Nursing care of patients with needs Nursing care of patients with needs interferences related to anxietyinterferences related to anxiety

• 1.Definition of anexiety disorders.• 2.Ethiology and statistic of anexiety disorders.• 3.Types of anexiety disorders.• 4. Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD)• 5.Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD)• 6.Panic Disorder (PD)• 7.Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)• 8.Social Anxiety Disorder (Social Phobia)• 9.Specific Phobias

• 10.Payment for anexiaty disorders.

• 11.Treatment of anexiaty disorders.

• 12.10 Happiness Beliefs.

Definition of Anxiety Disorders:Definition of Anxiety Disorders:

• Disorders in which anxiety (persistent feelings of apprehension, tension, or uneasiness) is the predominant disturbance.

• can disrupt a person's ability to concentrate and cause hyperventilation, a racing heart, chest pains, dizziness, panic, and extreme fear

Ethiology and statisticEthiology and statistic

Anxiety disorders may develop from a complex set of risk factors, including genetics, brain chemistry, personality, and life events.

An estimated 40 million adult Americans suffer from anxiety disorders.

Anxiety disorders are highly treatable, yet only about one-third of those suffering from an anxiety disorder receive treatment.

Types of anxiety disorders:Types of anxiety disorders:

• Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD)

• Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD)

• Panic Disorder (PD)

• Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)

• Social Anxiety Disorder (Social Phobia)

• Specific Phobias

GeneralizedGeneralized AnxietyAnxiety DisorderDisorder (GAD) (GAD)..

• GAD is characterized by excessive, unrealistic worry that lasts six months or more; in adults, the anxiety may focus on issues such as health, money, or career. In addition to chronic worry, GAD symptoms include trembling, muscular aches, insomnia, abdominal upsets, dizziness, and irritability.

ObsessiveObsessive--CompulsiveCompulsive DisorderDisorder (OCD) (OCD)..

• In OCD, individuals are plagued by persistent, recurring thoughts (obsessions) that reflect exaggerated anxiety or fears; typical obsessions include worry about being contaminated or fears of behaving improperly or acting violently.

ObsessiveObsessive--CompulsiveCompulsive DisorderDisorder (OCD) (OCD)..

• The obsessions may lead an individual to perform a ritual or routine (compulsions)-such as washing hands, repeating phrases or hoarding-to relieve the anxiety caused by the obsession

PanicPanic DisorderDisorder..

• People with panic disorder suffer severe attacks of panic-which may make them feel like they are having a heart attack or are going crazy-for no apparent reason.

PanicPanic DisorderDisorder..

• Symptoms include heart palpitations, chest pain or discomfort, sweating, trembling, tingling sensations, feeling of choking, fear of dying, fear of losing control, and feelings of unreality.

PanicPanic DisorderDisorder..

• Panic disorder often occurs with agoraphobia, in which people are afraid of having a panic attack in a place from which escape would be difficult, so they avoid these places.

PosttraumaticPosttraumatic StressStress DisorderDisorder (PTSD) (PTSD)..

• PTSD can follow an exposure to a traumatic event such as a sexual or physical assault, witnessing a death, the unexpected death of a loved one, or natural disaster.

Main symptoms of PTSD:Main symptoms of PTSD:

• "relieving" of the traumatic event (such as flashbacks and nightmares);

• avoidance behaviors (such as avoiding places related to the trauma) ;

•

• emotional numbing (detachment from others);

• and physiological arousal such difficulty sleeping, irritability or poor concentration

SocialSocial AnxietyAnxiety DisorderDisorder ( (SocialSocial PhobiaPhobia))..

• SAD is characterized by extreme anxiety about being judged by others or behaving in a way that might cause embarrassment or ridicule. This intense anxiety may lead to avoidance behavior. Physical symptoms associated with this disorder include heart palpitations, faintness, blushing and profuse sweating.

SpecificSpecific phobiasphobias..

• People with specific phobias suffer from an intense fear reaction to a specific object or situation (such as spiders, dogs, or heights); the level of fear is usually inappropriate to the situation, and is recognized by the sufferer as being irrational. This inordinate fear can lead to the avoidance of common, everyday situations.

• Anxiety disorders are highly treatable with psychosocial therapies, medication, or both

Principles of treatment of anexiaty Principles of treatment of anexiaty disordersdisorders

Psycho-social treatments used in the treatment of anxiety disorders include cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), exposure therapy, anxiety management and relaxation therapies, and psychotherapy.

Drugs used to treat anxiety disorders include selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), tricyclic antidepressants, benzodiazepines, beta blockers, and monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs).

Combination therapies are often utilized.

• Misdiagnosis and undertreatment of anxiety disorders costs the nation billions of dollars annually

Payment for anexiety disordersPayment for anexiety disorders

Anxiety disorders cost the U.S. more than $42 billion a year, according to "The Economic Burden of Anxiety Disorders," a study commissioned by the ADAA and based on data gathered by the association and published in the Journal of Clinical Psychiatry.

More than $22.84 billion is associated with the repeated use of healthcare services, as those with anxiety disorders seek relief for symptoms that mimic physical illnesses.

People with an anxiety disorder are three-to-five times more likely to go to the doctor and six times more likely to be hospitalized for psychiatric disorders than non-sufferers.

