NUTRITIONAL HEALTH - Nutra Blend LLC · Pigs were weaned from a sow farm that had been affected by...

NUTRITIONAL HEALTHJANUARY 2019 • VOLUME 2 • ISSUE 1

TECH TALK ARTICLES PROVIDED BY

NUTRITIONAL HEALTHFEBRUARY/MARCH 2019 • VOLUME 2 • ISSUE 2

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CONTENT04 TECH TALK: KEMIN

COMPARISON OF ALETA™ (1,3-BETA GLUCANS) WITH AND WITHOUT IN-FEED ANTI-BIOTIC THERAPY FOR GROWTH PERFORMANCE, MORBIDITY AND FULL MARKET VALUE PIGS IN PRRSV-POSITIVE NURSERY PIGS1,2

1 0 TECH TALK: ALLTECHMICROBIAL DIVERSITY — THE KEY TO GUT HEALTH

06 TECH TALK: DIAMOND VFARM TO TABLE: SALMONELLA CONTROL IN EGG PRODUCTION

ABOUT NUTRA BLENDNutra Blend is offering its new veterinary specific program geared to bring you information about the Veterinary Feed Directive (VFD) and the latest scientific information on products that positively affects the health of today’s high producing animals.

Nutra Blend is providing the opportunity to obtain further knowledge and understanding how this directive affects you through our monthly newsletter, educational webinars, regional seminars and helping connect you with other industry experts and suppliers. Nutra Blend is driven to embrace the responsibility of being an integral part of the food system that feeds our world. We firmly believe that the combination of great people, customer service, quality products and cutting-edge technology drives success.

LALLEMAND ANIMAL NUTRITION SPECIFIC FOR YOUR SUCCESSwww.lallemandanimalnutrition.comTel: 414 464 6440 Email: [email protected]

PROTERNATIVE MILK – THE NEW MEASURE OF PREVENTIONFulfilling your commitment to provide the best care for your calves sometimes means following a different road. Recent advancements in pre-weaned calf nutrition have opened new routes to help address stress, limit treatment and positively benefit the health of an animal. Adopting a new measure of prevention through milk or milk replacer is an important first step to help minimize delays on the road ahead.

Take a new road with ProTernative® Milk - a proven probiotic that positively activates the immune system of pre-weaned dairy calves to help reduce the harmful effects of stress and get calves started off right. ProTernative Milk works in the lower gut to influence the animal’s natural immunity through an internal active process that only a specific, robust and active live yeast can deliver.

The road you’ve always taken doesn’t cut it anymore. Feed ProTernative Milk and take a new measure of prevention.

Ask your nutritionist how to integrate ProTernative Milk in your operation today!Visit LallemandAnimalNutrition.com to learn more.

Not all products are available in all markets nor are all claims allowed in all regions.©2018. ProTernative is a registered trademark of Lallemand Animal Nutrition.

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Comparison of Aleta™ (1,3-beta glucans) with and without in-feed antibiotic therapy for growth performance, morbidity and full market value pigs in PRRSV-positive nursery pigs1,2 * Editor’s Note: Tech Talk was submitted by Kemin

Introduction Beta glucans are major cell wall structural components in yeast and some bacteria. Although their primary role is to alert the animal’s immune system to fungal pathogens, beta glucans have been used to enhance host protective immune defenses (mucosal and systemic immunity) in both humans and livestock. Developing a young animal’s immune defenses can be vital in animal production, especially when these animals can be exposed to and are susceptible to disease challenges early on in life.

Aleta™ is a highly bioavailable source of linear 1,3-beta glucans which, unlike yeast products, do not require extraction from the cell wall to be bioavailable.

Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) is considered one of the most important etiological agents in multifactorial respiratory diseases of swine worldwide. PRRSV is commonly associated with a secondary bacterial challenge that can negatively impact animal performance more so than the PRRSV itself.

