Nutrition in North Korea: It’s not just about food
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Nutrition in North Korea: It’s not just about food
Randall IresonAmerican Friends Service Committee
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Famine and Food Aid
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“A hungry child knows no politics.”
Ronald Regan
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“A hungry child knows no politics, but every hungry child is a victim of politics.”
Erich Weingartner
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Precipitating Factors:
FloodFlood
Drought
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Mass gymnastics show glorifying the Sun, Kim Il Sung (2005)
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‘Arirang’ Mass Gymnastics Performance
(2002)
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• Stunting: Low height for age
=Chronic malnutrition
• Wasting: Low weight for height
=Acute malnutrition
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Malnutrition Rates in DPRK Children aged 25-84 months
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
stunting wasting
1998
20022004
1998
2002 2004
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Distribution of Stunting, All children under 7 years. 2002 and 2004 data
2002
2004
Normal distribution
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Causes = Policy Choices
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Rice Paddies North of Anju
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Harrowing a Rice Paddy
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The “Rural Technical Revolution”
• Mechanization
• Chemicalization
• Irrigation
• Electrification
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Great Leader Kim Il Sung Teaches About Agriculture
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Fertilizer Use and Food Production in DPRK, 1989 - 2004
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
year
fert
ilize
r (1
000
ton
s) a
nd
gra
in p
rod
uct
ion
(10
,000
t e
qu
ival
ent)
Food production
Fertilizer use
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Lessons for Us
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Crisis as Opportunity
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Food Production vs Need in DPRK
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1000
2000
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7000
8000
1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
Year
Gra
in e
qu
iva
len
t 1
00
0 t
on
s
grain production
minimum grain need
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- A new food security
Local, sustainable agriculture systems
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Five feasible changes
Raise rice yield from 4.0 to 6.0 T/ha, and cut post-harvest loss to 5%.
Raise corn yield from 3.5 to 5 T/ha, and farm only half the current area.
Grow soybean in rotation on half the corn fields, and raise yield from 1.2 to 2.2 T/ha.
Halve the area in double crops – which are not sustainable.
Raise average yields of other small grains (wheat, etc) from 2.0 to 3.0 T/ha
--- Would meet 98% of calorie need, and 102% of protein need
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Item units neededtotal cost
($ million)
green manure seed 7000 tons 11
50 hp tractors 19000 95
small farm equipment 35500 47
small irrigation systems 240000 ha 167
farm trucks 6300 100
subtotal 420
administration and technical assistance 420
total 840
Estimated Investment for Sustainable Agriculture System in DPRK
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Wind Turbines such as these can be used in DPRK
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Extolling the Advantage of Raising Ostriches
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Mass Gymnastics Praising Modern Poultry Farming
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