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有情緒及行為問題的學生: 了解他們,關心他們 ·...
Transcript of 有情緒及行為問題的學生: 了解他們,關心他們 ·...
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Learning objectives 1.Contributors of behaviour in a typically developing
child
2. Neurological and neuropsychological basis of developmental behavioural disorders in childhood
3. Early identification of common developmental conditions: what are their core features:
4. Case sharing
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Factors that contribute to behaviour in typically developing child
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Chromosomal
Single gene mutation
Syndromal
Genomic imprinting
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Genetic: Autism
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Parenting style vs. childs behaviour
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Attachment/
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Baduras reciprocal determination
Personal/ cognitive Factors: Beliefs; traits; emotions
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Environmental Reinforcers: Emotional response of others; social support
Behavior: response to failure; imitation of models
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Neurobiological and neuropsychological basis of
developmental behavioural disorders
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Shaywitz SE, Shaywitz BA, Fulbright R, et al (2013). Neural Systems for Compensation and Persistence: Young Adult Outcome of Childhood Reading Disability. Biological Psychiatry 54:25-33.
Normal Dyslexic Compensated dyslexic
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Siok WT, Perfetti CA, Jin Z & Tan LH.Nature 2004;431:76-79.
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Fear circuitry
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Maturational delay in ADHD brains
Source: NIMH Child Psychiatry Branch
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www.strattera.com 2013
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Dopamine Noradrenaline Serotonin-
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http://www.drthomasebrown.com/brown_model/index.html 2013
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Externalizingdisorders
Developmental Disorders
Internalizingdisorders
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Variations Problems Disorders
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Mental Retardation
Attention Deficit (Hyperactivity)
Disorder
Specific Learning Disorders
Autistic Spectrum Disorders
Specific Language Impairment
Developmental Coordination
Disorder
Gifted Development
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Trends in the Prevalence of DevelopmentalDisabilities in US Children, 19972008
Pediatrics 2011;127:10341042 2013
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Adjustment problem Family problem Child abuse Anxiety Depression/ Bipolarq/
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1. Eating disorder /2. Sleep disorder 3. Oppositional defiant disorder/Conduct
disorder /4. Tourette 5. Schizophrenia 6. Susbtance abuse
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FING()
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Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)
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: 5.69 (1996) to 7.57 (2008)
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: 10%
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Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
Core features Inattention Hyperactivity Impulsivity
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Developmental Delay /Mental retardation
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Gifted Development
www.sengifted.org
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Specific Learning Disorder
(SLD)
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10%
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Prevalence, gender ratio and gender differences in readingrelated cognitive abilities among Chinese children with dyslexia in Hong Kong. Educational StudiesVolume 33, Issue 2, 2007
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Autism Spectrum Disorder
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Prevalence of ASD on the rise!
*Recentresearchhasindicatedthatchangesindiagnosticpracticesmayaccountforatleast25%oftheincreaseinprevalenceovertime,howevermuchoftheincreaseisstillunaccountedforandmaybeinfluencedbyenvironmentalfactors.
2009AutismSpeaksInc.AutismSpeaksandAutismSpeaksItsTimetoListen&DesignaretrademarksownedbyAutismSpeaksInc.Allrightsreserved. 2013
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Autism Spectrum Disorder
Asperger Syndrome
Rett Syndrome
Childhood Disintegrative Disorder
Autistic Disorder
PDD-NOS NVLD
SPCD
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Autistic Spectrum Disorders
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Core features
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Anxiety
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(Merikangas & Avenevoli, 2002)
: 6.9%
30.2% (Leung, et al., 2008)
: 8-27% (Costello et al., 2005)
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Types of anxiety
1.Generalized Anxiety Disorder 2.Social Phobia 3.Separation Anxiety 4.Obsessive Compulsive Disorder 5.Selective Mutism 6.Specific Phobia 7.Post Traumatic Stress Disorder
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Triangle of anxiety
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Signs of anxiety
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: 15-20%
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(SAD)
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