Occupational Stress Ocpd
-
Upload
bakaipkkedah -
Category
Documents
-
view
121 -
download
4
Transcript of Occupational Stress Ocpd
OCCUPATIONAL STRESS
Mary Yong Meng YoongSupt Kaunseling
Bahagian Agama dan Kaunseling (BAKA)
What is STRESS?
Physical / Psychological response to a stimulus
A mismatch between PERCEIVED
DEMANDS and PERCEIVED ABILITY
to cope
Is Stress GOOD or BAD?
EUSTRESS (Good Stress) - Stress that you
can manage
DISTRESS (Bad Stress) – Severe and Persistent stress resulting in psychological / physiological strain
What is Organisational Stress?
Interaction of work conditions with characteristics of the worker such that the demands of work exceed the ability of the worker to cope with them
Work setting variables that influence occupational stress
Role Characteristics
Role Characteristics
• Role Ambiguity
• Role Overload
• Role Underload
• Role Conflict
Work setting variables that influence occupational stress
Role CharacteristicsRole Characteristics Job CharacteristicsJob Characteristics
Work Pace
Repetition of Work
Shift Work
Task Attributies
Job Characteristics
Work setting variables Work setting variables that influence that influence occupational stressoccupational stress
Role CharacteristicsRole CharacteristicsJob CharacteristicsJob CharacteristicsInterpersonal Work Interpersonal Work
RelationshipRelationship
Interpersonal work relationship
With Co-workers
With Supervisors
With Clients / customers
Work setting variables Work setting variables that influence that influence occupational stressoccupational stressRole Characteristics
Job Characteristics
Interpersonal Work RelationshipInterpersonal Work Relationship
Organisational structure and climate
Organisational structure and climate
Organisational Structure
Position / Level within an organisation
Organisational Territory
Work setting variables that influence occupational stress
Role Characteristics
Job CharacteristicsJob Characteristics Interpersonal Work Relationship Organisational structure and climate Human resource management practices
Human resource management practices Entering the work place
Lacking training
Building and maintaining a career
Performance Feedback
Rewards
Job future ambiguity and insecurity
Job / Career Transitions
INTERVENTIONS
Classes Intervention Strategy
Avoiding stressors through life adjustments or adjusting demand levels
Altering stress-inducing
behaviour patterns
Developing coping resources
Family / work balance
Career planning
Type A Behaviour pattern
Social support
Time management
Family / work balance
Life events Score Life events Score
Death of partner 100 Child leaves home 29Divorce 73 Trouble with in-laws 29Separation from partner 65 Outstanding personalJail sentence 63 achievement 28Death of a close family 63 Partner begins or stop work 26member Child begins or ends school 26Injury or illness to yourself 53 Change in living conditions 25Marriage – your own 50 Change of personal habits 24Given the sack at work 47 Trouble with boss or employer 23Reconciliation with Change in working hours andpartner 45 conditions 20Retirement 45 Change in residence 20Ill health in member of family 44 Child changes schools 20Pregnancy – your own 40 Change in recreation 19Sexual problems/difficulties 39 Change in church activities 19Addition of new family Change in social activities 18member 39 Take on a small mortgage or loan 17Major business or work Change in sleeping habits 16changes 39 Change in number of familyChange in your financial state 38 get – togethers 15Death of a friend 37 Change in eating habits 15Change to a different type Holiday 13of work 36 Christmas (coming soon) 12More arguments with partner 35 Minor violations of the law 11Take on a large mortgage 31Mortgage or loan foreclosed 30Change in responsibilitiesat work 29
* Holmes and Rahe’s Life Change Index, Journal of Psychomatic Research, 1967 vol.II
Classes Intervention Strategy
