OCEANSKI POROST NEPTUNE GRASS NAPLAVINE MORSKE...
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NAPLAVINE MORSKE VEGETACIJE SEA VEGETATION DEPOSITS Naplavine morske vegetacije redovito čis od smeća antropogenog podrijetla! Sea vegetaon deposits should be regularly cleaned of garbage of human origin! Nemojte gazi po naplavini morske vegetacije! Do not walk on sea vegetaon deposits! Nemojte u potpunos uklanja naplavine prirodnog podrijetla (osušene lis- tove morskih cvjetnica i dijelove algi) jer služe kao skrovište i hrana drugim organizmima! Natural material deposited by currents (dried leaves of marine flowering plants and parts of algae) serves as shelter and food for other organisms. Do not completely remove such material! Nemojte pali vatru na plaži koja je opasna, ne samo za ljude, nego i za biljne i živonjske organizme! Do not light a fire on the beach – it is dangerous not only for humans, but also for plants and animals! PRAVILA PONAŠANJA CODE OF CONDUCT PRAVILA PONAŠANJA CODE OF CONDUCT OCEANSKI POROST NEPTUNE GRASS (POSIDONIA OCEANICA) Oceanski porost, posidonija ili voga (Posido- nia oceanica) je morska cvjetnica koja ima puzavu, položenu stabljiku (rizom), korije- njem pričvršćenu uz podlogu. Iz rizoma se uz- dižu izdanci koji nose 4 do 8 listova u snopiću. Ima duguljasto i jednostavno lišće, u prosjeku dugo 30 do 80 cm, a široko oko 1 cm. Neptune grass (Posidonia oceanica) is a sea- grass species with a creeping laid stem (rhi- zome), which is aached to the base by small roots. Out of the rhizome rise shoots carry - ing bundles of four to eight leaves. Neptune grass has elongated and simple leaves, on av - erage 30 to 80 cm long, and approximately 1 cm wide. Livade oceanskog porosta „tvornice“ su kisika i „spremnici“ bioraznolikos. U njima se mnoge vrste hrane, razmnoža - vaju i nalaze zaklon. Svojim ispreplete - nim položenim stabljikama (rizomima) i uspravnim izdancima smanjuju odno - šenje sedimenta djelovanjem morskih struja; važne su i za kruženje hranjivih soli u moru. Livade oceanskog porosta vrijedan su ekosustav Sredozemlja, a tako i Jadrana, koji moramo sačuva. Neptune grass meadows are “oxygen factories” and “storage” of biodiversity. Many species feed, reproduce and find shelter in them. With their interwoven, laid stems (rhizomes) and vercal shoots, they decrease the depleon of sediment due to sea currents, and are also important for sediment nutrient cycling in the sea. Neptune grass meadows are a valuable ecosystem of the Mediterranean, and also of the Adriac, which we must preserve. Živi samo u Sredozemnom moru (endemska vrsta). Gradi morske livade koje se protežu na sedimentnim dnima, a može se naći i u pukonama sjena u kojima se istaložilo do- voljno sedimenta. Nastanjuje područja s vi- sokom prozirnošću mora, tj. do dubine do koje dopire Sunčeva svjetlost. U sjevernom Jadranu, gdje je manja prozirnost vodenog stupca, livade sežu najviše do 20 m dubine, a u Južnom Jadranu i do oko 50 m. Poput kopnenih biljaka, oceanski porost gubi lišće i obnavlja ga svake godine. Ipak vegeta- cijsko razdoblje nešto je drugačije za razliku od kopnenih biljaka: rast se zbiva početkom zime tako da je lišće u kasno ljeto staro i pre- kriveno epifima, tj. organizmima koji žive na njegovim listovima. Krajem ljeta te počet - kom jeseni, odbačeno lišće akumulira se na obali. Neptune grass lives only in the Mediterra- nean Sea (it is an endemic species). The plant grows in sea meadows spreading in soſt boom, and it can also be found in rock cracks with sufficient deposited sediment. The plant is inhabing areas with high sea transparency, i.e. up to the depth penetrated by sunlight. In the northern Adriac, where transparency of the water column is lower, meadows can reach maximum depth of up to twenty meters. In the southern Adriac, meadows