October 1, 2005

Applying Advanced Water Treatment Technology in the Largest Facility in

North America

Chad Hill, Vice President – Black & Veatch

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The Enemies …

Cryptosporidium Giardia

Virus

Bacteria

Algae

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National Focus Shifts to Water

1993 - Cryptosporidium outbreak in Milwaukee

403,000 illnesses

Estimated 100+ deaths

25 lawsuits, continuing over 6 years ($millions)

They never violated any drinking water standards.

Data Source: New England Journal of Medicine, July 21, 1994, Vol. 331, No. 3, pp 161-167.

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Time Had Come to Reinvest in Water Utility

1900’s facilities ready for retirement

1994 - Wide-scale "Study" of treatment plants began at Minneapolis

1994 – 1999 Studies found:

Watershed is much more vulnerable to “Crypto” than Milwaukee

Recommended 99.9999% removal (6.0 LRV) to address the risk (note: later EPA regulations are less stringent)

"Microsporidium" found (elsewhere) even smaller than "Crypto"

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Solution - Ultrafiltration Membranes

Module Divisions for even flow distribution

By-pass tubes

Highly porousmembrane

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How to Sell a $160M Program

Sincere and prudent approach

Gain grass roots support

Public Health officials

Academia

Citizen advocacy groups

Regulators

Work closely and often with Council and Mayor

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MWW Treatment System

MississippiRIVER

RECARBONATION RESERVOIR

75 MG

BYPASS

ULTRAFILTRATION

RESERVOIR

MIX / COAG. / FLOC. / SETTLE

SAND FILTERS

SOFTENING

TO DISTRIBUTION

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Ultrafiltration Equipment

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The Numbers

377 square feet of Membrane surface per module (about 9,600 fibers per module)

4 modules per vessel

28 vessels per UF Unit

40 UF Units

1,688,960 sq. feet of Membrane Area

43,008,000 = total number of fibers

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How Much Did it Cost?

Ultrafiltration equipment

$17 Million

Building, installation ancillary plant

$ 36 Million

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Acknowledgements

Adam J. Kramer, P.E.Director of Water Works (Retired 6/3/05)

Shahin Rezania, P.E.Interim Director of Water Works

Dale Folen, P.E.Project Manager

Annika Bankston, P.E.Project Engineer, Membrane Specialist

Dozens of other City Employees100+ Black & Veatch Staff