Avoiding stressors through life adjustments or adjusting demand levels
Altering stress-inducing
behaviour patterns
Developing coping resources
Family / work balance
Career planning
Type A Behaviour pattern
Social support
Time management
TYPE A BEHAVIOUR-A never-ending struggle to accomplish, produce, get more things done than the time permits, impatience, irritability, anger
- Suffer from a hidden lack of self esteem insecurity
Self-esteem + insecurity struggle with TIME
-Sees the darker side of other people – suspicious, distrust
-Free floating hostility – almost everything is not appropriate in the environment
CHARACTERISTICS OF TYPE A BEHAVIOUR
Agitated Poor listeners
Hasty Over competitive
Perfectionist Over ambitious
Impatient Hurried
TIPS FOR MANAGING TYPE A BEHAVIOUR
1.Review your success
2.Believe in your ability to change
3.Self appraisal
4.Retrieve your total personality
Classes Intervention Strategy
Avoiding stressors through life adjustments or adjusting demand levels
Altering stress-inducing
behaviour patterns
Developing coping resources
Family / work balance
Career planning
Type A Behaviour pattern
Social support
Time management
Classes Intervention Strategy
Monitoring stressors and
symptoms
Marshalling resources and
attacking stressors
Tolerating unavoidable
stressors
Lowering stressful arousal
Stress diary
Muscle monitoring
Tension thermometer
Social skills training
Assertive training
Problem solving skills
Cognitive restructuring
Stress inoculation training
Deep breathing EFT
Meditation Hypnosis
Yoga Biofeedback
Physical exercise Massage
COGNITIVE RESTRUCTURING
Irrational beliefs (self defeating ) Belief System
Over reacting / under reacting to the stressors
AIM – Help individual cope with the stress by changing their belief or cognitions
Help client see that it is his thoughts and beliefs that mediate the response
Objective – Tolerate the stressor by replacing negative feelings with neutral or less negative ones
A-B-C MODEL ( REBT)
A = Activitating event (Divorce)
B = Belief (Failure as a spouse )
C = Emotional and Behaviourial consequence (Depression)
D = Disputing Intervention ( Counselling to change irrational beliefs)
E = Effect (Replacing unhealthy thoughts with healthy ones)
F = New Feeling
Classes Intervention Strategy
Monitoring stressors and
symptoms
Marshalling resources and
attacking stressors
Tolerating unavoidable
stressors
Lowering stressful arousal
Stress diary
Muscle monitoring
Tension thermometer
Social skills training
Assertive training
Problem solving skills
Cognitive restructuring
Stress inoculation training
Deep breathing EFT
Meditation Hypnosis
Yoga Biofeedback
Physical exercise Massage
EMOTIONAL FREEDOM TECHNIQUE (EFT)
Bermula pada tahun 1970s – oleh psychologis Dr Roger Callahan yang menggabungkan teori quantum, kinesiologi dan accupressure untuk membantu klien yang mempunyai isu phobias dan traumatic stress disorders.
Beliau menggunakan kaedah ‘tapping’ pada median tertentu.
Ia juga dikenali sebagai Thought Field Therapy (TFT).
Gary Craig, sebagai pelajar Dr Callahan. Memudahkan proses ini dan menamakan tekniknya sebagai Emotional Freedom Techniques, or EFT.
Apakah EFT?
“The cause of all negative emotions is a disruption in the body’s energy system”
EFT bermula pada asas tenaga dalam badan yang dikaitkan dengan ‘meridian’ atau dipanggil ‘energy circuts’ yang terus berhubung dengan tubuh fizikal serta emosi.
Dengan mengenalpasti median tertentu, ia memudahkan perjalanan ‘tenaga’ dalam badan.
Apakah EFT?
Apabila berlaku ketidakseimbangan
tenaga di dalam tubuh, maka ia akan
menyebabkan terwujud gangguan emosi yang mengganggu fikiran.
‘Energy’ dalam tubuh perlu diseimbangkan
dan teknik EFT ini dapat membantu.
KEGUNAAN EFT
EFT digunakan untuk menangani isu-isu seperti:-
• Trauma & Stress• Kemurungan• Phobia• Sakit-sakit kepala / badan• Kegemukkan• Kekecewaan• Sukar untuk tidur• Keresahan• Tabiat tertentu seperti merokok,
OCD……………….dan banyak lagi.