More importantly, each herd is challenged with a different combination of PRRSV and bacterial pathogens which can be hard to replicate in a research setting. To evaluate the effect of Aleta on performance, morbidity, and full market value pigs, the study used PRRSV-positive weaned pigs in a commercial nursery.

The objective of the trial was to evaluate the potential benefits of Aleta with and without antibiotic use during a natural PRRSV challenge in a commercial nursery. Pig Health Status and Medical TreatmentPigs were weaned from a sow farm that had been affected by PRRSV (restriction fragment length

polymorphism type 1-7-4) and were not yet stabilized. At placement (day 23 of age; initial BW = 15.6 ± 0.6 lbs.), PRRSV-positive pigs were randomly assigned to one of four dietary treatments in which pens were blocked by gender and weight (Table 1). The medicated in-feed antibiotic program for treatments one and four included Pulmotil® (Elanco Animal Health, Greenfield, IN) at 181 g/ton dose for a 21-day period (as per label) followed by chlortetracycline (CTC)/Denagard® (Elanco Animal Health, Greenfield, IN) at 400 g/ton and 35 g/ton dose, respectively, for a 14-day period (as per label). Aleta was used in the diets at 0.5 lbs. per ton inclusion in treatments three and four. Treatment two did not receive any in-feed antibiotic or Aleta administration.

All pigs were vaccinated with a commercially available Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae and Porcine circovirus (PCV2) combination vaccine at placement and a PRRSV modified live virus (MLV) at 3 days post-placement per herd health protocol. CTC antibiotic therapy was administered through drinking water for 5 days beginning at day 20 post-placement and repeated at day 28 post-placement.

A commercially available Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae vaccine was administered at 6 weeks post placement to all pigs per herd health protocol. Pigs identified as sick or fall-behind were tagged and removed from the test pens. These pigs were maintained on their assigned treatment diets and continued to be tracked throughout the study. ResultsNursery pig weight gain, daily feed intake, and feed conversion ratio (FCR or Feed:Gain) were improved among pigs with positive control over the negative control during the 39-day study (P<0.01; data

Comparison of Aleta™ (1,3-beta glucans) with and without in-feed antibiotic therapy for growth performance, morbidity and full market value pigs in PRRSV-positive nursery pigs1,2

not shown). Pigs fed positive control + Aleta had synergistically improved final pen weight (Figure 1, P<0.10), morbidity, average daily gain (ADG) and FCR (P<0.10; data not shown) compared to positive control during the 39-day study.

The use of Aleta without an in-feed antibiotic therapy (negative control + Aleta) did not improve performance compared to negative control diet (data not shown). Aleta added to the in-feed antibiotic therapy diet (positive control + Aleta) reduced morbidity in both the pigs remaining in the home pen and pigs in sick pens (P=0.09; Figure 2).

The proportion of full market value pigs increased when diets included in-feed antibiotic therapy (positive control) compared to negative control (Figure 3). Positive control + Aleta numerically reduced mortality and improved the percentage of full market value pigs (98.8% vs. 96.9%) compared to positive control.

The financial analysis was determined from average daily gain, feed conversion ratio, and full market value pig pen performance data (Figure 4). In-feed antibiotic therapy (positive control) for nursery pigs experiencing a natural PRRSV challenge had improved return on investment (ROI) by $3.33/pig placed compared to no in-feed therapeutic antibiotic (negative control) (Figure 4). Aleta, in combination with in-feed antibiotic therapy (positive control + Aleta), synergistically improved pen growth performance and decreased morbidity resulting in an increase of $1.12/pig placed during a natural PRRSV disease challenge.

ConclusionDuring a PRRSV challenge, Aleta (1,3 beta-glucans) added to an in-feed therapeutic antibiotic improved pen growth performance and FCR and decreased morbidity compared to negative control and positive control. The economic synergistic benefits from Aleta with in-feed antibiotic therapy was $1.12/weaned pig compared to in-feed antibiotic treatment.

For more information on this trial involving Aleta, please contact Tom Marsteller, DVM at [email protected].

