aa 'n n

n nn n m ame tc e th h t ece se , m, u , s'

i iv c and o eratecc b th Mar Ia rl nionh ni rre o uel e nn n n P Y Y'' ' an th SSh d u u fn o e a f t 0 bb, 111IiQi om n 2 0 8 a

e P yy y Y> > >. ,w i hi kull wa f a t red o ammm ch s s r u N l ebreast c al h s co c y .'l nt t h cc s of t com aa a t eo a eat c e o .YA,

. .

. t t f ir mentiun v' ti wo n a son e st e ic m aa a sln e> > >

.f 1mmn, an e t no am .

. y. . .in n am wa arrled w w'm n n m nd it w w

, l1 Tl , a e a I 4 an 61xb b

. ,1 ((I'eDC . ' renerrt ema s,

'1

'

ca ad fr r rrdr ile 0 ITIIIll TT 8 1 e Ot21 @ d Il 8 Qiii i ir t w' tw ' I'o

n t e r n ear 1 exceed ml i nnri cu e o 044 40u 0Y , ,g g' ' rr rl a

a '1' t ttn am m t an ac of nea h lf a mi li ing v rtons oon t eee on o ee Y

rr a n n 1t e ece in e r. e vear as ee a ro9 erous one orr r rA

.ead n com a'e of t r++io ft e i cQa ni e e e e an a eo or ttee D )

.minere -em e t em, -- -

h' ' '

U P` ` aee as e n o ener 9t i e amon th min r t ise n n r e hg e sa

eaeon S me tr ble ar s at sev ra f t ineee . o ou o e e o e m among. .

r v anci xert n w s d v -e c ers m e o ere u e to e th 1t t s a ee cuu Y

. . .ff r ettlsatt ct il edtles s s o s .Y .

uere was a tra e amon t e em e the oy s o e, .' loa t '

na h b tai road om an aa, s mon e oa nnen of t e .p v g nn..

C v. . .. .

. n nn h tt e, t af rt tal c a ac c at ent, a, r u in s i m sog g

coa , ,

t d C CC

a ros ect or t e coa rr e neg se son neems o0p rg

' t w 1

' 'R0 1 t o n ut t f rt c ioa o om th te m e e e e r e coa e on

P P P

a eccr ''r e and m r d' r a w'rr t e e e u e an ai o d iln e v, e ,r r

r. .

..a a enc t re u e rr ttt s ww wi na 1e ten o c e r e ch e ee e.ur coa o erators to com ete wit ot er soft c a re ions o0 0 g... . . .

in t t a. e ew ut et w 1 ww e a d t t ea o in a e n o i i e s o,

.. . .. F, al th t a innr e o t e , . an ee i tttn en no on ..

46

been the Court of so as to assurea connection between the two lines of' transportation.

Ventilating Furnace8.There are only nine fuTnaces for ventilating purposes in

the whole extent of' our coal region, the most of the minesbeing ventflated upon the natural mode. As I consider thissubject of the most vital importance in connection with myduties as inspector, I shall enlarge more fully upon it inmy next annual report, and offer suggestions for theconsideration of the General Assembly.

A Good Record br the Consolidal'ion Coal Company.This company has mined and shipped, during the current

year, over half a million tons of coal, without the loss of asingle life.

____________tion

g publica:

sary to enter more fully into the details of mining operationsin this region ; nor have I thought it advisable to burdenthe report with any suggestions or recommendations concern-ing the interior regulation, management and ventilation ofmines. I am, however, collecting information and data up-on these subjects, which are of so great importance to thesafety of the persons, and the protection of the lives of ourminers, and will lay my deductions before you and the Gen-eral Assembly, for respectful consideration, in my next re—P

of which is most respectfully submitted.

Inspector of Mines forAllegany and Garrett Counties.

.

. .1 Q0 C Qavin ee ot iona e o t...

eryztz atzn urnaces,. . , .ere are on or 1 Uro

. .1 i t fo xt nt o r n t mo9 o te e e e ou c e o, e eg'v t' at ra o n' t'in u t n u m e A i r hen i e on e . co s et f t v' i tsu ec o t e m m'

f "uti as ns e t r a en r e more u 1 t ies i c o, a u on i nYp Pgn t an e

'us rm egt an a re r o er som su eeY

ac nsl eration ot t e enerao e .

. .0o ecor or t e onso 2 at2on oa om an ,' 'd

'i tconl av ati e i e ur n e current8 P Y a

r o e hal ''t 1 t t e fea v r a ml llon n oa it ou os, 0 SO C a

i e. ' '+' n f I i ic -T er b i ro out o w 1 c e u ah e e n no a PApA. . . .

t t eeme it n -s cou o eceaato more into t e of o eration3

cl'abetln i on h v I th u t it a o urd nt s re t nor a Q o e .g g

r m ation con e-th re ort with an su ns r eco mea c rne o 0Y. . . . ,t e re atlon nlanaaement an atlonu ob 7 a' ' f t' a d -r t 1 a n dn weve 1 n n orm i n a uml ee. am o , co ec qt ese w ic o so reat im ortance to t eg . . ,v er n d t r t cti o t e i e oa t th o a e o e on o ure e o e e e ns, pP. . . . ,

m n o t -e u u ore x n e enera or ect u Consl eration next re-Yort.

. ..o w lc is nlost res ect mitte ..

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.

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FROSTBURG REGION.