may reach depths of as many as fiſty meters. Like land plants, Neptune grass is shedding leaves and growing them again every year. However, the vegetaon season is somewhat different compared to land plants: the growth occurs at the beginning of winter, which means that by late summer the leaves are old and covered by epiphytes – organisms living on plant leaves. Towards the end of summer and the beginning of autumn, the discarded leaves accumulate along the coast. Oceanski porost se najvećim dijelom razmnožava nespolno – otkinum dijelovima položene stablji- ke (rizom). Rjeđe se razmnožava spolno – cvjeta- njem. Biljka cvjeta u kasnu jesen i početkom zime, no ne svake godine. Plodovi oblikom i bojom pod- sjećaju na plodove masline. Kada dozriju, ispluta- ju na morsku površinu, pa ih tako vjetar i morske struje mogu raznije. U svakom je plodu jedna sje- menka, koja nakon raspucavanja usplođa tone na morsko dno i zakorjenjuje se. Odatle će potencijal- no izniknu mlada biljka. Neptune grass is reproducing asexually in most cas- es – via detached roots of the laid rhizome. Sexual reproducon by flowering is a comparavely rare occurrence. The plant is flowering in late autumn and in the beginning of winter, but not every year. The shape of plant fruits is similar to the shape of olives. When they ripen, they float onto the sea surface, and can thus be carried by wind and sea currents. Every fruit contains one seed, which sinks to the sea boom aſter the cracking of the outer layer and grows roots. A potenal new plant can potenally sprout from there. Raste u području gdje je prisak ljudskih akvnos izrazito velik. Sidrenje plovila u oceanskom porostu znatno oštećuje mrežu položenih stabljika (rizoma), koja tada postaje podložna razaranju valova. Osim toga ugrožavaju ga strane invazivne vrste (poput ze- lenih algi roda Caulerpa), onečišćenje otpadnim voda- ma, gradnja i nasipanje u more iznad njegovih naselja, uzgajališta riba i školjkaša, marine, lučice, neki ribo- lovni ala. Zbog važnos livada ove morske cvjetnice te osjetljivos i ugroženos koja im prije, oceanski porost je u Hrvatskoj strogo zašćen Zakonom o zaš prirode. Neptune grass grows in areas where the pressure of hu - man acvies is extraordinarily high. Anchoring of vessels in Neptune grass communies causes significant dama - ge to the laid stem (rhizome) network, which becomes subject to destrucon by waves. In addion, the danger is also posed by invasive alien species (such as seaweed of the genus Caulerpa ), wastewater polluon, and con - strucon and land reclamaon in the vicinity of Neptune grass communies. These communies are also endan - gered by fish and shell culvaon facilies, marinas, lile ports, and some fishing tools. Due to the importance of Neptune grass meadows, their sensivity and the dan - ger they face, Neptune grass is strictly protected in Croa - a by the Law on Nature Protecon. Na pješčanim i šljunčanim obalama često se mogu naći naplavine organskog podrijetla, poput ostataka morskih cvjetnica i raznih alga. U uvali Sakarun do- miniraju naslage odbačenog lišća oceanskog porosta. One su vrlo važne jer pridonose ukupnoj količini organske tvari na samom staništu. Zbog izrazitog kolebanja ekoloških uvjeta te priska ljudskog djelovanja, ta su staništa iznimno osjetljiva. Karakterisčne vrste koje se hrane organskim de- tritusom koji nastaje raspadanjem lišća morske vegetacije su neki račići (npr. Lekanesphaera sardoa, Sphaeroma serratum, Echinogammarus olivii, Talitrus saltator i Orchesa gammarellus), sitni mnogočetonaši (npr. rod Ophelia), sit - ni kukci roda Bledius, kornjaš hitra (Cicindela sp.) i dr. Deposits of organic origin can frequently be encountered on sandy and pebble coast, such as remains of seagrass and various algae. The dominant deposits in Sakarun Bay consist of discarded