References 1. Kemin Internal Document, 18-5033.2. Boyd, D. R., T. S. Donovan, C. E. Rush. 2018.

Strategic Therapeutic Antibiotic Use Compared to the Challenge of Not Using Antibiotics for Growing Pigs. Indianapolis (IN): Midwest Swine Nutrition Conference.

Figure 1. Final pen weights for day 39. SEM = 36.9 lbs. P-values: Trt 1 vs 2 = 0.01; Trt 2 vs 3 = 0.73; Trt 1 vs 4 = 0.08.

Figure 2. Morbidity as a percentage of pigs placed (d 0-39). Morbidity in Pen, SEM = 0.88; P-values: Trt 1 vs 2 = 0.02; Trt 2 vs 3 = 0.53; Trt 1 vs 4 = 0.09. Morbidity Sick Pen, SEM = 1.41; P-values: Trt 1 vs 2 = 0.85; Trt 2 vs 3 = 0.69; Trt 1 vs 4 = 0.09.

Figure 3. Final outcome by treatment as a percentage of pigs placed (d 39). Mortality, SEM = 1.01. FVP = full market value pig.

Figure 4. Difference in marginal profit from positive control medicated treatment. Marginal profit determined from average daily gain, feed conversion ratio, and full market value pig pen performance data.

Farm to table: Salmonella control in egg production* Editor’s Note: Tech Talk was submitted by Diamond V Technical Service Specialist, Eric Gingrich, DVM,

Two outbreaks of human salmonellosis linked to eggs in the U.S. stood out last year. First, Salmonella Braenderup from a conventional layer operation infected 45 people in 10 states, with 11 people hospitalized. Soon after, S. Enteriditis from a cage-free operation infected 44 people in 11 states, with 12 people hospitalized. Thankfully, no one died, but the outbreaks served to highlight the continuing need for best practices and proactive pre-harvest or on-farm measures to control the risk of foodborne illness.

BackgroundSince 2009, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has implemented the Salmonella Egg Safety Plan, which is designed to combat a specific egg-associated threat, S. Enteritidis (SE). In 1989, SE was found to have the unique ability to be transmitted to humans by internal egg contamination from infected hens. With the exception of SE, egg-associated outbreaks occur due to fecal contamination from infected hens of the shell and shell membranes. There are over 2,000 serotypes of Salmonella that have the capability of infecting humans through shell contamination, including S. Branderup (SB).

Washing and sanitizing eggs prior to marketing of eggs has been done in the U.S. since the early 1970’s. This U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) regulated process is designed to remove and kill all shell-borne Salmonella that may have become attached to the shell due to fecal contamination from infected layers. Cleaning and disinfection (C&D) of the washing equipment between shifts is also a requirement. These processes are required by the Egg Safety Plan.

Layer flock surveillanceThe Plan targets SE specifically through its surveillance requirements for each layer flock at prescribed ages. None of the thousands of other Salmonella serotypes are monitored. If SE is found from the monitoring of the chicken’s feces, egg testing is required to determine if the flock is shedding a significant level of SE into the eggs. If there is significant shedding of SE into the eggs, then the eggs from that flock must be diverted from the shell egg market and only sold as pasteurized, broken, liquid eggs -- usually at a lower price.

If testing does not find SE in the eggs, then the flock can continue as a source of shell eggs. The egg testing process is quite expensive,

which results in a good incentive for the egg farmer to use multiple measures to combat SE specifically for the purpose of avoiding this egg testing.Cleanout, disinfection, and chick sourcingIf the flock is found to be infected with SE, the Plan also requires complete cleanout and disinfection (C&D) of the layer house between flocks. If the flock has remained negative for SE during its life, C&D is not required. It is not common to C&D layer houses between flocks for SE negative flocks.

