Occupational Stress - MBA Project on Stress Management

7/23/2019 Occupational Stress - MBA Project on Stress Management

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AN ANALYTICAL STUDY OF OCCUPATIONAL STRESS LEVEL

AMONG THE DRIVERS OF TOWN AND MOFUSSIL SERVICE; A

COMPARATIVE INSIGHT; IN TAMILNADU STATE TRANSPORT

CORPORATION (TIRUNELVELI)LTD: NAGERCOIL REGION,

By

ABISH RAGHUL GANESH R L

(Re!N"!#$%&'&''&)

A PRO*ECT REPORT

S+-.//e0 /" /1e

FACULTY OF MANAGEMENT STUDIES

I2 345/.46 7+67.66-e2/ "7 /1e 5e8+.5e-e2/9

F"5 /1e 4450 "7 /1e 0e5ee

"7

MASTER OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION

IN

HUMAN RESOURCE

ANNA UNIVERSITY

CHENNAI 600025

JUNE -2012

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ABSTRACT

This study concentrates on the stress level among the drivers of town and mofussil service, a

comparative insight; In Tamil Nadu State Transport Corporation (Tirunelveli)Limited Nagercoil region,

(TNSTC)

The analysis is made with primary o!"ective, to assess the level of stress among the drivers of

town and mofussil service in (TNSTC) Nagercoil region, #anithootam (I$II) The secondary o!"ective of

the study is to find the factor causing stress among drivers, study a!out the %inds of stress among drivers,

to ma%e a comparison of the stress levels !etween the drivers of town and mofussil service, and to

identify the copping strategy to reduce stress

The study is !ased on primary and secondary source of data Self design pre tested &uestionnaire

has !een used as a tool for data collection The schedule method was underta%en The interview was

conducted in Tamil the sample unit of this research is #anithootam (I$II) which includes town and

mofussil service, the sample si'e of this study is * of drivers in (TNSTC) Nagercoil region,

#anithootam (I$II) the period of the study is from +ecem!er -- to .arch -

The tools and methods used to analy'ing were Chi/ s&uare test, Spearman0s #an% Correlation,

1eighted average method, .an whiteny 2 tests

The findings of the study are town and mofussil are highly dissatisfied with safety e&uipment

facility in the !us .ost of the drivers are suffer due to traffic Their wor% hours are more than -3 hours

per duty .ost of the drivers suffer to drive safely according to the schedule provided No special facilities

for older drivers and for drivers with health pro!lems +rivers highly suffer from head light of opposite

vehicle

Town service drivers are suffering to drive old !uses without proper maintained .ost of the

Town service drivers feel negative stress #esearcher found that town service drivers are facing more

stress than mofussil service

The suggestions is management should apply new schedule, happy wor%ers are productive

wor%ers, so the management should provide recreation facilities li%e gym facility, yoga facility, and

rela4ation facility

I hope the findings and suggestions will !e helpful to reduce the stress of the drivers

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CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

&:&: INTRODUCTION ABOUT TOPIC

5rgani'ational life is &uite stressful 1or% pressures, tight schedules, meetings that never

seem to end on time, unhelpful colleagues, critical !osses, incompetent su!ordinates and a host

of other irritating factors may all have a cumulative effect in ma%ing the lives of modern/day

e4ecutives &uite misera!le 6s we all %now, stress is the !ody0s reaction to any demand made on

it 7erception of events, whether positive or negative, activates stress It is, therefore, a highly

individual affair 1hat is stressful to 890 may not !e so to another :ut it is fairly easy to

conclude that everyone lives under a certain amount of stress In fact, the only people without

stress are dead 6t the same time, it is certainly wrong to conclude that stress is always !ad

.ild stress may improve productivity It may force people to focus more sharply on the pro!lem

and produce solutions owever, if stress is severe and persists for long periods, it can !e

harmful Stress can !e disruptive to an individual as any accident It can lead to poor

performance on the "o!, e4cessive use of alcohol or other drugs, poor attendance or even overall

poor health In fact, there is growing evidence that undue stress is related to the diseases that arema"or causes of death/coronary heart disease, stro%e, hypertension, dia!etes, cancer, cirrhosis

and suicide

Stress may !e understood as a state of tension e4perienced !y individuals facing

e4traordinary demands, constraints or opportunities The pressures of modern life, coupled with

the demands of a "o!, can lead to emotional im!alances that that are collectively la!eled 8stress0

of achievement and the e4citement of a challenge Stress is the spice of life and the a!sence of

stress ma%es life dull, monotonous and spiritless There is, in fact, growing evidence that peopleneed a certain amount of stimulation and that monotony can !ring on some of the same pro!lems

as over/wor% The term 8stress0 normally refers to e4cessive stress caused !y e4traordinary

demands (which cause us to lose something we desire), constraints (things that %eep us from

doing what we desire) or opportunities

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TWO FACES OF STRESS

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>or e4ample?

2ncertainty can lead to distress, !ut so can certainty or over control

7ressure can produce distress, !ut so is lac% of contact or lim!o

#esponsi!ility can lead to distress, !ut so can lac% of responsi!ility or insignificance

7erformance evaluation can lead to distress, !ut so can lac% of feed!ac% regarding your effort

#ole am!iguity can lead to distress, !ut so can "o! descriptions that constrain individuality

>or these and other factors, the important %ey is to find out an appropriate amount of stress for

the organi'ation in general and for each individual in particular

N4/+5e "7 S/5e99

6s pointed out previously, stress is a state of tension e4perienced !y individuals facing

e4traordinary demands, constraints or opportunities Stress can !e either positive or negative

>or e4ample, some new wor% situations can !ring us positive challenges and e4citement 8while

we must constantly face stress/producing situations 1e cannot avoid them all, and we cannot

fight them all >or the most part, we choose to go along with them The am!iguous !oss, the

preferred opportunities, the multifarious relationships, increased mo!ility, heavy traffic, the e4tra