Neptune grass leaves. These deposits are very important, because they contribute to the total quanty of organic sub- stance in the habitat itself. Due to extraordinary oscillaons of ecological condions, and due to the pre- ssure of human acvies, these habitats are extremely sensive. Characte- risc species feeding on organic detritus resulng from the disintegraon of sea vegetaon leaves include some species of crustacea (e.g. Lekanesphaera sardoa, Sphaeroma serratum, Echinogammarus olivii, Talitrus saltator and Or - chesa gammarellus), small polychaetes (e.g. genus Ophelia), small insects of the genus Bledius, species of beetle (Cicindela sp.), etc. Pojedini listovi oceanskog porosta mogu bi duži od 1 m. Individual Neptune grass leaves can exceed 1 m in width. Jedino još u morima oko Australije žive dvije srodne vrste. Two species related to Neptune grass exist only in the sea around Australia. U livadama oceanskog porosta živi više od 20% poznah morskih vrsta Sredozemnog mora. Over 20% of known marime species of the Mediterranean live in Neptune grass meadows. Zbog sporog rasta, neki primjerci oceanskog po- rosta mogu bi stari i preko 1000 godina, a to ga čini jednim od najdugovječnijih organizama Sredozemlja. Due to their slow growth, some Neptune grass specimens can live over 1000 years! That makes Neptune grass one of the most long-lived organ- isms of the Mediterranean. KAKO IZGLEDA? HOW DOES IT LOOK? ZAŠTO JE VAŽAN? WHY IS IT IMPORTANT? GDJE I KADA RASTE? WHERE AND WHEN IT GROWS? KAKO SE RAZMNOŽAVA? HOW DOES IT REPRODUCE? ZAŠTO JE UGROŽEN? WHY IS IT ENDANGERED? JESTE LI ZNALI? DID YOU KNOW? JESTE LI ZNALI? DID YOU KNOW? JESTE LI ZNALI? DID YOU KNOW? JESTE LI ZNALI? DID YOU KNOW? Prirodna obnova oštećenih livada oceanskog po- rosta traje više desetaka godina. Natural repair of damaged Neptune grass meadows takes several decades. JESTE LI ZNALI? DID YOU KNOW? Naslage lišća oceanskog porosta naplavljene na obalu Layers of Neptune grass leaves deposited on the coast Priprema i tekst: Državni zavod za zaštu prirode Grafičko oblikovanje: Kudos Studio d.o.o. Rizom i listovi oceanskog porosta Neptune grass rhizome and leaves Cvijet oceanskog porosta Neptune grass flower Raspucani plodovi i sjemenke oceanskog porosta Cracked Neptune grass fruits and seeds Klijanac oceanskog porosta Neptune grass shoot Uništena livada oceanskog porosta - posljedica sidrenja Destroyed Neptune grass meadow – a consequence of anchoring Naslage na listovima oceanskog porosta uslijed onečišćenja Deposits on Neptune grass leaves caused by polluon U prošlos, naročito na obali i otocima, suhi oceanski porost, tzv. „lažina“, korisla se za punjenje madraca i sl. In the past, in parcular on the coast and the islands, dry Neptune grass, the so-called “lažina”, was used as a filling for maresses, and for similar purposes. JESTE LI ZNALI? DID YOU KNOW? Nemojte sidri u livadama posidonije! Do not anchor in Neptune grass meadows! Sidrite samo na trajnim dopuštenim sidrišma („mrtvi vezovi“)! Anchor only in permanently allowed anchorages (“corpomorto”)! Nemojte upotrebljava ribolovne alate koji mogu ošte / uništava naselje posidonije! Do not use fishing tools that might damage/ destroy Neptune grass communies! Nemojte gradi i nasipava u more iznad livada posidonije i u njihovoj blizini! Do not light a fire on the beach – it is dangerous not only for humans, but also for plants and animals! Foto: KPD INA Kostrena Foto: A. Žuljević Foto: H. Čižmek Foto: P. Rodić Foto: T. Bakran-Petricioli Foto: Udruga Sunce Foto: T. Bakran-Petricioli Livada oceanskog porosta Neptune grass meadows Foto: Udruga Sunce Lišće u kasno ljeto stari i prekriveno je epifima Late-summer leaves geng older and covered by epiphytes Foto: Arhiva DZZP/SINP archive
Transcript of OCEANSKI POROST NEPTUNE GRASS NAPLAVINE MORSKE...
