CHAPTER 2: CULTURE

Objectives:Define values, norms, and sanctions,

folkways, mores, and taboosCompare, contrast, and offer examples

of dominant cultures, subcultures, and countercultures

VALUES AND NORMS

Values—the standards by which people define what is desirable or undesirable, good or bad, beautiful or ugly

Norms—the expectations, or rules of behavior, that develop to reflect and enforce values

--broken into 4 groups: folkways, mores, taboos, and laws

--moral holidays (Mardi Gras/Party Cove)

SANCTIONS

Sanctions—expressions of approval or disapproval given to people for upholding or violating norms

positive sanction—approval for following a norm

--ex: smile, raise at worknegative sanction—disapproval for

breaking a norm--ex: frown, getting fired from job

THINK & SHARE…

As a group identify…

2 examples of positive sanctions 2 examples of negative sanctions

FOLKWAYS, MORES, AND TABOOS

Folkways—norms that are not strictly enforced--ex: holding the door open for a person

behind you, walking down the right side of a hallway,

Mores—norms that are strictly enforced because they are thought essential to the core values or well-being of the group

--These concepts can differ from group to group—one groups folkways can be another groups mores--ex: non-married couples living together,

TABOOS

Taboos—a norm so strong that it often brings revulsion if violated

--ex: cannibalism, incest

SUBCULTURES AND COUNTERCULTURES

Subcultures—the values and related behaviors of a group that distinguish its members from the larger culture; a world within a world

--i.e.: truckers, carnies, football fans, bodybuilders, doctors

Countercultures—a group whose values, beliefs, and related behaviors place its members in opposition to the broader culture

--i.e.: Hippies in the 60s/70s, Satanists, Hell’s Angels, Mormons in the 1800s

SUBCULTURE PROJECT

GlogsterCreate online, interactive poster about

a subculture.