"o!, ris%y investments/in general, @life in the fast laneA/ which most of us e4perience, can !e

viewed as a series of stress/producing situations Conse&uently, each of us faces in a wee% more

of these stressors than our parents faced in a lifetime Instead of arising and su!siding, stress

stays with us and !uilds up Stress is additive as it persists and grows, we !egin to e4hi!it a wide

variety of symptoms and effects which, for the most part, are dysfunctional and which, for some,

are crippling or even fatal

Individuals can have a variety of reactions to "o! stress They can react emotionally !y

feeling frustrated or an4ious, happy or e4cited, !ored or depressed They may e4perience mental

!loc%s, !e hypersensitive to criticism or have trou!le concentrating 7eople can respond to stress

!ehaviorally; they may eat more, drin% more, lose their appetites; or stop going out socially and

mi4 with people freely 7eople can also respond to stress psychologically, as e4plained !y ans

Selye in his famous !oo%, The Stress of Life, -B

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T1e Ge2e546 A043/4/."2 Sy205"-e

Selve considered stress a non/specific response to any demand made upon an organism

e called the three phases of the defense reaction that a person esta!lish when stressed as the

Deneral 6daptation Syndrome (D6S) Selve called the defense reaction, general !ecause

stressors had effects on several parts of the !ody; adaptation refers to a stimulation of defenses

intended to help the !ody ad"ust to or deal with the stressors, and syndrome shows that individual

pieces of the reaction ta%e place more or less together The three distinct phases are %nown as?

alarm, resistance and e4haustion

The alarm stage is the initial mo!ili'ation !y which the !ody meets the challenge posed

!y the stressor 1hen a stressor is identified, the !rain sends forth !iochemical messages to all

of the !ody0s systems #espiration increases, !lood pressure raises, pupils dilate, muscles tense

up and so forth

If the stressor continues, the D6S proceeds to the resistance stage The signs of

resistance stage include tension, an4iety and fatigue The person is now fighting the stressor

1hile resistances to a specific stressor may !e high during this period, resistance to other

stressors may !e low 6 person has only finite sources of energy, concentration, and a!ility to

resist stressors Individuals are often more illness/prone during periods of stress than at other

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SYMPTOMS OF STRESS

There are a num!er of !iological, psychological and !ehavioural changes, which can !e

symptomatic of individual stress

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S"+5ATIONAL FACTORS

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Intra sender conflict occurs when one persons as%s you to accomplish two o!"ectives that

are in apparent conflict If your !oss as%s you to hurry up and finish your wor% !ut also decrease

your pay for your mista%es, you would e4perience this type of conflict

Inter sender conflict occurs when two or more senders give you incompati!le directions Four

!oss may want you to complete a crash pro"ect on time, !ut company policy temporarily

prohi!its authori'ing overtime payments to clerical assistance

Inter role conflict results when two different roles you play are in conflict Four company may

want you to travel percent of the time, while your spouse threatens a divorce if you travel

more than percent of the time

7erson/role conflict occurs when the role that your organi'ation e4pects you to occupy are in

conflict with your !asis values Four company may as% you to fire su!standard performers, !ut

this could !e in conflict with your humanistic values

R"6e 4-.+./y

#ole am!iguity occurs when position holders are uncertain a!out limits of their

authority and that of others, company rules, "o! security and the methods used to evaluate their

wor% #esearch studies have indicated that the more am!iguity a person reported, the lower the

person0s utili'ation of intellectual s%ills, %nowledge and leadership s%ills It was also found that

role am!iguity was significantly related to low "o! satisfaction and to feelings of "o! related

threats to mental physical well !eing

R"6e "=e56"40

Imagine for a moment a!out an e4ecutive who is attempting to dictate a letter,

tal% on three phones, conducting an interview and writing s report all the same time There is no

use trying to do too much in too little time Constant interruptions, changing hats every five

minutes, a constant stream of visitors, a mountain of files and papers to process and a num!er of

su!ordinates loo%ing up to his volu!le advice and guidance/all increase the &uantitative and

&ualitative overload 7ersons who e4perience such conditions show clear signs of stress and

report health pro!lem

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6t the other e4treme, having nothing to do or !eing as%ed to do too little in one0s

wor% can also is &uite stressful Sales people in a store with no customers, standing around all

day with nothing to do could said to e4perience role underload 6ssem!ly line wor%ers also

generally e4perience role under load #arely do they perform more than one or two tas%s day

after day Ironically, role underload can lead to many of the same pro!lems as role overload; low

self/esteem, increased fre&uency of nervous symptoms and complaints, increased health

pro!lems 5ne of the most unfortunate outcomes of role underload is passivity 1or%ers with

role underload report that they feel !oth physically and psychologically weary; even when they

are not at wor%, they do not show much interest in social activity or physical e4ercise Two

factors succinctly e4plain the relationship !etween underload and stress .ost persons wish to

feel useful and needed Thus, when they find that they are doing very little and achieving ne4t to

nothing in their "o!s, their self/esteem may !e threatened Secondly, people want stimulation

They do not li%e the idea of staring !lan%ly into space all the time They prefer to interact with

the wor% around them and something worthwhile No wonder, "o!s that demand too little can !e

unpleasant, !oring and stressful

I2/e53e59"246 5e64/."291.3

6nother source of stress in organi'ations is poor interpersonal relationship with others, !e

they supervisors, cowor%ers, su!ordinates or clients 1hen interpersonal relationship at wor% is

not pleasant, employees develop a generali'ed an4iety, a feeling of fear a!out upcoming meeting

and interactions Three aspects of interpersonal relationship at wor%, in particular, have a

negative influence on "o! stress? amount of contact with people in other department and

organi'ational climate

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communication efforts differently >or sample, there is nothing more stressful than finding that

you have arrived at an appointment with your !oss at the wrong time Fou misunderstood the

appointed time, your !oss is upset and you are edgy

Re93"29..6./y

6ny type of responsi!ility can !e !urdensome for some people +ifferent types of

responsi!ility function differently as stressors 5ne way of classifying this varia!le is in terms of

responsi!ility for people versus responsi!ility for things The more responsi!ility for people

reported, according to one research study, the more li%ely the person was to smo%e heavily, have

high !lood pressure and show higher cholesterol levels 5n the contrary, the more responsi!ility

for things the employee reported, the lower these indicators were

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little time helping each other with pro!lems Li%ewise, if employees are not encouraged to

participate actively in organi'ational activities, stressful situations may develop riedman and #ose man have identified several personality characteristics

of people who are most prone to stress Such people, called as Type 6 personalities, gravitate

toward occupations that encourage heavy wor% They are fre&uently found to !e heavy smo%ers