The layer operation’s source of chicks may be another source of Salmonella infections. Under the requirements of the Plan, only chicks from breeder flocks that are tested negative for SE (under the National Poultry Improvement Plan SE Clean Program) are allowed to be used. These chicks can, however, be infected with other serotypes and still be used as layers. If in the future this is found to be a critical control point involved in reducing human infections with these serotypes from egg contamination, then it would require a specific program for the breeder flocks to avoid this situation.

Vaccination and other methods of risk controlOne specific measure egg farmers take to prevent SE in their layer flocks is vaccination. The vaccines used -- Salmonella group B live vaccines and Salmonella group D inactivated vaccine -- target SE and provide some protection against the group B serotypes of Salmonella.

To my knowledge, nearly all commercial egg farmers are utilizing such vaccination programs at present. However, it is worth noting that the vaccination programs used currently by U.S. egg farmers do not provide any known protection against S. Braenderup, a group C1 Salmonella.

As in other segments of the poultry industry, heat or chemical treatment of feed can help reduce the amount of Salmonella on farm over time. Egg farmers can also seek to reduce the prevalence and concentration of Salmonella contamination in layer feces, and hence their houses, by supporting the intestinal health of their birds with non-antibiotic, in-feed products that have been proven effective in controlling the risk of infection of a variety of Salmonella serotypes, including S. Enteriditis.

About the Author: Eric Gingerich, DVM is a Technical Service Specialist in the Poultry Division of Diamond V.

Best practicesEgg farmers need to continually evaluate their operations to reduce their risk of egg-associated salmonellosis:• Continue to comply with all the

components of the FDA Egg Safety Plan.

• Continue vaccination for SE which is normally two applications of live group B vaccine plus one inactivated vaccine application.

• Monitor the egg washing and sanitizing practices being used for processing eggs and correct any deficiencies.

• Monitor the between-shift egg washing equipment C&D process and correct any deficiencies.

• Utilize feed-delivered or in-feed

products that have been shown by reputable research to control the risk of Salmonella infection and shedding.

For more information, visit Diamond V’s Knowledge Hub blog --http://www.diamondv.com/blog/.

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It is astonishing and saddening to know that 1 out of every 6 kids in the U.S. are food insecure. This means that aside from school, they do not know where or even if they will get their next meal.

As school is going back into session, learn more about how you can contribute to your community through Drive to Feed Kids, please contact your Nutra Blend sales representative today.

DRIVE TO FEED KIDS

1 in 6 Kidsare food insecure

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DRIVE TO FEED KIDS

ORDERS SHIPPED FROM NEOSHO WAREHOUSE**STATEALABAMAARKANSASARKANSAS N.W.COLORADOFLORIDAGEORGIAILLINOISIOWAKANSASKANSAS N.E.KENTUCKYLOUISIANAMISSISSIPPIMISSOURI LOCALMISSOURI N.MISSOURI S.1MISSOURI S.E.²NEBRASKANEW MEXICON. CAROLINAOKLAHOMAOKLAHOMA W.³SOUTH CAROLINATENNESSEETEXAS

ORDER DAYTHURSDAYWEDNESDAYTUESDAYWEDNESDAYWEDNESDAYTHURSDAYMONDAYWEDNESDAYFRIDAYWEDNESDAYTHURSDAYTHURSDAYTHURSDAYTUESDAYWEDNESDAYTUESDAYTHURSDAYFRIDAYWEDNESDAYTHURSDAYMONDAYWEDNESDAYTHURSDAYTHURSDAYWEDNESDAY

LOAD DAYMONDAYFRIDAYTHURSDAYFRIDAYFRIDAYMONDAYWEDNESDAYFRIDAYTUESDAYFRIDAYMONDAYFRI/MONMONDAYTHURSDAYFRIDAYTHURSDAYMONDAYTUESDAYFRIDAYMONDAYWEDNESDAYFRIDAYMONDAYMONDAYFRIDAY

