Nutrition Through the Life Span Pregnancy
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Transcript of Nutrition Through the Life Span Pregnancy
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NUTRITION THROUGH THE
LIFE SPAN
Pregnancy and Lactation
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Pregnancy
Before pregnancy Full nutrient tore are eential
Ha!it to eta!li" Ac"ie#e and $aintain a "ealt"y !ody %eig"t
&"ooe an ade'uate and !alanced diet
By p"yically acti#e
Recei#e regular $edical care A#oid "ar$ful in(uence
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Pregnancy
Pregnancy %eig"t Under%eig"t
Hig" ri) of lo%*!irt"%eig"t infant
+ore ri) for dieae ,- ti$e $ore li)ely to die in .rt $ont"
Long*ter$ e/ect
Ri) for o!eity 0 "ypertenion later in life
Lo%er adult I1
S"ort tature
Educational diac#antage
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Pregnancy
&aue of Lo%*Birt"%eig"t +ot"er2
Poor nutrition
Heredity
3ieae condition
S$o)ing
3rug 0 alco"ol ue
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Pregnancy
O#er%eig"t 3i4cult la!or and deli#ery5 !irt" trau$a5 and cearean ection
Increaed ri) of neural tu!e defect and ot"er defect
+o$ +ore li)ely to need la!or induced
+ore pot*partu$ "ypertenion5 infection5 0getational dia!ete
Ba!ie
Are larger
Greater ri) of "eart defect
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Pregnancy
Healt"y placenta Pregnancy nutrition i crucial
Supplie nutrient and re$o#e %ate
fro$ t"e fetu
Produce "or$one Help $aintain pregnancy and prepare for
lactation
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Pregnancy
Firt %ee) of pregnancy Fertili6ed o#u$ 76ygote8 9 !latocyt
S$o)ing5 drug a!ue5 and $alnutrition +ay lead to i$plantation failure or to
a!nor$alitie
:ee) t%o t"roug" eig"t
E$!ryo :ee) eig"t t"roug" !irt"
Fetu
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Pregnancy
&ritical Period
3e#elop$ent of eac" organ ta)eplace at a certain ti$e
E/ect of $alnutrition at a criticalperiod are irre#eri!le
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Pregnancy
E/ect of +alnutrition
Ner#ou yte$ defect of t"ee$!ryo
&"ild2 poor dental "ealt"
Adolecent2 and adult2 #ulnera!ilityto infection
Hig"er ri) of dia!ete5 "ypertenion5
tro)e5 or "eart dieae
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Pregnancy
Succeful pregnancy ;< to ,= %ee)
Infant %eig"ing !et%een >?= and @?
pound
Energy re'uire$ent Second tri$eter C eDtra ;,- )calorieday
T"ird tri$eterC eDtra ,- )calorieday
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Pregnancy
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Pregnancy
Ot"er dietary conideration A$ple car!o"ydrateC @ gra$day
Fi!erC alle#iate contipation
ProteinC
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Pregnancy
ita$in 35 calciu$5 p"op"oru5$agneiu$5 and (ouride Needed for de#eloping fetal !one and
teet"
&alciu$ inta)e le#el &oner#e $ot"er2 !one $a %"ile
upplying fetal need
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Pregnancy
Iron reco$$endation Prior and during pregnancy
&"ooe food t"at upply "e$e iron
Select additional iron*ric" ource &onu$e food t"at en"ance iron a!orption
Fetu2 iron need regulated !y t"eplacenta Gi#en priority o#er t"oe of $ot"er
3aily $ulti#ita$in*$ineralupple$ent
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Pregnancy
:eig"t gain during pregnancy Reco$$ended range for opti$al
outco$e
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Pregnancy
:eig"t lo after pregnancy cu$ulati#e %eig"t gain !et a#oided !yC
Healt"y %eig"t prior to .rt pregnancy
+aintaining "ealt"y %eig"t !et%eenpregnancie
P"yical acti#ity
&ontinue eDercie t"roug"out pregnancy &"ooe Jlo% i$pactK acti#itie
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Pregnancy
&o$$on nutrition*related concern Food cra#ing and food a#erion
Pica
+orning ic)ne
Heart!urn
contipation
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Pregnancy
Pro!le$ in pregnancy Aided !y "ealt"care and nutritional
$eaure PreeDiting dia!ete Getational dia!ete
&"ronic or getational "ypertenion
preecle$pia
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Pregnancy
Practice to a#oid &igarette $o)ing
3rug a!ue
En#iron$ental conta$inant
&a/eine
alco"ol
:"at are o$e ot"er "ar$fulpractice to a#oid
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Pregnancy
E/ect of Alco"ol
Fetal alco"ol yndro$e 7FAS8 Irre#eri!le !rain da$age
+ental retardation
Facial a!nor$alitie
iion a!nor$alitie
No a$ount i afe
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Pregnancy
Adolecent pregnancy +ore li)ely to $o)e during pregnancy
+ot"er younger t"an > year of age Bear $ore infant %"o die %it"in t"e .rt
year t"an do %o$en in any ot"er age group
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Lactation
Breatfeeding
Reco$$endation EDclui#e !reatfeeding for > $ont"
T"en !reatfeeding %it" co$ple$entaryfood t"roug" < $ont"
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Nutrition 3uring Lactation
Energy EDtra ;;- )calday and @- )cal for$ fat
tore
Gradual %eig"t lo
Ho% i $il) production a/ected !ynutritional depri#ation
:aterC a!out ; cupday
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Lactation
&ontraindication to !reatfeeding Alco"ol
To!acco and ca/eine
+edication and illicit drug
+aternal illne
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BIBLIOGRAPHM
3eBruyne5 L? ?5 Pinna5 ?5 :"itney5E?5 Nutrition and 3iet T"erapyCPrinciple and Practice?