NAPLAVINE MORSKE VEGETACIJESEA VEGETATION DEPOSITS
Naplavine morske vegetacije redovito čistiti od smeća antropogenog podrijetla!Sea vegetation deposits should be regularly cleaned of garbage of human origin!
Nemojte gaziti po naplavini morske vegetacije! Do not walk on sea vegetation deposits!
Nemojte u potpunosti uklanjati naplavine prirodnog podrijetla (osušene lis-tove morskih cvjetnica i dijelove algi) jer služe kao skrovište i hrana drugim organizmima!Natural material deposited by currents (dried leaves of marine flowering plants and parts of algae) serves as shelter and food for other organisms. Do not completely remove such material!
Nemojte paliti vatru na plaži koja je opasna, ne samo za ljude, nego i za biljne i životinjske organizme!Do not light a fire on the beach – it is dangerous not only for humans, but also for plants and animals!
PRAVILA PONAŠANJA CODE OF CONDUCT
PRAVILA PONAŠANJA CODE OF CONDUCT
OCEANSKI POROST NEPTUNE GRASS (POSIDONIA OCEANICA)
Oceanski porost, posidonija ili voga (Posido-nia oceanica) je morska cvjetnica koja ima puzavu, položenu stabljiku (rizom), korije-njem pričvršćenu uz podlogu. Iz rizoma se uz-dižu izdanci koji nose 4 do 8 listova u snopiću. Ima duguljasto i jednostavno lišće, u prosjeku dugo 30 do 80 cm, a široko oko 1 cm.
Neptune grass (Posidonia oceanica) is a sea-grass species with a creeping laid stem (rhi-zome), which is attached to the base by small roots. Out of the rhizome rise shoots carry-ing bundles of four to eight leaves. Neptune grass has elongated and simple leaves, on av-erage 30 to 80 cm long, and approximately 1 cm wide.
Livade oceanskog porosta „tvornice“ su kisika i „spremnici“ bioraznolikosti. U njima se mnoge vrste hrane, razmnoža-vaju i nalaze zaklon. Svojim ispreplete-nim položenim stabljikama (rizomima) i uspravnim izdancima smanjuju odno-šenje sedimenta djelovanjem morskih struja; važne su i za kruženje hranjivih soli u moru. Livade oceanskog porosta vrijedan su ekosustav Sredozemlja, a tako i Jadrana, koji moramo sačuvati.
Neptune grass meadows are “oxygen factories” and “storage” of biodiversity. Many species feed, reproduce and find shelter in them. With their interwoven, laid stems (rhizomes) and vertical shoots, they decrease the depletion of sediment due to sea currents, and are also important for sediment nutrient cycling in the sea. Neptune grass meadows are a valuable ecosystem of the Mediterranean, and also of the Adriatic, which we must preserve.
Živi samo u Sredozemnom moru (endemska vrsta). Gradi morske livade koje se protežu na sedimentnim dnima, a može se naći i u pukotinama stijena u kojima se istaložilo do-voljno sedimenta. Nastanjuje područja s vi-sokom prozirnošću mora, tj. do dubine do koje dopire Sunčeva svjetlost. U sjevernom Jadranu, gdje je manja prozirnost vodenog stupca, livade sežu najviše do 20 m dubine, a u Južnom Jadranu i do oko 50 m. Poput kopnenih biljaka, oceanski porost gubi lišće i obnavlja ga svake godine. Ipak vegeta-cijsko razdoblje nešto je drugačije za razliku od kopnenih biljaka: rast se zbiva početkom zime tako da je lišće u kasno ljeto staro i pre-kriveno epifitima, tj. organizmima koji žive na njegovim listovima. Krajem ljeta te počet-kom jeseni, odbačeno lišće akumulira se na obali.