Memahami EFT
Raja Kamariah Raja Hj Mohd KhalidCertified Psycho Spiritual Hypnotherapist
Member of Malaysian Society of Complimentary Therapist(A 1139 Hypnotherapy)
Member of Malaysian Board of Hypnosis and Hypnotherapy
1. NYATAKAN ISU.2. SKALA.• Nyatakan skala ‘beban’ isu yg ditanggung
(terendah) 1---2---3---4---5---6---7---8---9---10 (tertinggi) • Contoh: sakit kepala sekarang pada
skala 9
Resepi EFT
3. AFFIRMATION STATEMENT
EVEN THOUGH I AM STRESS OUT, I TRULY AND
COMPLETELY ACCEPT MYSELF
1
Tap on the white spots 7 times while saying the affirmation statement
3
2
4
51 Karate chop
2 Thumb
3 Forefinger
4 Middle Finger
5 Little finger
7
2
3
4
5
6
1
8
1 Soft spot - Rub the Sore Spot (where you’d pin a medal on your chest)
2 Inner end of brow
3 Outer end of eye
4 Below eye
5 Philtrum
6 Middle of lower lip
7 1” below collarbone
8 4” below armpit
4. RASAI PERUBAHAN PERASAAN.• Nyatakan baki skala ‘beban’ isu yg ditanggung
(terendah) 1---2---3---4---5---6---7---8---9---10 (tertinggi) • Contoh: sakit kepala sekarang pada skala 4
5. ULANGI TEKNIK EFT
Resepi EFT
Classes Intervention Strategy
Monitoring stressors and
symptoms
Marshalling resources and
attacking stressors
Tolerating unavoidable
stressors
Lowering stressful arousal
Stress diary
Muscle monitoring
Tension thermometer
Social skills training
Assertive training
Problem solving skills
Cognitive restructuring
Stress inoculation training
Deep breathing EFT
Meditation Hypnosis
Yoga Biofeedback
Physical exercise Massage
Hypnosis
Hypnosis is a relaxing, naturally occurring state of mind which happens to us every day. Each time we read a captivating novel, float off in a daydream or see an
engrossing movie we are in a natural state of hypnosis.
For thousands of years people have recognized the power of hypnosis to enhance learning, heal emotional scars, improve performance, change habits and speed the healing process. Science is only now beginning to understand the awesome power the unconscious mind wields. It wasn't until 1958 that the American Medical Association recognized hypnosis as a valid therapeutic tool. The medical field is also beginning to recognize the major role "psychological" factors play in illness and healing.
.
WHY IS CHANGE SOMETIMES DIFFICULT?
Why is change sometimes difficult? Because most habits, beliefs and attitudes are maintained and stored in the unconscious mind - and most people are trying to change consciously! Hypnosis is direct unconscious
communication. Your unconscious is the best learning machine that has ever existed. If instructed properly healthier, more productive patterns, ideas, beliefs,
attitudes and actions result. THE POWER OF HYPNOSIS
During hypnotism, direct communication with your unconscious mind can be established. In a hypnotic trance, if we are guided properly, our
minds and bodies are able to accept change much more readily. In hypnosis you are in control. The hypnotist is merely the guide who leads you through this comfortable, inspiring experience. The door is open to
the abilities and resources of the ultra-powerful unconscious mind.
Classes Intervention Strategy
Monitoring stressors and
symptoms
Marshalling resources and
attacking stressors
Tolerating unavoidable
stressors
Lowering stressful arousal
Stress diary
Muscle monitoring
Tension thermometer
Social skills training
Assertive training
Problem solving skills
Cognitive restructuring
Stress inoculation training
Deep breathing EFT
Meditation Hypnosis
Yoga Biofeedback
Physical exercise Massage
THE AAAbc’s OF STRESS MANAGEMENTKeeping the Fire Alive – Joe E. Dunlap and
J. Douglas StewartStress Management is a decision making process
• Alter it – removing the source of stress
• Avoid it – removing oneself from the stressful situation/how not to get there
• Accept it -building resistance-changing your perception
UJIAN STRES
Gambar-gambar berikut digunakan untuk menguji tahappengurusan stres
Lagi perlahan gambar bergerak, lagi tinggi tahappengurusan anda.
Gambar-gambar ini tidak animated – ia adalah statik.
STRESS AND POLICING
Hans Selye – Father of Stress (1978)
“ Police work ranks as one of the most hazardous occupations, even exceeding the formidable stresses and strains of air traffic control”
Somodeville (1978)
“A police officer is under stress and pressure unequalled by any other occupation”
Fennell (1981)
“Policing is the most dangerous job in the world emotionally”
END