Ob+Stress Management
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STRESS MANAGEMENTSTRESS MANAGEMENT
Dr.Preetam.KhandelwalFMS,University of Delhi,Delhi
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How big is the stress problem?How big is the stress problem?
Very big and growing There are potential stressors
in all human activities
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Work Stress and Its ManagementWork Stress and Its Management
Stress
A dynamic condition in which an individual is confronted with an opportunity, constraint, or demand related to what he or she desires and for which the outcome is perceived to be both uncertain and important.
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Work Stress and Its ManagementWork Stress and Its Management
Constraints
Forces that prevent individuals from doing what they desire.
Demands
The loss of something desired.
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MISCONCEPTIONS
1. All stress harmful
2. Must be avoided
3. Hard work kills
4. Not Organization’s problem
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TRUTHSTRUTHS
No life without stress Cannot be avoided Progress of mankind Not only individual, but Org as well ,
affected Stress kills, not hard work An individual experience
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Work Stress and its ManagementWork Stress and its Management
. Stressor: The person or event that triggers the stress
response
Eustress:Healthy ,normal stress
Distress: Adverse Psychological,physical,behavioral and organizational consequences due to stressful events
Strain: Distress
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NEGATIVE STRESS
It is a contributory factor in minor conditions,
such as headaches, digestive problems, skin complaints, insomnia and ulcers
Excessive, prolonged and unrelieved stress can have a harmful effect on mental, physical and spiritual health.
NEGATIVE STRESS
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POSITIVE STRESS
Stress can also have a positive effect, spurring motivation and awareness, providing the stimulation to cope with challenging situations
Stress also provides the sense of urgency and alertness needed for survival when confronting threatening situations.
POSITIVE STRESS
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THE INDIVIDUAL Everyone is different, with unique perceptions of,
and reactions to, events There is no single level of stress that is optimal
for all people Some are more sensitive owing to experiences in
childhood, the influence of teachers, parents and religion etc
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Inverted-U Relationship between Stress and Job Performance
Inverted-U Relationship between Stress and Job Performance
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Potential Sources of Stress Potential Sources of Stress
Environmental Factors
– Economic uncertainties of the business cycle
– Political uncertainties of political systems
– Technological uncertainties of technical innovations
– Terrorism in threats to physical safety and security
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Potential Sources of Stress Potential Sources of Stress
Organizational Factors
– Task demands related to the job
– Role demands of functioning in an organization
– Interpersonal demands created by other employees
– Organizational structure (rules and regulations)
– Organizational leadership (managerial style)
– Organization’s life stage (growth, stability, or decline)
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Potential Sources of Stress (cont’d) Potential Sources of Stress (cont’d)
Individual Factors
– Family and personal relationships
– Economic problems from exceeding earning capacity
– Personality problems arising for basic disposition
Individual Differences
– Perceptual variations of how reality will affect the individual’s future.
– Greater job experience moderates stress effects.
– Social support buffers job stress.
– Internal locus of control lowers perceived job stress.
– Strong feelings of self-efficacy reduce reactions to job stress.
