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Adaptations in Populations - Unit 8

Vesta - Biology

Name _________________________

Test Date _____________

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Biology Bell-Ringers

If there is no bell-ringer on any day, just write “No Bell-Ringer” in the answer column.

If you are absent, write “absent” in the answer column. This is daily participation work and there are no make-ups.

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Date Bell-Ringer QuestionWrite the question/questions below

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Unit LS-4: Adaptations in PopulationsObjectives/ Learning Targets

I can:

1. Explain how the process of evolution primarily results from five factors (five fingers of evolution):

a. (1) the potential for organisms to increase their population numbers,

b. (2) Differences in the traits of a species are due to random genetic mutations

c. (3) Competition for limited environmental resources

d. (4) Sexual selection can increase diversity

e. (5) Success of organisms better suited to survive and reproduce in the environment.

2. Use data (numbers) to support the claim that organisms with favorable heritable traits tend to increase their populations sizes when compared to organisms without this favorable trait.

3. Based on evidence, explain how natural selection leads to the adaptation of populations.

4. Explain how changes in environmental conditions may result in:

a. (1) increases in the number of individuals of some species,

b. (2) emergence/creation of new species over time,

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Learning Target

#1a

1b

1c

1d

1e

2

3

4a

4b

4c

5

6

c. (3) extinction of other species.

5. Simulate a solution which would control or reverse the negative impacts of human activity on biodiversity.

6. Analyze populations across time based on diagrams, graphs, and charts including the emergence, fluctuations in size, and mass extinctions of organisms.

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http://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&frm=1&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&docid=-LOmJMJvDliToM&tbnid=HojWHjxJa2CevM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http://thechocolateandwhite.blogspot.com/2011/04/polar-vs-grizzly-bear.html&ei=S1BVU4jdAYTsyQHe-YHIBA&bvm=bv.65058239,d.aWc&psig=AFQjCNHH0WdyGJVpWPHujuG3VSljnbI5mw&ust=1398186423550882

https://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl&imgrefurl=http://www.americanaquariumproducts.com/livebearers.html&h=0&w=0&tbnid=tV1Ie58m-1GYUM&zoom=1&tbnh=194&tbnw=259&docid=2OjsVooD5tFZbM&hl=en&tbm=isch&ei=dFBVU9-mJ6aIygH0goHoBQ&ved=0CAUQsCUoAQ

http://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&frm=1&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&docid=cLcB6ZSQ0_43MM&tbnid=P1m9joqDF-AetM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http://www.asnailsodyssey.com/LEARNABOUT/SEASTAR/seasRigh.php&ei=ulBVU_6OM9KbyATRxIHABA&psig=AFQjCNHAkAWYuoJoB4bi-c8CH2xuS3ghMg&ust=1398186550666217

WORDS PEOPLE TO KNOW

Abundance

Adaptation Lamarck

Artificial selection

Competition Darwin

Fitness

Isolation

Natural selection

Population

Behavioral

Geological

Reproductive

Artificial Selection: Dog Breeding

1. Go to: http://pbskids.org/dragonflytv/games/game_dogbreeding.html

2. Fill in the chart as you work.

LevelDesired Trait

Number of Attempts Observations/Explanation

1Black

2LongHair

3MediumFloppy

Ears

4Brown

Long Hair

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http://pbskids.org/dragonflytv/games/game_dogbreeding.html

5BlackLongHair

StraightEars

6BrownLongHair

FloppyEars

3. Read and compare the articles in order to answer the questions below. Article One http://www.livescience.com/8420-incredible-explosion-dog-breeds.html Article Two http://sciencenordic.com/dna-reveals-new-picture-dog-origins

a. What claim is made in each article to answer: How did we get so many different kinds of dogs?

b. What evidence is provided in each article to support their claim?

c. What does one do when provided with information like the information provided from the article?

4. People are breeding dogs based on looks and behavior… go to: http://www.akc.org/dog-breeds/

a. Choose any 3 breeds, click “history” and tell what characteristics they were breed for and why.

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http://www.akc.org/dog-breeds/

http://sciencenordic.com/dna-reveals-new-picture-dog-origins

http://www.livescience.com/8420-incredible-explosion-dog-breeds.html

5. Google image “tea cup pups.” Why do you think that most people are now buying “tea cup dogs”? Give 3 different reasons.

6. Google search to find out some of the problems with tea cup pups. List at least 3 different problems people have noticed.

7. Sum It Up: These tea cup dogs were not around 20 years ago. Think about the breeding game you played and

what you have read. Give a thorough explanation of where they came from.