DELIVERY DAYTUE/WEDMON/TUEFRIDAYMON/TUEMON/TUETUE/WEDTHUR/FRIMON/TUEWED/THURMON/TUETUE/WEDMON/TUETUE/WEDFRIDAYMON/TUEFRIDAYTUE/WEDWED/THURMON/TUEWED/THURTHUR/FRIMON/TUEWED/THURTUE/WEDMON/TUE

1 south of interstate 442 south of hwy 34- east of hwy 673 west of hwy 183

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**CEDAR FALLS & NEOSHO WAREHOUSE NOTES:ORDER DAY: The day the order must be submitted to NB in order to meet the delivery schedule. The order must be placed prior to 5:00 pm. LOAD DAY: The day the truck is loaded and shipments are prepared DELIVERY DAY: The days in which your order is most likely to deliver.ADD ONS: Adds ons will not be allowed past order day. We will either LTL or UPS late add ons out at customers expense or put on the next scheduled route truck.

***MECHANICSBURG WAREHOUSE NOTES:ORDER DAY: The day the order must be submitted to NB in order to meet the delivery schedule. The order must be placed prior to 3:00 pm. LOAD DAY: The day the truck is loaded and shipments are prepared DELIVERY DAY: The days in which your order is most likely to deliver.

Vermont, California and Oregon trucking schedules coming soon!

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Shipping Options:1. The product can be delivered to your clinic.

This system may utilize a Nutra Blend fleet truck, or a common carrier.

2. The product can be delivered to your client’s farm or ranch directly, however the invoice is always sent to the clinic. This method of shipping utilizes common carriers. (Farms or ranches must have a dock or some way to remove product from truck)

NUTRA BLENDLOGISTICS

10

Microbial diversity — the key to gut health

The community of microorganisms in the gut, referred to as the microbiome, plays a pivotal role in nutritional, physiological and immune functions. Poor intestinal health is associated with reduced microbial diversity, increased pathogen colonization and susceptibility to infectious disease, and this can ultimately lead to poor weight gain and increased mortality.

From a nutritional standpoint, many feed supplements and products focus on regulating and supporting the gut environment and stabilizing gut microflora to boost intestinal health and decrease the animal’s susceptibility to disease. Of the functional ingredients currently in use for microbial control, mannan-oligosaccharides (MOS) are widely used in animal nutrition and have been shown to improve animal well-being, health and performance.

Most MOS products, which have been commercially available since the early 1990s, are derived from the cell wall of a species of yeast known as Saccharomyces cerevisiae. In the yeast cell wall, MOS are present in complex molecules that are linked to a protein moiety. There are two main locations of MOS in the cell wall of Saccharomyces cerevisiae: first, attached to cell wall proteins as part of –O and –N glycosyl groups, or, second, as elements of larger α-D-mannanose polysaccharides, consisting of α-(1,2)- and α-(1,3)-

D-mannose branches (from one to 5 ring structures in length), which are attached to extended α-(1,6)-D-mannose chains.

Building on the success of Bio-Mos®, its leading MOS product, Alltech launched Actigen®, a refined mannose-rich fraction (MRF). Actigen is a concentrated form of Bio-Mos designed to deliver performance benefits at a lower inclusion rate.

The effects of Actigen® supplementation on health and performance have been studied comprehensively, and these studies have revealed that Actigen® is effective at improving weight gain and feed conversion efficiencies while also supporting gut integrity and strengthening defense against pathogens (Spring et al, 2015)

Recent studies of Actigen® have particularly focused on its effects on the overall bacterial community of the poultry gut — not just specific bacteria — and such studies have shown that supplementation with Actigen® can significantly alter the intestinal microflora, the so-called microbiome of the bird. (Corrigan et al, 2015, 2016b, 2018)

Beneficial microbes form a protective barrier that lines the gut, preventing the growth of pathogenic bacteria like Salmonella, Campylobacter, Clostridia and

* Editor’s Note: Tech Talk was written by Richard Murphy, Ph.D. Research Director, Alltech Bioscience Centre, Dunboyne, Co. Meath

Microbial diversity — the key to gut health

Escherichia, among others. Disturbances in intestinal microbial diversity can result in an increased risk of pathogen colonization and enteric dysbiosis and overall decreases in health and performance. Many biotic and abiotic factors can bring about a decrease in microbial diversity, including stresses imposed by dietary changes, antibiotics, antibiotic growth promoters (AGPs) and even mycotoxins.