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Work related
Non-work related
Episodic stress
Type 1(e.g.Re-organisation)
Type11(e.g.Marriage)
Chronic stress
Type 111(e.g. Too much, too little work)
Type 1V (e.g. Concern over economy)
POTENTIAL SOURCES OF STRESS
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SOURCES OF STRESSSOURCES OF STRESS
Diagnosing stress important
Episodic stress both on and off the job causes disruptions ,triggers a chain reaction ,requires personal adjustment
Chronic stress even after we become accustomed to it causes pressures that induce illness ,lower feelings of satisfaction ,inhibit growth and work effectiveness
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Life Styles and Stress Life Styles and Stress
We embrace material goods, conveniences,”the good life”
we thus ,reduce are ability to cope with stress
We reward competition and achievement above most other human endeavours
We design our life around left brain and increase the amount of stress in our daily lives
We ignore our physical, mental and spiritual wellness
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Consequences of StressConsequences of Stress
High LevelsHigh Levelsof Stressof Stress
High LevelsHigh Levelsof Stressof Stress
PhysiologicalPhysiologicalSymptomsSymptoms
PhysiologicalPhysiologicalSymptomsSymptoms
BehavioralBehavioralSymptomsSymptoms
BehavioralBehavioralSymptomsSymptoms
PsychologicalPsychologicalSymptomsSymptoms
PsychologicalPsychologicalSymptomsSymptoms
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A Model of StressA Model of Stress
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Stage 1-AlarmThe body shows characteristics of the first exposure to the stressor ,increase BP, high respiration rate
Stage 2- ResistanceAs stressful condition persists person resists stress ,(Anxiety, tension,accidents ,poor decision making,illness)
Stage 3- ExhaustionResistance fails,headaches,high BPBecause of long exposure to same stress
General Adaptation Syndrome
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Personality Personality Type A’s1. are always moving, walking, and eating rapidly;2. feel impatient with the rate at which most events take place;3. strive to think or do two or more things at once;4. cannot cope with leisure time;5. are obsessed with numbers, measuring their success in
terms of how many or how much of everything they acquire.
Type B’s1. never suffer from a sense of time urgency with its
accompanying impatience;2. feel no need to display or discuss either their achievements
or accomplishments;3. play for fun and relaxation, rather than to exhibit their
superiority at any cost;4. can relax without guilt.
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The Necessity for Life-Style Change The Necessity for Life-Style Change
It is important to take a holistic perspective or a “systems” approach to understanding stress
Holistic perspective: Three key dimensions
of life
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ILLNESS WELLNESS - __________________________________ +
DEPRESSION HAPPINESS - __________________________________ +
ALIENATION INTEGRATION - __________________________________ +
THE PSYCHOLOGICAL DIMENSION
THE PHYSICAL DIMENSION
THE SPRITUAL DIMENSION
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Managing StressManaging Stress
Individual Approaches– Implementing time management
- life style management -diet,exercise,yoga – Increasing physical exercise– Relaxation training/Meditation– Expanding social support network
- Behavioral techniques—learn to react
differently
- Cognitive technique—
think yourself out of stress
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TIME MANAGEMENTTIME MANAGEMENT
Prioritizing activities by importance & urgency
Prioritization -Make a list• What MUST be done
• What SHOULD be done
• What would you LIKE to do
Scheduling – Plan your Day
• Schedule Quite hour, Interruptions, Personal time, Balance
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Time ManagementTime Management
Knowing your daily cycle
Doing high demanding jobs when you are alert and active
Delegate & Follow-up• Trust yourself to relinquish control
Edit your Life - Learn to drop unimportant activities
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Managing StressManaging Stress
Organizational Approaches– Improved personnel
selection and job placement
– Training– Use of realistic goal
setting– Redesigning of jobs– Increased employee
involvement– Improved organizational
communication– Offering employee
sabbaticals– Establishment of
corporate wellness programs
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Tips for managersTips for managers
we must commit ourselves to action
Learn effective stress –management techniques
Recognise that stress and stress management are unique
for each of us
we must be patient
Accept stress management as a life long learning process
Approach stress management one step at a time
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Tips for managersTips for managers
Become knowledgeable about stress
Take a systematic approach to problem solving
Come to terms with your feelings
Develop effective behavioural skills
Establish and maintain a strong support network
Concentrate on positive spiritual development
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ABC STRATEGY
A = AWARENESS
What causes you stress?
How do you react?
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ABC STRATEGY
B = BALANCE
There is a fine line between positive / negative stress
How much can you cope with before it becomes negative ?
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ABC STRATEGY
C = CONTROL
What can you do to help yourself combat the negative effects of
stress ?
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Taking responsibility for your own health
and well –being is one of the most important
keys to successful stress management and life style change
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Type A ScoringType A Scoring
120 or more A+
106-119 A
100-105 A-
90-99 B+
Less than 90 B