Neptune grass lives only in the Mediterra-nean Sea (it is an endemic species). The plant grows in sea meadows spreading in soft bottom, and it can also be found in rock cracks with sufficient deposited sediment. The plant is inhabiting areas with high sea transparency, i.e. up to the depth penetrated by sunlight. In the northern Adriatic, where transparency of the water column is lower, meadows can reach maximum depth of up to twenty meters. In the southern Adriatic, meadows may reach depths of as many as fifty meters.Like land plants, Neptune grass is shedding leaves and growing them again every year. However, the vegetation season is somewhat different compared to land plants: the growth occurs at the beginning of winter, which means that by late summer the leaves are old and covered by epiphytes – organisms living on plant leaves. Towards the end of summer and the beginning of autumn, the discarded leaves accumulate along the coast.
Oceanski porost se najvećim dijelom razmnožava nespolno – otkinutim dijelovima položene stablji-ke (rizom). Rjeđe se razmnožava spolno – cvjeta-njem. Biljka cvjeta u kasnu jesen i početkom zime, no ne svake godine. Plodovi oblikom i bojom pod-sjećaju na plodove masline. Kada dozriju, ispluta-ju na morsku površinu, pa ih tako vjetar i morske struje mogu raznijeti. U svakom je plodu jedna sje-menka, koja nakon raspucavanja usplođa tone na morsko dno i zakorjenjuje se. Odatle će potencijal-no izniknuti mlada biljka.
Neptune grass is reproducing asexually in most cas-es – via detached roots of the laid rhizome. Sexual reproduction by flowering is a comparatively rare occurrence. The plant is flowering in late autumn and in the beginning of winter, but not every year. The shape of plant fruits is similar to the shape of olives. When they ripen, they float onto the sea surface, and can thus be carried by wind and sea currents. Every fruit contains one seed, which sinks to the sea bottom after the cracking of the outer layer and grows roots. A potential new plant can potentially sprout from there.
Raste u području gdje je pritisak ljudskih aktivnosti izrazito velik. Sidrenje plovila u oceanskom porostu znatno oštećuje mrežu položenih stabljika (rizoma), koja tada postaje podložna razaranju valova. Osim toga ugrožavaju ga strane invazivne vrste (poput ze-lenih algi roda Caulerpa), onečišćenje otpadnim voda-ma, gradnja i nasipanje u more iznad njegovih naselja, uzgajališta riba i školjkaša, marine, lučice, neki ribo-lovni alati. Zbog važnosti livada ove morske cvjetnice te osjetljivosti i ugroženosti koja im prijeti, oceanski porost je u Hrvatskoj strogo zaštićen Zakonom o zaštiti prirode.
Neptune grass grows in areas where the pressure of hu-man activities is extraordinarily high. Anchoring of vessels in Neptune grass communities causes significant dama-ge to the laid stem (rhizome) network, which becomes subject to destruction by waves. In addition, the danger is also posed by invasive alien species (such as seaweed of the genus Caulerpa), wastewater pollution, and con-struction and land reclamation in the vicinity of Neptune grass communities. These communities are also endan-gered by fish and shell cultivation facilities, marinas, little ports, and some fishing tools. Due to the importance of Neptune grass meadows, their sensitivity and the dan-ger they face, Neptune grass is strictly protected in Croa-tia by the Law on Nature Protection.
Na pješčanim i šljunčanim obalama često se mogu naći naplavine organskog podrijetla, poput ostataka morskih cvjetnica i raznih alga. U uvali Sakarun do-miniraju naslage odbačenog lišća oceanskog porosta. One su vrlo važne jer pridonose ukupnoj količini organske tvari na samom staništu. Zbog izrazitog kolebanja ekoloških uvjeta te pritiska ljudskog djelovanja, ta su staništa iznimno osjetljiva. Karakteristične vrste koje se hrane organskim de-tritusom koji nastaje raspadanjem lišća morske vegetacije su neki račići (npr. Lekanesphaera sardoa, Sphaeroma serratum, Echinogammarus olivii, Talitrus saltator i Orchestia gammarellus), sitni mnogočetonaši (npr. rod Ophelia), sit-ni kukci roda Bledius, kornjaš hitra (Cicindela sp.) i dr.
