Nutrition
description
Transcript of Nutrition
•HOW MUCH OR LITTLE DO YOU KNOW?
Nutrition
Vocabulary
Nutrition – The sum of the processes by which humans, animals, and plants consume and use food.
Nutrient – the substances that enrich the body. They are used to build and repair tissues, regulate body processes and are converted to and used as energy.
Calorie – a unit of energy produced by food.
ProteinsNutrient that is needed for growth, and to build
and repair body tissue.The building blocks that make up proteins are
Amino Acids. The body needs 20 amino acids to function properly,
however your body can only produce 11 of these. The other nine we get from out diet and they are referred to as Essential Amino Acids.
2 types of proteins – complete and incomplete Complete Proteins – a protein that contains all the
essential amino acids. (fish, poultry, milk, eggs) Incomplete Protein – a protein that does not contain all of
the essential amino acids. (grains, legumes, nuts & seeds)
Carbohydrates
Main source of energy for the body. (sugars, starches and fiber)
Body can only store a limited amount of them. Excess carbs are stored as fat.
Two types: Simple – sugars that enter the bloodstream rapidly and
provide quick energy. (calories but few vitamins and minerals)
Complex – starches and fibers. Starches – made and stored in most plants. Provides long
lasting energyGlucose – complex carbs are changed into glucose
through the process of digestion. They provide energy and heat to cells.
Carbohydrates Continued
Glycogen – stored in the muscles and provides energyFiber – part of grain and plant food that cannot be
digested. Helps moves through the body. Two types:
Insoluble – bind with water to help produce bowl movements
Soluble – helps to reduce cholesterol.
Fats
Nutrient that provides energy and helps store and use vitamins. Two types Saturated – found in dairy products, meat & poultry.
Contribute to the level of cholesterol (fat-like substance made by the body and found in certain foods)
Unsaturated – obtained from plant products and fish. Trans-fatty acids – fatty acids that are formed
when vegetable oils are processed into solid fats (margarine or shortening). This process is called hydrogenation (makes the liquid oils more solid, more stable and less greasy tasting)
Vitamins
Nutrient that helps the body use carbohydrates, proteins, and fats.
Provides no energy to the body, but helps unleash energy stored in carbs, protein, and fats.
Two types: Fat-soluble – dissolves in fat and can be stored in the
body ( A, D, E and K) Water-soluble – dissolves in water and cannot be
stored in the body in significant amounts (C & B)
Minerals
Nutrient that regulates many chemical reactions in the body.
Naturally occurring inorganic substances.Small amounts of some are essential in
metabolism and nutrition. Two types: equally important
Macro – required in amounts greater than 100 mg. (calcium, sodium)
Trace – needed in very small amounts. (iron, zinc)
Water
Involved with all body processes.Makes up the basic part of blood, helps with
waste removal, regulates body temp, and cushions the spinal cord and joints.
Makes up 60% of body mass. Carries nutrients to all body cells an waste
products from the cells to the kidneys. Dehydration – condition in the which the water
content of the body has fallen extremely low. Diuretic – product that increases the amount of
urine excreted. They dehydrate you (Soda)
CARBOHYDRATE = 4 CALORIES PER GRAM
FAT = 9 CALORIES PER GRAM
PROTEIN= 4 CALORIES PER GRAM
Sources of Energy
Recommended Daily Intake
Nutrient Unit of Measure Daily ValuesTotal Fat Grams (g) 65 gSaturated Fat Grams (g) 20gCholesterol Milligrams (mg) 300 gSodium Milligrams (mg) 2400 mgPotassium Milligrams (mg) 3500 mgTotal Carbohydrates Grams (g) 300 gFiber Grams (g) 25 gProtein Grams (g) 50 g
* Based on a 2000 Calorie Intake; for Adults and Children 4 or More Years of Age
Assignment Links
•http://www.fastfoodnutrition.org/calc1.phpCalorie burner counter:http://www.freedieting.com/tools/calorie_calculator.htm (estimated daily caloric needs)http://www.caloriesperhour.com/index_burn.php (running)http://www.caloriesperhour.com/index_burn.php (walking)
Nutrition
Appetite – the psychological desire for food.Ex. The smell of fresh baked bread…might make you crave a
piece of toast, even if you are not hungry.Hunger – the body’s physical need for food.Empty Calories- foods that offer few, if any,
nutrients but do supply calories. Ex. alcohol, candy, fried foods
Nutrition
Breakfast means “break the fast”. Your body has been fasting without food for several hours while you sleep.
Your body is running out of energy during this time.
Eating a healthy breakfast will kick start your Metabolism giving you energy and making you more alert
Metabolism- the rate at which food is converted into energy in body cells.
• MOST IMPORTANT MEAL OF THE DAY!!!!!
CALORIES CONSUMED = ENERGY
CALORIES OR ENERGY THAT WE DO NOT USE DURING
DAILY ACTIVITIES ARE STORED AS FAT!
Nutrition
Eating Disorder
An extreme and damaging eating behavior that can lead to sickness and even death.
Anorexia Nervosa
An eating disorder characterized by self-starvation leading to extreme weight loss.
effort to gain control over their lifecan lead to death
ex. heart failure, kidney failure etc.
Bulimia Nervosa
A condition in which a person eats large amounts of food and then secretly purges.
Anorexia vs. Bulimia
Anorexia Often females age 14-18 Very thin Deny their behavior Deny they are hungry Withdraw from others Females do not have
menstrual periods Resist treatment
Bulimia Often females age 15-24 May have normal weight Are aware of their
behavior and feel guilty, but cannot change
Recognize they are hungry and want to eat
May be outgoing and social Females may have
irregular menstrual periods
More likely to get help when confronted
Binge Eating
Compulsive overeating-eating when you are not even hungry-eating to the point where you are
uncomfortable -hiding food-obesity