They are am!itious, hard driving and set tough targets for themselves They are willing to

oppose others to get what they want They ta%e on increasing amounts of wor% and world at

incredi!le speed on order to meet deadlines They are fiercely competitive and would li%e to win

all the time

Type :0s, on the other hand, wor% at a steadier pace They do not wor% against the cloc%

They set reasona!le targets for themselves and do not feel the pressure They are li%ely to 8let

things roll off their !ac%s0 rather than fight every issue Some of the typical characteristics of

Type : personalities may !e stated thus?

The type 6 could !e compared to a racehorse and the : to a turtle Though the recent studies

&uestion the relationship !etween type 6 !ehavior pattern and stress, it has !een generally agreed

that type 60 s are more prone to stress than type :0s


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6 person0s !elief in locus of control is related to suscepti!ility to "o! stress 7eople with

an internal locus of control feel that their fate is pretty much under their control amily responsi!ilities sometimes clash with organi'ational

demands 7eople e4perience role conflicts !ecause wor% and family pace overlapping demand

upon their limited time


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T.-e -424e-e2/

Ina!ility to manage time could create stressful situations on the "o! &uite fre&uently

2nfinished wor%, critical remar%s from !oss and colleagues, comments from su!ordinates in

hushed tones, misplaced papers, may all ma%e the life of an e4ecutive &uite misera!le

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:iofeed!ac% is another popular rela4ation techni&ue This techni&ue uses sophisticated

e&uipment to o!serve some of the internal !ody processes and to report this in o!serva!le ways

The e&uipment is used to measure s%in temperature, muscular tension, heart!eat and !lood

pressure This information is given to the person in the form of sounds, lights or wavy lines on a

graph 1hen you loo% at your !rain waves or !lood pressure, you can !egin to control them !y

o!serving the internal and e4ternal conditions that caused them to change 5nce you are aware

that your internal !ody responses are in a state of stress, you can !egin to ma%e ad"ustments !y

altering the environment your own frame if mind to reduce your an4iety, tension, stress levels etc

6n article pu!lished in the industan Times, dated G---BB3 catalogues other individual coping

strategies thus?

Heep a pet?

Say your prayers?

Sing aloud?

Laughter the eli4ir

Sleep right

:e good at loving

Spend time with children

Ta%e a wal%

.a%e friends


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To reduce uncertainly, each employee must !e sure of where he is heading for say, after

years within the same organi'ation 6 clear career path and the "o! rewards and !enefits that

follow committed service would go a long way in preventing or reducing stress levels greatly

C"-342y.0e 35"54--e59

6 variety of programmers can !e used to manage wor% stress These include

.anagement can help reduce stress in the wor% environment !y holding team meetings, using

proper management techni&ues, employing effective communication system, and reducing

uncertainty among employees

BURNOUT

6 phenomenon that is receiving great attention in recent times is the pro!lem of !urnout

Denerally spea%ing/ everyone is a potential candidate for !urnout owever, the most li%ely

candidate to face this serious pro!lem is the over/achiever In the words of aer!ert E

>reuden!erger, !urnout is state of fatigue or frustration !rought a!out !y devotion to a cause,

way of life or relationship that failed to produce the e4pected reward It may !e defined as the

total depletion of physical and mental resources caused !y e4cessive striving to reach an

unrealistic wor%/related goal In his !oo%, :urn 5ut, +r >reuden!erger poses a set of &uestions

designed to !e a self/test to help us find out if we are in danger of !urnout :urnout is fre&uently

associated with people whose "o!s demand close relationships with others under tension/filled

circumstances The dangerous part of !urnout is that it is contagious 6 highly cynical and

pessimistic !urnout victim can &uic%ly transform an entire group into !urnouts It is, therefore,

important to put out the fires early

&: COMPANY PROFILE

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INTRODUCTION

Hanya%umari is the southern part of India in Hanya%umari dist there are several villages

6nd in the olden days people travelled through !ull carts, horse and through wal% 1hen

Hanya%umari dist was under the control of Travancore/Cochin State

.r 7ioneer Humaraswamy was the first man who operates the !us in Hanya%umari +ist

with 3 seats conse&uently on the state reorgani'ation act Hanya%umari dist was merged with

.adras state government during Novem!er -B

ence, the services operated !y the Travancore state were ta%en over !y the .adras state

transport department 6t the time there were only two !ranches .adras !ranch and Hanya%umari

:ranch

In -B-, for the administrative convenience the .adras state transport was divided in to J

regions namely,

.adras region

Trichy region

Salem region

Hanya%umari region

6t this stage more or less all, the government of Tamil Nadu nationali'es the routes operated

!y the private companies in the Hanya%umari dist To avoid the accumulation of funds earned !y

the private companies and also for the administrative purpose the .adras state transport

department was divided in the a!ove J regions in -B-

>inally in conse&uence of the nationali'e of the !us services, the government of the Tamil

nadu decided to form Transport Corporation So the Dovernment set of t committee under the

chairmanship of .r C#7atta!i #aman

The committee recommended inter aria which the via!le si'e of corporation may !e G to

in fleet strength ie when the no of fleet strength e4ceeds a!out the corporation will !e

!ifurcated and it includes the infrastructure facilities wor%shop facilities etc

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6ccepting this recommendation of the committee the government of Tamil Nadu decided to

