Nutritionjmrsofoodscience.weebly.com/uploads/8/1/0/1/81014550/nutrition.pdf · Healthy Diet •A...
Transcript of Nutritionjmrsofoodscience.weebly.com/uploads/8/1/0/1/81014550/nutrition.pdf · Healthy Diet •A...
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NutritionJMRSO 2017 – FOOD SCIENCE
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What is nutrition?
•Nutrition is the science that interprets the interaction of nutrients and other substances in food in relation to maintenance, growth, reproduction, and health of an organism
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Healthy Diet
• A healthy diet includes preparation of food and storage method that preserve nutrients from oxidation, heat, or leaching, and that reduce the risk of foodborne illness
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Poor Diet
• A poor diet may cause health problems, causing deficiency disease, health threatening conditions, and common chronic systematic diseases
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Macronutrients
• Prove the bulk energy an organism’s metabolic system needs to function while micronutrients provide the necessary cofactors for metabolism to be carried out• Ex. Carbohydrates, Fats, Proteins
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Micronutrients
• Nutrients required by organisms throughout life in small quantities to orchestrate a range of physiological functions
• Include dietary trace minerals in amounts less than 100 mg per day
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Micronutrients (cont.)
• Aka trace elements
• Include iron, cobalt, copper, iodine, manganese, zinc, and selenium
• Also include vitamins which are organic compounds required as nutrients in trace amounts
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Micronutrients (cont.)
•Used to build and repair tissues and to regulate body processes
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Nutrient Intake
• Plants take in nutrients directly from soil through their roots and from the atmosphere through their leaves
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Nutrient Intake (cont.)
• Animals and protists have specialized digestive systems that work to break down macronutrients for energy and utilize micronutrients for both metabolism and anabolism
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Essential Nutrients
• Unable to be synthesized internally, and so must be consumed by an organism from its environment
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Essential Nutrients (cont.)
• Include essential fatty acids, essential amino acids, vitamins, and certain dietary minerals
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Essential Nutrients (cont.)
•No essential carbohydrates since animals can synthesize all the types of carbohydrates needed of growth
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Essential Nutrients (cont.)
• Can derive energy from a wide variety of fats, carbohydrates, proteins, and simple chemicals such as ethanol and acetic acid(vinegar)
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Non-Essential Nutrients
• Substances within food that can still have a significant impact on health, whether beneficial or toxic
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Non-Essential Nutrients (cont.)
• Ex. Most dietary fiber is not absorbed by the human digestive tract, but it is important in maintaining the bulk of a bowel movement
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Non-Essential Nutrients (cont.)
•Nutrients that can be made by the body and may often also be absorbed from consumed food
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Non-Essential Nutrients (cont.)
•Majority of animals ultimately derive their essential nutrients from plants, though some may consume mineral-based soils to supplement their diet
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Nutrients in Grains
• Grains are important sources of many nutrients, including dietary fiber, several B vitamins (thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, and folate), and minerals (iron, magnesium, and selenium)
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Nutrients in Grains (cont.)
• Dietary fiber from whole grains and other food may help reduce blood cholesterol levels and may lower risk of heart disease, obesity, and type 2 diabetes
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Nutrients in Grains (cont.)
• The B vitamins thiamin, riboflavin, and niacin play a key role in metabolism
• They help the body release energy from protein, fat, and carbohydrates
• Essential for a healthy nervous system
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Nutrients in Grains (cont.)
• Folate (folic acid), another B vitamin, helps the body form red blood cells
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Nutrients in Grains (cont.)
• Women who may become pregnant should have an addition 400 µg
• Reduces risk of neural tubes defects, spina bifida, and anencephaly during fetal development
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Nutrients in Grains (cont.)
• Iron is used to carry oxygen in the blood
• Many teenage girls and women have iron-deficiency anemia
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Nutrients in Grains (cont.)
• Vitamin C can improve absorption of non-heme iron (iron found in meat)
• Whole and enriched refined grain products are major sources of non-heme iron in American diets
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Nutrients in Grains (cont.)
• Whole grains are sources of magnesium and selenium
• Magnesium is a mineral used in building bones and releasing energyfrom muscles
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Nutrients in Grains (cont.)
• Selenium protects cells from oxidation
• It is also important for a healthy immune system