Rise of CivilizationKey Concept 1.3 – Development and interactions of early agricultural, pastoral, and urban societies.

Objective: SWBAT explain the elements of civilizationsE.Q. – What are the requirements that make a civilization?

Çatal Hüyük

Why was Çatal Hüyük not considered a civilization?

First Neolithic Village- Located in southern

Turkey- Approx. 7,000 BCE

Characteristics:1. Standardized houses2. Religious images

found3. Some trade

conducted4. Some specialization

of jobs5. Some political and

military activity

Elements of Civilizations

While there were many differences between civilizations, they also shared important features:

- agricultural surpluses that permitted significant specialization of labor

- contained cities

- generated complex institutions, such as political bureaucracies, armies, and religious hierarchies

- clearly stratified social hierarchies

- organized long-distance trading relationships

- Development of record keeping

- New technologies of warfare and urban defense

Ancient Civilization TimelineBe able to identify the sequence of civilizations.

Early River CivilizationsKey Concept 1.3.1 – identify the location of all (6) core and foundational civilization.

Emergence of States

Early states were often led by a ruler whose source of power believed to be divine and/or supported by the military

Early regions of state expansion Mesopotamia Babylonia Nile Valley

Pastoralists were often developers and disseminators of new weapons and modes of transportation. See next slide

Key Concept 1.3.2 – First states emerged within core civilizations.

Hittites

Known for their iron and chariots. Iron▪ The use of iron tools and weapons was a

very important discovery▪ As there empire collapsed around 1200

B.C. the ironsmiths migrated to other parts

▪ This new knowledge began to spread into Asia, Africa, and Europe, thus ushering the Iron Age.

Chariots▪ Oldest testament to the use of a chariot▪ Developed a new chariot, lighter wheels

and could carry three warriors

Developed new technology

Culture Unifying States

Early civilizations developed monumental architecture and urban planning. Pyramids Ziggurats Sewage and water systems

Key Concept 1.3.3 – Culture played a significant role in unifying states through laws, language, literature, religion, myths and monumental art.

Elites (political and religious) promoted arts and artisanship.

Systems of record keeping arose independently in all early civilizations and subsequently were diffused (spread). Quipu Cuneiform Hieroglyphics

States developed legal codes. Code of Hammurabi▪ “Eye for an Eye”

New religious beliefs The Vedic religion▪ Led to the belief system ->

Hinduism Hebrew monotheism▪ Stands out as one of the 1st

and oldest monotheistic religions

Zoroastrianism▪ Believed to have influenced

the Abrahamic religions

Expansion of trade Local ->

regional▪ Egypt to Nubia

Transregional▪ Mesopotamia to

Indus Valley

Social and gender hierarchies As states expand and cities

multiplied social and gender hierarchies intensified.

Literature Reflection of the culture in

the various civilizations▪ Epic of Gilgamesh ->

Mesopotamia▪ Adventures of historic king of Ürük

▪ Book of the Dead -> Egypt▪ Funerary text

▪ Rig Veda -> Indus Valley▪ Sanskrit creation story