!ifurcate the %atta!omman transport corporation which had the fleet strength of more than in

to two namely

Hatta!omman transport corporation ltd 1ith Tirunelveli as head &uarter and Nesmony transport

corporation ltd with Nagercoil as head &uarter

6t the time there are-G state owned Transport Corporation 6ll over Tamil Nadu namely

7allavan Transport Corporation limited

Thiruvalluvar Corporation limited

7andian #oadway Corporation

Cholan Corporation limited

Cheran Transport Corporation limited

6nna Transport Corporation limited

Thanthai periyar transport corporation limited

.aruthupandian Transport Corporation limited

Hatta!omman Transport Corporation limited

Eeeva Transport Corporation limited

7attu%otai a'hgiri Transport Corporation limited

Tamil Nadu state transport corporation (.adurai division III) Nagercoil !ifurcated

from the nesamony transport corporation in the year -BB,

There are various services li%e

Town service

7oint to point service

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Kery fast service

>ast passenger service

Super fast etc

6t present the Tamil Nadu State Transport Corporation (Tirunelveli) Ltd, Nagercoil region,

(TNSTC) has -- !ranches name,

#anithootham I

#anthootham II

#anithottam III

Hanya%umari

Kiven%anandapurum

.onday .ar%et

Colachel

Thiruvattar

.arthandam

Hu'hithurai

Chetti%ulam

The ten !ranches are functioning effectively under the control of divisional manager and !ranch

managers

The wor%shop is controlled !y the wor% manager with the assistance of the officer The

following sections are functioning at the head office Nagercoil

Commercial section

7ersonal and administrative section

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6ccount section

Secretary section

Civil section

La!ours welfare Section

.edical section

Security Section

Legal section

.IS $


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Conductors -

Technical Staff G

Traffic Supervisor 3

Technical supervisor -

6dministrative staff officers and Contingency staff G

Total J-

M.99."2 "7 TNSTC:

The .ission of Tamil Nadu State Transport Corporation Ltd (TNSTC) is providing

corporation level for the common people

C43./46 I2=e9/-e2/ "7 TNSTC:

The entire capital of TNSTC limited is invested !y the Dovernment of Tamil Nadu The

total capital investment is #sJ3J corers

Se5=.


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.ofussil Services

TOWN SERVICES:

In this service the !uses are operated with in G Hms ie Inter district it include

7assenger cum goods service

Kery fast service

Circular Service

Limited Stop Services

Time Saving Services

There are a!out J3 scheduled town services which are provided !y the corporation

MOFUSSIL SERVICES:

This service the !uses are operated a!ove G Hms These services include,

Limited stop Service

Super Stop services

>ast passenger services

7oint to point services


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The Indian #oadways play a crucial role in connecting the different parts of India 5ver

the years independence there has !een an e4tensive development of the networ% of roads across

the length and !readth of India #oads networ% of India is the largest road networ%s (GG-J

million %ilometers) in the worlds India0s road networ% consists of national highways, state

highways, district roads and village roads National ighways are found all over the country

They are indispensa!le as far as communication !y roads is concerned National highways

connect states, states capitals, !it cities and ports National highways carry appro4imately J*

of the total traffic !ut they are only * of the entire road networ% 1here as state highways are

considered as the main roads of the state .a"or cities of the states and capital of the state are

connected !y state highways 1hile district roads are connecting with ma"or roads and village

roads Killage roads provide lin%age to other roads in order to meet their daily needs and access

to near!y mar%ets

HISTORY

#oadways in India have come a long way Starting from the pugs dandies (a small paths

created naturally due to fre&uent wal%s) of earlier times to the present/days #a"path of +elhi, the

country has crossed many spheres of road travel The thread that !inds the nation together is

truly a deserving metaphor for a road networ% that is one of the largest in the world

In the 6tharva Keda, we find references to road construction and information on

precautions to !e ta%en Hautilya0s 6rthasashtra mentioned a!out mechanism of roads for

chariots and stresses upon the traffic rules and road safety 1ith the development of culture and

trade, cities li%e Kaishali, Sravasti, #a"agriha, Huru%shetra, and 2""aini had roads to facilitate

socio/economic interminglings 2""aini capital of 6vantis, was an important trade center and

connected with northern trun% routes to modern :haruch, an important seaport

#oad also wor%ed as in roads to the development of civili'ations, and

provided human !eings a corridor of communication for venturing out to

never frontiers of achievements

PRESENT SCENARIO

Today, alternative modes of transportation are on the anvil Fet, amidst all this, road

transport is still the dominant mode of transportation/ !oth for moving goods and passengers

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India has a huge networ% of road comprising of national highways, state highways, ma"or district

roads and village and other roads

ere are the list e4isting roadways in India with their respective length at present?/

Total Length GGla%hs (6ppro4)

National highways BGJ %m

State highways -G-3BB %m

+istrict roads JG %m

Killage roads %m

IMPORTANCE

#oads are the vital lifelines of the economy ma%ing possi!le trade and

commerce #oad are most preferred modes of transportation and

considered as one of the cost effective modes of transportation #oad are easily accessi!le to

each individual #oads facilitate movement of !oth men and materials anywhere within a

country It helps in socio/economic development as well as !rings national integration It

provides lin%ages to other modes of transportation li%e railways, airways, and shipping, etc 6nefficient and well esta!lished net wor% of roads is desired for promoting trade and commerce in

any country and also fulfills needs of transportation system for sustained economic development

6n efficient and well esta!lished net wor% of roads is desired for promoting trade and commerce

in any country and also fulfills needs of transportation system for sustained economic

development #oad transport is contri!uting GB* to D+7 where as all transportation modes are

contri!uting a total of * to D+7

ROAD TRANSIT SYSTEMS INDIA

6ll the states in India have their own state road transport corporation This corporation

not only ta%es care of providing transit facility within their own state !ut also to the neigh!oring