Commercial trial work studying Actigen® has demonstrated that gut function becomes normalized following the enhancement of the overall microbial diversity. Reproducible and consistent alterations in the cecal microbiota of broilers have been noted, resulting in an enhanced microbial diversity (Corrigan et al 2018). Essentially, Actigen® shifts the microbial balance, reducing an over-predominance of Gram-positive bacteria and rebalancing it by encouraging the growth of Gram-negative strains. The greater the diversity of the microbes, the healthier the gut, and the use of Actigen® enables the gut to “police” itself through the promotion of microbial diversity, thereby reducing issues associated with pathogen colonization.

Subsequent studies have focused on the additional benefits associated with the microbiome-potentiating effects of Actigen®. Increases in microbial diversity are well-documented as being correlated with an increased resistance to pathogen colonization. Recent research trials have demonstrated the enhancement of microbial diversity, with subsequent reductions noted in the Campylobacter load in the cecum (Corrigan et al, 2016a, 2017).

A noted drawback to the use of antibiotics is their non-specific effects on the microbiome and the associated reduction of overall microbial diversity correlated with their use. One strategy for combatting the negative effects of antibiotic use is to enhance microfloral diversity as a whole after their administration — and given its ability to do just that, Actigen® is an ideal solution for mitigating the negative consequences of diversity reduction.

When comparing MOS- and MRF-based products, the end user should understand that form defines function. Individual MOS- and MRF-based products will have widely differing compositions, and while attempts have been made to compare products based on total mannose content, studies have shown that both the extent and type of carbohydrate branching in

these products are key factors in controlling efficacy. Essentially, not all MOS or MRF products will provide the same effects.

While there is still much to learn, an MRF product like Actigen® can provide significant practical value in commercial production settings and has an added beneficial impact on consumer health and well-being.

Find more information at www.alltech.com.

References:1. Corrigan, A., Russell, N., Welge, M., Auvil, L., Bushell,

C., White, B. A. and Murphy, R. A. (2018) The use of random forests modelling to detect yeast-mannan sensitive bacterial changes in the broiler cecum Scientific Reports Vol 8, Article number: 13270 https://rdcu.be/5Q6g

2. 3. Corrigan, A., and Murphy., R. (2017). Effect of yeast

mannan-rich fractions on reducing Campylobacter concentration in broiler chickens. Journal of applied poultry research. (in press)

4. 5. Corrigan, A., and Murphy., R. (2016a). Effect of yeast

based interventions on reducing Campylobacter spp., colonisation broilers. 67th Annual Meeting of the European Federation of Animal Science, Belfast Ireland.

6. 7. Corrigan, A., and Murphy., R. (2016b). Effect of dietary

mannan-rich fractions on bacterial communities, a new approach with old data. 67th Annual Meeting of the European Federation of Animal Science, Belfast Ireland

8. 9. Corrigan,A, de leeuW, M., Penaud-Frézet, S.,

Dimova, D. and Murphy, R.A. (2015) Phylogenetic and functional alterations of bacterial community composition in the broiler caecum as a result of mannan oligosaccharide supplementation

10. Applied and Environmental Microbiology. AEM.04194-14;

11. 12. Spring, P., Wenk, C., Connolly, A., & Kiers, A. (2015).

A review of 733 published trials on Bio-Mos®, a mannan oligosaccharide, and Actigen®, a second generation mannose rich fraction, on farm and companion animals. Journal of Applied Animal Nutrition, 3, E8. doi:10.1017/jan.2015.6

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NUTRITIONAL HEALTH - Nutra Blend LLC · Pigs were weaned from a sow farm that had been affected by...

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