General Biology Name:

Movie Worksheet

Charles Darwin: Evolutions Voice

1) Charles Darwin's theory of evolution rocked the 19th century religious and intellectual world. Why was his theory so revolutionary?

2) Darwin is considered one of the most important figures in world history. Do you agree? If so, why? If not, why not?

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Name of Dog Original Breeding Basis(Desired behavior/appearance)

3) How did Darwin's theory change the world?

4) Charles Darwin did poorly in school as a young boy. Why do you think he did so poorly?

5) After Darwin dropped out from medical school, he began to study for the ministry. Why did he study for the ministry, despite the fact that he did not have the "calling?"

6) Darwin's voyage on the Beagle changed his life and world history. But he was apprehensive of the voyage. Why? Why did he fear sailing on the Beagle?

7) Why was it so important for Darwin to earn his father's respect and his teacher's respect?

8) Charles Darwin became ill at a relatively young age. How did his illness change his life?

9) Darwin was hesitant to publish his findings because he knew they would create a controversy. What finally prompted him to publish?

10) Discuss the response to “On the Origins of the Species.”

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11) What are the main ideas behind Darwin's theory of evolution?

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Darwin : Natural Selection Notes

1. There is _______________ variation in _____________________

2. There is _________________/a _______________ for ______________ in nature—

for food, resources, mates, etc. Individuals which are more ________ in a specific

environment have a better chance of ______________ and ____________________ than less

fit organisms.

3. Over time, ______________________ will consist of organisms whose

____________________ variations aid _____________________ and

_____________________ in that environment.

Natural Selection

Important note: The ______________ does not always mean the largest, _______________, or smartest.

Fitness depends upon specific _______________________ conditions.

Sometimes fittest means ______________, best camouflaged, most disease resistant, etc.

Evolution

Natural Selection ____________ to _____________________, because natural

selection ________________ ___________________

Evolution—change in a ___________________/________________ over time

Artificial Selection

Sometimes evolution can be “_______-_____________”

__________________ breeding— When humans breed exceptional plants and animals in order

to produce _______________ ___________________. Ex: racing horses, purebred dogs

Genetic ___________ “Evolution by ______________

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Darwin’s Natural Selection Worksheet Name ___________________________________

Read the following situations below and identify the 5 points of Darwin’s natural selection.

1) There are 2 types of worms: worms that eat at night (nocturnal) and worms that eat during the day (diurnal). The birds eat during the day and seem to be eating ONLY the diurnal worms. The nocturnal worms are in their burrows during this time. Each spring when the worms reproduce, they have about 500 babies but only 100 of these 500 ever become old enough to reproduce.

a. What worm has natural selection selected AGAINST? ________________ FOR? _______________

b. Darwin's 5 points: Identify the 5 points in the scenario above.Population has variations. _________________________________________________________________Some variations are favorable. _____________________________________________________________More offspring are produced than survive._________________________________________________Those that survive have favorable traits. ____________________________________________________A population will change over time. ________________________________________________________

2) There are 3 types of polar bears: ones with thick coats, ones with thin coats and ones with medium coats. It is fall, soon to be winter. The temperatures are dropping rapidly and the bears must be kept warm, or they will freeze to death. Many of the bears have had ~2 cubs each but due to the extreme temperatures, many mothers only have one cub left.

a. What bear will natural selection select AGAINST? __________________ FOR? ________________

b. Darwin's 5 points: Identify the 5 points in the scenario above.[Type text]

Population has variations. _________________________________________________________________Some variations are favorable. _____________________________________________________________More offspring are produced than survive._________________________________________________Those that survive have favorable traits. ____________________________________________________A population will change over time. ________________________________________________________

3) In ostriches, there are 2 types: ones that run fast and those that run slowly. The fast birds can reach up to 40 miles an hour. Jackals love to eat ostrich, and they can reach speeds of up to 35-40 miles per hour. A flock of ostrich will lay ~ 10 eggs (each mother only lays 1), but many rodents break into the eggs and eat the fetus before they hatch.

a. What ostrich will natural selection select AGAINST? _________________ FOR? _______________


4) There are two types of rabbits: those that strictly eat grass and those that strictly eat berries and flowers. A drought occurs one year, and the plants have difficulty producing any extras (flowers, berries, etc.).They can only try and keep themselves green. The rabbits have had babies all year long but many are eaten by foxes or hawks. Due to the drought,

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many have starved to death.

a. What rabbit will natural selection select AGAINST? _________________ FOR? ________________


5) Bob believes that giraffes have long necks because they have stretched their necks to try and reach food that is high in trees. Since the parent had stretched its neck, it passed the long neck on to its offspring. Ryan believes that giraffes have long necks because the ones with long necks were able to reach the food, and those with short necks could not and died. The long necked giraffes reproduced, and soon all of the giraffes had long necks.a. Who thinks like Lamarck? ___________________________________b. Who thinks like Darwin? ____________________________________Mechanisms of Evolution—how it happens

Populations (______________) evolve, ____________ individuals.