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states This helps the pu!lic in transportation and gives them the choices to travel with

Travelling in different states of India is very easy, if you are aware a!out the transit facility !eing

offered !y different state road transport corporations or underta%ings or institutions authori'ed !y

the .inistry of transportation or !y the state government authorities


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Tamil Nadu state road transport

.aharastra state road transport

Doa state road transport

imachal 7radesh state road transport

Du"arat state road transport

#a"asthan state road transport

%erela state road transport

2ttar pradesh state road transport

Eammu %ashmir state road transport

7un"a! state road transport

+elhi state road transport

.i'oram state road transport

6runachal pradesh state road transport

SRTC OVERVIEW

Harnata%a state transport corporation

7u!lic transit facility in %arnata%a is provided !y different stategovernment authorities for

!etter facility to its passengers Thereare a!out four units providing pu!lic transit namely

:angalore metropolitan transport corporation (:.TC), North wertern %arnata%a road transport

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corporation (N1H#TC), North east Harnata%a state transport corporation (N


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state routes) covering a daily mileage of GGG3 %ilometers The 7#TC provides services not

only on intercity routes !ut also lin%s the remotes villages with the near!y towns and cities

&:: REVIEW OF LITERATURE

-The fre&uency of !us passengers accidents, performance of safe driving, "o! stressors,

stress reaction and recognition from others :ased on the results, a model assuming that stress

reaction caused !y "o! stressors distur!ed the !us drivers safe driving and was associated with

passengers accidents in the !us was verified to some degree


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suggested much room for intervention .oreover, the recognition from others of their "o! was

confirmed to act as a control factor of the stress reaction

6ccording to the schedule, providing service to passengers, and driving safely are

among the most important psychosocial demands of the !us drivers "o! !us drivers cope with

these varying and conflicting demands

G7sychological factors of !us drivers insta!ility that were related to !us passengers

accidents according to the hypothesis model !ased on the stress concept of La'arus and >ol%man

(-B3J)

J5ccupational stress adversely affects productivity, a!senteeism, and "o! turn/ over, and

contri!utes to health/related pro!lems The effects of organi'ational level and gender on the

specific sources of occupational stress assessed !y the Eo! Stress Survey (ESS) wor% stress was

more strongly related to concerns a!out their role in the power structure of an organi'ation,

whereas female employees reported e4periencing more severe stress when there was a conflict!etween "o! re&uirements and family relationships

+riving a !us in ur!an areas is considered to !e a highly stressful occupation, one which

also involves e4posure to air pollutants generated !y motor vehicles No cancer sites were found

to !e significantly elevated in the proportionate mortality analyses !y race These findings are

consistent with the growing !ody of literature lin%ing "o! strain with cardiovascular disease

among !us drivers

-) Fasuyu%i Famada, .oto%i .i'uno, @ :us drivers mental conditions and their relation to !us passengers accidents with a focus

on the psychological stressA Eournal of uman .ei"man, . 6 Hompier@2r!an !us drivers cope with time pressure, passengers, and traffic safetyAEournal of 5ccupational

ealth 7sychology (-BB3) Kolume? G, Issue? , 7ages? -B/--

G) La'arus and >ol%man (-B3J)

J) :irgit 6ust, #ichard 7eter, Eohannes Siegrist@Stress .anagement in :us +riversA International Eournal of Stress .anagement

(-BB) Kolume? J, Issue? J, 7u!lisher? Springer, 7ages? B/G

) K #afnsson, DunnarsdOttir @.ortality among ur!an !us driversA International Eournal of


31/100

36ccording to Stephen 7 #o!!insP, stress related headaches are the leading cause of loss

of wor% time in 2 S industry

BCooper and .arshallP visuali'e stress as characteristics of !oth the focal individual and

his environment They designate the internal and e4ternal concoctive forces as 8pressures0 or

8stressors0 and the resulting stal% of the organism on stress

-Individuals can have a variety of reactions to "o! stress They can react emotionally !y

feeling frustrated or an4ious, happy or e4cited, !ored or depressed They may e4perience mental

!loc%s, !e hypersensitive to criticism or have trou!le concentrating 7eople can respond to stress

!ehaviorally; they may eat more, drin% more, lose their appetites; or stop going out socially and

mi4 with people freely 7eople can also respond to stress psychologically,

) Eamal . @Eo! stress/prone Type 6 !ehavior, personal and organi'ational Conse&uencesA, Canadian Eournal

6dministration Sciences, -B3 pp G/J

$) :rief 6 7 and E . 6tieh, @Studying "o! stress? 6re we ma%ing mountains out of molehillsQA Eournal of

occupational !ehavior, -B3 pp--/

%) Stephen #o!!ins, @5rgani'ational :ehaviorA, 7rentice all, 2H, -B3B pp JBB/-

#) Cooper C L and .arshall E, @2nderstanding


32/100

!& TITLE OF THE STUDY

The Title of the pro"ect is @6n analytical study of occupational stress level among thedrivers of town and mofussil service; a comparative insight; In Tamil Nadu State Transport

Corporation(Tirunelveli)Ltd, Nagercoil region, (TNSTC)A

! SCOPE OF THE STUDY

The scope of the study is has !een limited to the drivers wor%ing in town service and

mofussil service in Tamil Nadu State Transport Corporation(Tirunelveli)Ltd, Nagercoil region,

(TNSTC) #anithootam (I$II)A

! HYPOTHESIS OF THE STUDY

o? There is no signification difference !etween the stress levels of drivers in Town service and

mofussil service

-? There is signification difference !etween the stress levels of drivers in Town service and

mofussil service.