Deposits of organic origin can frequently be encountered on sandy and pebble coast, such as remains of seagrass and various algae. The dominant deposits in Sakarun Bay consist of discarded Neptune grass leaves. These deposits are very important, because they contribute to the total quantity of organic sub-stance in the habitat itself. Due to extraordinary oscillations of ecological conditions, and due to the pre-ssure of human activities, these habitats are extremely sensitive. Characte-ristic species feeding on organic detritus resulting from the disintegration of sea vegetation leaves include some species of crustacea (e.g. Lekanesphaera sardoa, Sphaeroma serratum, Echinogammarus olivii, Talitrus saltator and Or-chestia gammarellus), small polychaetes (e.g. genus Ophelia), small insects of the genus Bledius, species of beetle (Cicindela sp.), etc.
Pojedini listovi oceanskog porosta mogu biti duži od 1 m.Individual Neptune grass leaves can exceed 1 m in width.
Jedino još u morima oko Australije žive dvije srodne vrste.Two species related to Neptune grass exist only in the sea around Australia.
U livadama oceanskog porosta živi više od 20% poznatih morskih vrsta Sredozemnog mora.Over 20% of known maritime species of the Mediterranean live in Neptune grass meadows.
Zbog sporog rasta, neki primjerci oceanskog po-rosta mogu biti stari i preko 1000 godina, a to ga čini jednim od najdugovječnijih organizama Sredozemlja.Due to their slow growth, some Neptune grass specimens can live over 1000 years! That makes Neptune grass one of the most long-lived organ-isms of the Mediterranean.
KAKO IZGLEDA? HOW DOES IT LOOK?
ZAŠTO JE VAŽAN? WHY IS IT IMPORTANT?
GDJE I KADA RASTE? WHERE AND WHEN IT GROWS?
KAKO SE RAZMNOŽAVA? HOW DOES IT REPRODUCE?
ZAŠTO JE UGROŽEN? WHY IS IT ENDANGERED?
JESTE LI ZNALI? DID YOU KNOW?
JESTE LI ZNALI? DID YOU KNOW? JESTE LI ZNALI? DID YOU KNOW?
JESTE LI ZNALI? DID YOU KNOW?
Prirodna obnova oštećenih livada oceanskog po-rosta traje više desetaka godina.Natural repair of damaged Neptune grass meadows takes several decades.
JESTE LI ZNALI? DID YOU KNOW?
Naslage lišća oceanskog porosta naplavljene na obalu Layers of Neptune grass leaves deposited on the coast
Priprema i tekst: Državni zavod za zaštitu prirode Grafičko oblikovanje: Kudos Studio d.o.o.
Rizom i listovi oceanskog porosta Neptune grass rhizome and leaves
Cvijet oceanskog porosta Neptune grass flower
Raspucani plodovi i sjemenke oceanskog porosta Cracked Neptune grass fruits and seeds
Klijanac oceanskog porosta Neptune grass shoot
Uništena livada oceanskog porosta - posljedica sidrenjaDestroyed Neptune grass meadow – a consequence of anchoring
Naslage na listovima oceanskog porosta uslijed onečišćenjaDeposits on Neptune grass leaves caused by pollution
U prošlosti, naročito na obali i otocima, suhi oceanski porost, tzv. „lažina“, koristila se za punjenje madraca i sl. In the past, in particular on the coast and the islands, dry Neptune grass, the so-called “lažina”, was used as a filling for mattresses, and for similar purposes.
JESTE LI ZNALI? DID YOU KNOW?
Nemojte sidriti u livadama posidonije!Do not anchor in Neptune grass meadows!
Sidrite samo na trajnim dopuštenim sidrištima („mrtvi vezovi“)!Anchor only in permanently allowed anchorages (“corpomorto”)!
Nemojte upotrebljavati ribolovne alate koji mogu oštetiti / uništavati naselje posidonije!Do not use fishing tools that might damage/destroy Neptune grass communities!
Nemojte graditi i nasipavati u more iznad livada posidonije i u njihovoj blizini!Do not light a fire on the beach – it is dangerous not only for humans, but also for plants and animals!
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: KPD
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: A. Ž
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: T. B
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Livada oceanskog porosta Neptune grass meadows
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: Udr
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Lišće u kasno ljeto stari i prekriveno je epifitima Late-summer leaves getting older and covered by epiphytes
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: Arh
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