Nucleotides -complex of 5c sugar, phosphate group, N-base Functions: some act as indiv molecules Ex....
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Transcript of Nucleotides -complex of 5c sugar, phosphate group, N-base Functions: some act as indiv molecules Ex....
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Nucleotides-complex of 5c sugar, phosphate group, N-base
Functions: some act as indiv molecules
Ex. ATP- the cell’s energy currency
Intro to Nucleic Acids
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Molecular Structure of a DNA Nucleotide
Other nucleotides serve as monomers of nucleic acids (DNA and RNA)
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DNA nitrogenous bases
RNA nitrogenous bases
Purines (2 rings)• Adenine• GuaninePyrimidines (1 ring)• Cytosine• Thymine
Purines (2 rings)• Adenine• GuaninePyrimidines (1 ring)• Cytosine• Uracil
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_____ are polymers of nucleotides that transmit or store the hereditary
information of the cell.
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Base Pair Rules
What holds the strands together?
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There are two nucleic acids:
DNA or Deoxyribonucleic Acid
RNA or Ribonucleic Acid
• Chromosomes in the nucleus of the cell• Double stranded molecule• Shaped like a spiral staircase, Double Helix• Dictates the primary structure of proteins
• Replicated from DNA• Single stranded molecule• Involved in protein synthesis in our cells• May be found in nucleus or cytoplasm
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Which group of large, hydrophobic biological molecules are not
macromolecules?
Functions: energy-storage, waterproofing, make up the bulk of cell membranes, and hormones
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Categories of Lipids
- Fats (and Oils)
Fats are composed of 2 things:
1. Fatty acids- long chains of H and C with a COOH group
2. Glycerol backbone- 3C alcohol
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Saturated and Unsaturated Fatty Acids
*The types of fatty acids a fat contains will dictate its characteristics.
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Saturated vs. Unsaturated Fatty acids
Saturated fatty acids:the hydrocarbon “tail” holds as many H atoms as possible, it consists of all single bonds.Ex. bacon grease and butterUnsaturated fatty acids:the hydrocarbon “tail” does not hold as many H atoms as possible, it contains at least 1 double bond.
Ex. Olive oil and canola oil
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2. Glycerol backbone- 3C alcohol
-3 fatty acids attach to it to form a fat
Triglyceride
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Fat Free?????
Olestra is described as a huge lipid with 5 fatty acid tails.
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Phospholipids
-Glycerol backbone, 2 tails, and PO4 head
-Head, hydrophilic and Tails, hydrophobic-Therefore they are Amphipathic
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Phospholipids make up Cell Membranes
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Waxes- long fatty acid chains linked to alcohol chains or C rings.
-Function: protection and prevents water loss
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Steroids are lipids with 4 carbon rings
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Fat Soluble Vitamins
Vitamin A Light reception, Epithelial maintenance
Vitamin D Increases Ca absorption, Promotes bone growth
Vitamin E Prevents cellular damage, Antioxidant
Vitamin K Important in blood clotting