! OB*ECTIVES OF THE STUDY

P5.-45y "e


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To study a!out the %inds of stress among drivers

To ma%e a comparison of the stress levels !etween the drivers of town and mofussil

service

To identify the copping strategy to reduce stress

! SAMPLING TECHNIUE

The sampling techni&ue of this study is non pro!a!ility sampling since Convenience

sampling is used to collect data

! SAMPLE UNIT

The sample unit of this research is drivers in Tamil Nadu State Transport Corporation

(Tirunelveli) Ltd, Nagercoil region, (TNSTC) #anithootam (I$II)A which includes town and

mofussil service

!$ SAMPLE SI>E

The sample si'e of this study is * of drivers in Tamil Nadu State Transport

Corporation(Tirunelveli)Ltd, Nagercoil region, (TNSTC) #anithootam (I$II)A

B542


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R42./1""/4- I

(.ofussil service)

-

R42./1""/4- II

(Town service)

3 -J

T"/46 J3 J

!% DATA COLLECTION

P5.-45y D4/4

Self design pre tested &uestionnaire has !een used as a tool for data collectionRuestionnaires are prepared .ost of the &uestions are consist of multiple choices The schedule

method was underta%en The interview was conducted in Tamil 7roper care was ta%en to frame

the interview schedule in such a manner it should !e easily understood in view of educational

level of the employees Denerally &uestions are prepared and as%ed to the drivers of TNSTC,

Nagercoil region, #anithootam (I$II)

Se


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#esearch design is the arrangement of conditions for collection and analysis of

data in a manner that aims to com!ines relevance to the research purpose with economy in

procedure In this study e4ploratory research design has to !e used for o!taining the relevant

results

!&& TOOLS OF ANALYSIS

Karious methods of techni&ues used in analy'ing include

Chi/ s&uare test

Spearman0s #an% Correlation

1eighted average method

.an whiteny 2 tests

!& STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

+rivers are suffering due to high traffic

+rivers are suffering to drive safely according to the schedule provided +rivers are highly suffered from head light of opposite vehicle

+rivers are suffering to drive old !uses without proper maintained

.ost of the drivers are suffering from occupational diseases

35


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!& LIMITATION OF THE STUDY

The ma"or limitation of the current study is its limited scope The scope of the study is

e4tended to include drivers from two region, two division, two transport corporations li%e S


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to G years 22 15.71% to G years 10 10%

Gto J years 65 46.43% Gto J years 63 63%

Jto years 35 25% Jto years 13 13%

a!oveyears 18 12.86% a!oveyears 14 14%

TOTAL 140 100% TOTAL 100 100%

S"+5


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TABLE: !

WORING EPERIENCE OF THE RESPONDENTS

T"2 9e5=.


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05.=e59

to years 60 42.86% to years 44 44%

to - years 10 7.14% to - years 10 10%

-to - years 14 10% -to - years 7 7%

-to years 10 7.14% -to years 13 13%

to years 32 22.86% to years 13 13%

6!ove 14 10% 6!ove 13 13%

TOTAL 140 100% TOTAL 100 100%

S"+5


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TABLE: !

40


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Classifcation o the Reson!ents "ase! on thei# SAFETY EUIPMENT FACILITY IN

THE BUS

T"2

9e5=.


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TABLE: !

Classifcation o the Reson!ents "ase! on thei# FACTOR CAUSES MORE STRESS

T"2 NO "7 Pe5


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9e5=.


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TABLE: !

Classifcation o the Reson!ents "ase! on thei# FACTOR MAE FEEL IRRITATION

44


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T"2

9e5=.


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TABLE: !

Classifcation o the Reson!ents "ase! on thei# HOURS OF WOR ECEED # HOURS

PER DAY

46


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T"2 9e5=.


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TABLE: !$

Classifcation o the Reson!ents "ase! on thei# ENOUGH TIME TO DRIVE SAFELY,

ACCORDING TO THE SCHEDULE PROVIDED

48


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T"2

9e5=.


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TABLE: !%

Classifcation o the Reson!ents "ase! on thei# SPECIAL FACILITIES FOR OLD

DRIVERS AND DRIVERS WITH HEALTH PROBLEM

50


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T"2

9e5=.


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TABLE: !#

Classifcation o the Reson!ents "ase! on thei#SUFFER FROM HEAD LIGHT OF OPPOSITE

VEHICLE

T"2 NO "7 Pe5


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9e5=.


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TABLE: !&'

Classifcation o the Reson!ents "ase! on thei#SUFFER TO DRIVE OLD BUSES WITHOUT

PROPER MAINTENANCE

54


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T"2

9e5=.


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TABLE: !&&

Classifcation o the Reson!ents "ase! on thei#IND OF OCCUPATIONAL STRESS

T"2 9e5=.


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05.=e5

7hysical

stress

12 8.57% 7hysical

stress

17 17%

7sychological

stress

32 22.86% 7sychological

stress

17 17%

:oth 7hysical $7sychological

stress

88 62.86% :oth 7hysical $7sychological

stress

46 46%

None 8 5.71% None 20 20%

TOTAL 140 100% TOTAL 100 100%

S"+5


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TABLE: !&

Classifcation o the Reson!ents "ase! on thei#FACES OF OCCUPATIONAL STRESS

58


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T"2 9e5=.


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TABLE: !&

Classifcation o the Reson!ents "ase! on thei#INCONVENIENCE DUE TO OCCUPATIONAL

STRESS

60


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T"2 9e5=.


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TABLE: !&

Classifcation o the Reson!ents "ase! on thei#OCCUPATIONAL STRESS AFFECTING

T"2 9e5=.


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05.=e5 5e93"20e2/9 9e5=.


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TABLE: !&

Classifcation o the Reson!ents "ase! on thei#LEVEL OF STRESS

64


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T"2 9e5=.


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TABLE: !&

Classifcation o the Reson!ents "ase! on thei#*OB FEELING

66


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T"2

9e5=.


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TABLE: !&$

Classifcation o the Reson!ents "ase! on thei#TIME FOR HOBBIES AND SPEND WITH

CHILDRENS J FAMILY

68


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T"2 9e5=.


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TABLE: !&%

Classifcation o the Reson!ents "ase! on thei#COPPING STRATERGY PERSONALLY TO

MANAGE STRESS

70


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T"2 9e5=.