Evolution occurs when a population’s _____________ frequencies change over ____________.

____________ pool—a population’s _________________ genes

________________ frequency—The % of an allele in a ______________ (ex: 25% “t” in a pea plant population)

____________________ Equilibrium—When the allelic frequency remains the ____________

over generations (____ evolution) This can happen when there is _____ movement ______

or _____ ____ a population.

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So, when a population in _________ in genetic equilibrium, when the gene pool changes,

populations _____________.

When _________________ occur, creating ________ alleles, and individuals with that

mutation _______________ and _________________, the gene _________ is altered, leading

to _____________________.

Natural Selection Revisited

There are 3 types of natural selection: _________________ Selection—the average individual is selected for _________________ Selection—Both extreme variations of a trait are selected for _________________ Selection—One extreme variation of a trait is selected for

Genetic Drift

_______________ drift—Changes in the allelic ____________________ of a population due to

______________ events.

______________ effect—evolution as the result of a _____________ of a small

_______________ of a population to a _____ environment.

Population ___________________—When an environmental catastrophe drastically reduces

the numbers of a population, ____________________ huge amounts of ______________

diversity. Ex: humans 70,000 years ago

Speciation

_______________________—Evolution of a new species

Reproductive Isolation

______________________ isolation—When subgroups of a population can no longer interbreed and produce fertile offspring

________________ isolation—isolation due to different courtship rituals or reproductive strategies

Ex: Eastern & Western Meadowlark songs

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________________ Isolation—Isolation due to population groups reproducing at

__________________ times.

Ex: flowers being pollinated at different times of the year

________________ isolation—Isolation of populations due to geographic barriers

Ex: South American and African monkeys

Adaptive Radiation

___________________ Radiation—When one ancestral species spreads out geographically, and many new species form over time.

One species radiates ______________ and each subgroup _____________ to its own unique

_______________________

Speciation of multiple species from one _________________ species—a type of

_______________________ evolution

Ex: “__________________ Finches” of the ___________________ Islands

Darwin’s Finches—Adaptive Radiation

___________________ lead to Evolution

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______ mutations can lead to _________ genes/new __________ in individuals

_____________ a population.

If these new _____________ are favorable in the __________________ environment, and help

it _____________ and __________________, then the genes will be ______________ on to

offspring.

The greatest potential for ____________________ change would involve a _______________

population, with ________________ mutations

Mutations and bacteria

___________________ Resistance—DNA mutations in ______________ can prevent them

from being _____________ by __________________. They _______________, then continue

to grow and ______________ as bacteria do. Soon, all of _______ type of bacteria has evolved

________________.

VIDEO GUIDE BOZEMAN BIOLOGY – SPECIATION AND EXTINCTION http://www.bozemanscience.com/007-speciation-and-extinction

1. Define speciation

2. Define extinction.

3. How is the interaction between dragonfly larva and sticklebacks an example of natural selection?

4. Why is there is so much diversity among honeycreepers in Hawaii.

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5. What does “extant” mean?

6. How many “mass extinctions” has the earth experienced?

7. List some possible causes of mass extinctions.

8. Describe what scientists suspect happened during the K-T extinction. What EVIDENCE do they have for this?

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STAPLE YOUR ISLANDS DESCRIPTION HERE

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Enrichment

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Biodiversity Project – Endangered Species Part 1

Fill out the following information for your endangered species.

Common Name ___________________________

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Print out and glue a picture of your

animal here

Place a dot on the map using marker that shows where your

endangered animal lives.

TAXONOMY

Kingdom

Phylum

Class

Order

Family

Scientific NameGenus and species

Endangered species Notes About Your Animal

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Biodiversity Part 2

How do humans impact biodiversity?

For each; tell what it is, give examples and tell how we can stop it.

Habitat Destruction Introduction of invasive species

Pollution Hunting

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Biodiversity Part 3 – Why do humans care if organisms become extinct?

Each person in your group was assigned a different article.

Summarize your article below.

Take notes on what the other group members say about their articles below.

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Biodiversity Part 4

What can humans do to help?

After researching, write or type a short essay. Include at least 2 quotes with citations in your paper along with a work cited of at least 3 sources at the end. (using easy bib is fine). Staple typed paper here or any additional hand written pages.

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Objectives/ Learning Targets - School District #308 / Homepage€¦ · Web viewDarwin's voyage on...

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