& PENNSYLVANIA R. R. GONBERLAND C.&I.Co's

Total. ByB&ORBYC&OCT TotaL

Tons. Tons. Tone. Tone. Tons. Tons. Tons. Tong.

16421 757I 951]

1843 3,661 3,661: 6,4211]8441 5.156, 5.156 9734] 9,72418451 13,730 10,915 10,9151840! 11,246, 1l,240 18,555 18,555

i 20.6151 32,325 32,32511848] 36.571] 36,571 43,000 43,0003849] 63,676' 63,676 78,773! 78,7731850] 73,7831 3,167' 76,950 118,023] 875 119,998!issil 70,99'.)! 51.4381 103,808 31,540 135,34811852 128,534! 16,337 174,891 139,025, 19,362 159,287

150,381] 84,060 274,441, 355,278' 70,535 225.81318541 63.731 212,684 173,580' 92,114 265,6941855 93,6911 77.0951 171,056, 100,691 198,40111856 86,934 80,3871 167,381! 121,945! 105,149 227,09411857 80.743 55,174, 135,917] 88,573 54,006 142,5731858 48,018 166,712 214,730 66,009 87,5311 153,548

48,415 211,639 260,054 72,423 86,203 158,6263860 70,669 232,2781 302,947 80,500 63,600 144,1(101861 22,878 68,3031 92.181 25,983 29,296 55,27911862 71,74& 75,206 146,951 41,096 23,47' 64,574'863 117,7961 173,269; 291.0651 111,087 154,6101864 287,126 194,120:

I481,246] 67,676! 64,522 132,108'

1865 384,297 285,295 669,592 104,6511 57,907; 162,558;1866 592,938 883,967 57,251 52,150 104.4101867 623,031] 385,249

I 1,008,280 40,106] 72,9041 113,010'1868 659,1151 424,406 1,083,521 100,345 57,919 158,264'1869 1,016,777 573,243 1,500,020; 130,017] 78,908! 208,925

2,093,617! 1,192,224'

CUMBERLAND BRANCH. I

1870 909 511 520 lOb, 1 42.) 707' 114 404] 81 9o11 198345]

1871 656,085 1,903,364' 69,864 194,254] 264,1181872 1.283,9561 612,517 22,021 1,918,514] 26,5861 203,666 23i,,162]1873 1503,570' 641,220 114,689 2,265,3791 89.765] 137,582 227.3471874 1 295,8041 631.882 67,671 1,994.902 113670 135,182 248,8621875 1 095,8801 716,673 160,213, 1,971,766! 52,505 164,165 216,6701876 939,262' 443,435 131.866 15,285 189,005 204,2501877 755,278 473,646 170,884 1,399,808 63,181 111,350 174,5311878 823,801] 486,038, 145,864 1,455,703 99,455 123,166 222,6211879 933,240' 397,009! 154,264 1,484,513 141,907; 104,218 246 1451880 1,055,491 471,8001 213,446 1,740,737 137,525 131,325] 328,8501881 1,113,263 270,156! 153,501, 1,536,920 271,570, 151,526 423,096 83,136

*IflCludes 59,138 tons ustd on line of Cunobe'iand and Pennsylvania Railroadand Ohio Railroad Company in locomotives, lolling mills, &c.

(11 ;his 75,149 tonS weru shipptd to Chesape6ke end Ohio Canal

51

Trade from 1842 eo 1,881, Years.

PIEDMONTREGION.

_______

'rotal by I Total by Total by

k GUM. R. C. R.RPenna. Aggreg't

Tonsl Tons. Tons. 'l'ons.I

Tons. Tons. Tons. Tone.

I' 10, 10,082

I

' 11, I' 14,890' 24. 1 24653

1

29, ' ,

'i 62, 52.940I

j

79, L'I

79,571142, 5 I 142,449

I I 192. 4.042 186,848] 174, 1! 82,978 257,679

] 268 ! 66,719] 334,1781

73,725! I 376 ); 157,761) 533,979

' I181,3031 503 155.845 659.681

65,570' 478 6' 383,786, 662,272I '269,210 42,765], 502 'i 706,450

51,628 465,012 116,574 582,48663,060 395,405] 254,251 649,656

426,512 297,812 724,35452,564 493031! 295 878 788,90936,660 172,075' 269,67436,627 218,9501 98,6811 317,63436,240 531 553' 216,792! 748345

199,354 258,642 657,996560,293' 343,202 903,496

' 90,964 736,157 1,079,331735,669, 458,153 I 1,193,822

818,1181 482.325] 1.130,44383,724, 1,230,518, 1,882,669

V. M's]

60,988] 1,112,938 604,137] 1,717,075136,453' 1.494,8)4 850,339! 2,345,153

I 121,364! 1,517.347 016,103 22,021 2,355,471, 103,793] 1,780,7)0' 778,8021 114,589 2,674,101

,I 57.492 109,194 1,576,161) 767,064' 67,671 2,410,895

90,800, 1,302,237 879,838 160,698 2,342,7737,505' 1,070,775 632,440 131,866 1.835,081

, 818.451) 584,996 170,884 1,574,339I

998] 924,254 609,204 145.864 1,679,322I 51 1,075.198 501,217 154,264 1,730,709

1,319 589 603,125 213,446 2.136,16088,722] * 1478 502 504,818 278,598, 2,261,918

and its branches, and at Comber land and Piedmont; 194,820 used by th8

J'ie4wunt, B. 4 O.E, B., tu Vumberland.

50

TABLE No. 2.—The Cunlberland Coat

____

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