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COPPING STRATERGY PERSONALLY TO MANAGE STRESS

TABLE: !

72


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Classifcation o the Reson!ents "ase! on thei#TYPE OF STRATEGIES TO REDUCE

STRESS

T"2 9e5=.


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TABLE: !'

Classifcation o the Reson!ents "ase! on thei#COPPING STRATERGY BY ORGANI>ATION TO

MANAGE STRESS

74


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T"2 9e5=.ATION TO MANAGE STRESS

75


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TABLE: !&

Classifcation o the Reson!ents "ase! on thei#SHARE STRESSFUL PROBLEMS

76


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T"2 9e5=.


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TABLE: !

LEVEL OF STRESS IN DIFFERENT AGE GROUP

AGE

GROU

78


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P VERY HIGH HIGH MODERATE TOTAL

N" "7

Re93"20e2/9K

N" "7

Re93"20e2/9

K

N" "7

Re93"20e2/9K

A"=e

ye459

* - G

*

*

/"

ye459

J-* - GGGG

*

- * %

/"

ye459

3 -33* G * 3 G-

*

&%

/"

ye459

J -* - G

*

- *

T"/46 $ $ # '

S"+5


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There is significance relationship !etween the age group and level of stress

TABLE :

OBSERVED COUNT

S.no

Level of

stress

Age group

Very high HighModerat

e

Total

1 Above years 20 12 0 32

! " to years 20 16 12 48

# # to " years 28 32 68 128

" ! to # years 4 12 16 32

Total 72 72 96 240

Source? 7rimary

TABLE !

EPECTED COUNT

S.no

Level ofstress

Age group

Very high HighModerat

e

Total

80


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1 Above years 9.6 9.6 12.8 32

! " to years 14.4 14.4 19.2 48

# # to " years 38.4 38.4 51.2 128

" ! to # years 9.6 9.6 12.8 32

Total 72 72 96 240

Source? 7rimary +ata

FORMULA

(5/


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J -JJ G-G -3

- -JJ - -3

- -B / -3J

3 G3J /-J -3- 3

3 G G3J /J JB -

B 3 - -3 3J -

- J B / G-G G

-- - B J

- - -3 G -J 3

T5T6L JG3


The calculated value JG3

+egree of freedom (#/-) (C/-) (J/-) (G/-) (G) ()

Level of significance *

Ta!le value of +D> and * level of significance -B

JG3 U -B / Calculated Kalue is greater than Ta!ulated Kalueence, Null hypothesis is re"ected

A


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INFERENCE

Thus Chi/S&uare test infers that there is significance relationship !etween the age group

and level of stress

In this study the researcher found that when the age is increase, level of stress also

increase in the driving occupation

ANALYSIS USING SPEARMANS RAN CORRELATION

BASED ON FACTOR CAUSES MORE STRESS

TABLE: :

RANING COUNT

F4


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D"+6e 0+/y - J - -

T5477.< 3 - -

O/1e59 3 - J G - -

O=e5 6"40 J 3 G - -

O60 +9 3 GJ 3 J

H.1 /5477.< GJ JJ J

O/1e59 - -J - J

TOTAL &%!


V diW

>ormula 5 -/

n (nW/-)

4 -3

3X(3)/ -Y

---

J

-/J 3

The Spearman coefficient is '!$%'

INFERENCE

84


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Thus spearman0s ran% correlation infers that sufficiently high degree of correlation

In this study the researcher found that there is high degree of relationship !etween factor causing

stress among town service and mofussil service

WEIGHTED AVERAGE METHOD

BASED ON FACTOR CAUSES STRESS

TABLE: :$

S47e/y e8+.3-e2/ 74


86/100

T$ 5e93"2

0e2/9

e.1/ 9


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#arely 10 2 20 #arely 20 2 40

Sometimes 4 3 12 Sometimes 10 3 30

5ften 0 4 0 5ften 10 4 40

Kery often 0 5 0 Kery often 0 5 0

TOTAL 140 158 TOTAL 100 170Mean score 1)%1"&'1.1# Mean score

1*&%1&&'1.*&

TABLE: :&

S+77e5 75"- 1e40 6.1/ "7 "33"9./e =e1.


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T$ 5e93"2

0e2/9

e.1/ 9


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safety e&uipment

facility in the !us-B G #

wor% e4ceed B hours

per day-3J &'

enough time to drivesafely, according to

the schedule provide

-3 $ &&

special facilities for

older drivers and for

drivers with health

pro!lems

--G & -

suffer from head

light of opposite

vehicle

- -33 %

suffer to drive old!uses without proper

maintenances

- GG &

TOTAL R& R


FORMULA

U -U

>

U

U 2&2 2& (2&&) R&

N&2

-U

2&2 (2&2&)

89


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U

&

#an% -

#an%

N-

N

P M (M-)

2 /////// / G

2 GM-/G

P G

m2 //////////////////// //////////////////// &%

P (MM-) G(-G)

Z2 ///////////////////// ///////////////// #

- -

Z2

&%

> !

!

90


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The calculated value

Level of significance *

+egree of freedom [right tail test

Ta!le value of \ [ * level of significance -J

U -J Calculated Kalue is greater than Ta!ulated Kalue

ence, Null hypothesis is re"ected

A


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The researcher found that G* of Town service drivers and J* of mofussil service

drivers are suffer to drive safely according to the schedule provided

The researcher found that B* of Town service drivers and * of mofussil service

drivers highly dissatisfied with special facilities for older drivers and for drivers with

health pro!lems

The researcher found that 3* of Town service drivers and * of mofussil service

drivers highly suffer from head light of opposite vehicle

The researcher found that * of Town service drivers are suffer to drive old !uses

without proper maintained !ut G* of mofussil service drivers are not at all suffer to drive

old !us without proper maintenance

The researcher found that G* of Town service drivers and J* of mofussil service

drivers feel !oth 7hysical $ 7sychological stress in their "o!s

The researcher found that * ofTown service drivers feel negative stress, and * of

mofussil service drivers feel positive stress in their "o!s

The researcher found that G* ofTown service drivers suffer from digestive pro!lem and