Treatment of Anxiety Disorders:Treatment of Anxiety Disorders:

• Drugs and Prescriptions

• Herbal Supplements

• Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT)

Drugs and Prescriptions of Drugs and Prescriptions of Anxiety disorders:Anxiety disorders:

• are currently approved in the U.S. by the FDA:1.Valium,2. Xanax,3. Prozac,4. Paxil, 5.Lexapro,6. Librium,7. BuSpar,8. Ativan, 9.Zoloft.

Valium, Xanax,Valium, Xanax, and Librium and Librium

• are in the sedative category known as Benzodizepines. Valium was first widely prescribed in the 1960s during the peak of baby-boom motherhood. Valium became known as "mother's little helper," but also created something of widespread addiction among the middle class. Valium is prescribed less often today. Both Valium (and Lithium) have proven to be addictive.

XanaxXanax (Alprazolam) and Ativan (Alprazolam) and Ativan (Lorazepam)(Lorazepam)

• are more today's anxiety sedative medications of choice for GAD, SAD, and anxiety disorders. Xanax and Ativan also carry addictive qualities. Your physician will closely monitor your use of Xanax. Using Xanax (Ativan, Valium and other Benzodizepines) for those who are deeply depressed is not recommended.

BuSparBuSpar

• BuSpar (Busparone) is in the newer Azaspirone category and prescribed for Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD.) BuSpar is of the newest approved anti-anxiety medications

Prozac, Paxil, Lexapro, and Prozac, Paxil, Lexapro, and ZoloftZoloft

• are all SSRI antidepressants. Prozac was the first popular SSRI on the market in the 80s, Paxil next, then Zoloft. (As other competitors came along, Prozac became less prescribed. Although Prozac is more known as an anti-depressant, it has been widespread in its use as an anti-anxiety medication.

• There are not necessarily habit forming qualities to Prozac but there are many known side-effects.) It is not recommended to suddenly stop using SSRI medications, especially Prozac and Paxil.

Herbal SupplementsHerbal Supplements

• Non-drug therapy includes Herbal Supplements known to help with anxiety disorders, regular exercise, healthy diet, and a healthy attitude

• Herbs have been used to help with physical and mental health for thousands of years. Herbal supplements are the precursor to modern prescription medications. Millions of people around the world still utilize herbs and natural substances to cure a variety of ills, with wondrous effects.

Why are Herbals Effective?Why are Herbals Effective?

• Many of the compounds in herbal supplements provide or mimic the same reactions that prescription drugs do. They are a natural alternative to the synthetic prescription medications.

• "Herbal supplements work for many individuals with anxiety disorders and stress problems because they enable a physical relaxation effect that subsequently allows the mind to slow down, clear up, and think more rationally," according to Dr. David L. Thomas, Whitford-Thomas Group, Tampa FL.

PureCalm

• concentrated tincture formula that facilitates rapid absorption into the blood stream, resulting in almost instant relief.

• Because of its fast action, a calming effect is felt within about 5 minutes.

Triple Complex Mood Tonic

• Ensure systemic balance of biochemic tissue salts in the body Optimize health at the cellular level Relieve symptoms of disease Restore health and vitality Safely treat a wide range of symptoms without side effects

Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy

• Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT), was developed by Dr. Albert Ellis in 1955. It has since flourished and spawned a variety of other cognitive-behavior therapies. REBT's effectiveness, short-term nature, and low cost are major reasons for its popularity.

Principles of REBTPrinciples of REBT

• You are responsible for your own emotions and actions, Your harmful emotions and dysfunctional behaviors are the product of your irrational thinking, You can learn more realistic views and, with practice, make them a part of you, You'll experience a deeper acceptance of yourself and greater satisfactions in life by developing a reality-based perspective

10 Happiness Beliefs

• 1. Don’t blame others for making you unhappy. Take responsibility for making yourself happy.

• 2. Give yourself permission to make yourself happy-even if in so doing, others make themselves unhappy.

• 3. Make time for yourself to do things which bring you pleasure and enjoyment in the short-term.

10 Happiness Beliefs

• Do things for others and your community without expecting anything back in return.

• 5. Sacrifice short-term pleasures and put up with short-term discomforts in order to achieve longer-term gains.

• 6. Accept the fallibility of others and yourself.

• 7. Don’t take things personally.

10 Happiness Beliefs

• 8. Take a chance even when you might fail at things at work or in your personal relationships.

• 9. Don't become overly-concerned with what people think about you and what you are doing.

• 10. See uncertainty as a challenge-do not be afraid of it.

ConclusionsConclusions

• 1. Anexiety disorders- disorders in which anxiety is the predominant disturbance.

• 2. They develop from a complex set of risk factors, including genetics, brain chemistry, personality, and life events.

ConclusionsConclusions

• 3.Types of anexiaty disorders:

a)Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD)

b)Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD)

c)Panic Disorder (PD)

d)Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)

e)Social Anxiety Disorder (Social Phobia)

f)Specific Phobias

ConclusionsConclusions

• 4. Treatment of anexiaty disorders includes

drugs ,herbal supplements and

rational emotive behavior therapy (REBT)