J* of mofussil service drivers suffer from other health pro!lem,

The researcher found that J* of Town service driver0s respondent0s high level of stress

and * of mofussil service drivers respondents moderate level of stress in their "o!s,

The researcher found that J* Town service drivers and G* of mofussil service drivers

are satisfied with their "o!s

The researcher found that J* of Town service drivers and JB* of mofussil service

drivers respondents very often, that they have time for ho!!ies and spend with children

and family,

The researcher found that B* of Town service drivers and * of mofussil service

driver0s respondents that they do not have any ha!it of copping strategy personally to

manage stress,

The researcher found that -* Town service driver respondents .editation$ yoga, and

* of mofussil service driver0s respondents e4ercise,

The researcher found that 3G* ofTown service driver0s respondents that organi'ation not

at all ta%e any copping strategy to manage stress and JG* of mofussil service driver0s

respondents that organi'ation rarely ta%e copping strategy to manage stress ,

The researcher found that * Town service drivers share with their friends and * of

mofussil service drivers share with their spouse,

92


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The researcher found that most of the respondents !elong to age group a!ove J feel very

high level of stress in their "o!

In this study the researcher found that when the age is increase, level of stress also

increase in the driving occupation

In this study the researcher found that there is high degree of relationship !etween factor

causing stress among town service and mofussil service

In this study the researcher found that town service drivers are facing more stress than

mofussil service

: SUGGESTIONS

6lthough stress is an in!uilt character of the "o! of transport drivers, the organi'ation

could prove to !e some help in reducing the amount of stress if they implement the following

recommended strategies

The schedule provided to drivers are old and this will not applica!le for the present high

traffic, so the management should apply new schedule , this will reduce the stress level

among the drivers 6nd also this will reduce the !ad incidents

appy wor%ers are productive wor%ers, so the management should provide recreation

facilities li%e gym facility, yoga facility, and rela4ation facility and other facilities which

reduce the stress of driver Now a day the yoga is not properly followed is one of the

complaints of most drivers

7roper maintenance of !uses should reduce the stress and improve productivity; most of

the town services drivers are suffer to drive old !us without proper maintenance 6nd

drivers are highly suffer from head light of opposite vehicle, and highly dissatisfied with

safety e&uipment facility in the !us so the management should ta%e action to maintain

!uses properly The drivers should encourage participating in several training programs related to their

stress reduction strategies

>eed!ac% should !e o!tained on those sessions which would further !e helpful in

demonstrating the need for additional training programs and activities

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.ost ofTown service drivers feel negative stress, so the management should ta%e care of

it to !e a positive stress

CHAPTER V

CONCLUSION

Stress can !e !oth positive and negative, which has an impact on the employees

performance at wor% If ta%en positively, the results are positive, and if ta%en in a negative way,

may yield disastrous results >or most of the people, low to moderate amount of stress ena!le

them to perform their "o!s !etter owever, a high level of stress or for that matter even a low

level stress spread over a long period, eventually ta%es its toll, and the performance declines

94


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APPENDI

6n analytical study of occupational stress level among the drivers of town and mofussil service;

a comparative insight; in Tamil Nadu State Transport Corporation (Tirunelveli) Ltd,

Nagercoil region, (TNSTC)A

.206y 35"=.0e y"+5 =46+46e .27"5-4/."2

Name?

6ge group? a) to G !) Gto J c) Jto d) a!ove

+esignation? a) Town service driver !) .ofussil service driver

95


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) 6re there special facilities for older drivers and for drivers with health pro!lemsQa) Not at all !) rarely c) sometimes d) often e) very often

) +o you suffer from head light of opposite vehicleQ

a) Not at all !) rarely c) sometimes d) often e) very often

3) +o you suffer to drive old !uses without proper maintenancesQ


B) 1hat %ind of stress do you suffer in your "o!Q

a) 7hysical stress !) psychological stress c) !oth 6$: d)none

-) In your accordance which of the following faces of stress in your "o!Q

a) 7ositive (eustress) !)negative (distress) c ) !oth 6$: d) none

--) 6re you suffer from following in convenience due to "o! stressQ

a) igh !lood pressure !) headache c)digestive pro!lem d) tension e) others

-) ow is "o! stress affecting youQ

a) Low performance !) low concentration c) +isappointment and angry

d) fight at home e)

other

-G) 1hat is the level of stress that you feel in your "o!Q

a) Kery high !) high c) moderate d) low e) very low

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-J) ow do you feel a!out your "o!Q

a) ighly satisfied !) satisfied c) neutral

d) dissatisfied e) highly dissatisfied

-) +o you have time for ho!!ies and spend with children and familyQ

!) Not at all !) rarely c) sometimes d) often e) very often

-) ave you ta%e any copping strategy personally to manage stressQ


-) 1hat are the types of strategies you follow to reduce stressQ

a)


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BIBLOGRAPHY

BOO REFERRED

K S 7 #65, uman #esource .anagement, second edition, e4cel !oo%s, New +elhi

SSH6NH6, uman #esource .anagement, SChand $ company ltd, New +elhi

.6.5#I6C:, 7ersonal .anagement, imalaya pu!lishing house, .um!ai

C# H5T6#I, #esearch .ethodology .ethods and Techni&ues, second revised edition, New

age international pu!lishers, New +elhi

7 S N 7ILL6I, K :6D6K6TI, Statistics, SChand $ company ltd, New +elhi

S C D27T6, >undamental of Statists, second revised $ enlarged edition, imalaya pu!lishing

house, .um!ai

*OURNAL

57D5F6L $ 6N2 SIND L6T

99
http://www.tnstc.com/http://www.tnstc.com/


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Occupational Stress - MBA Project on Stress Management

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Transcript of Occupational Stress - MBA Project on Stress Management