Nsf Environmental-power Point

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MarineTech

2009-2011

Dr. Alok Verma Lean Institute - ODU

Environmental Issues in ShipOperations and Ship Building

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Model Description and Goals

This module offers students an opportunity to:

Learn the environmental hazards associated withShipbuilding , Repair and Ship Operations, and how can

these hazards be avoided.

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Contents Introduction 05 min

Major Sources of Pollution

Ballast Water 15 min

Exhaust Emissions 05 min Oil Spills 10 min

- Oil Spill Hands-on Activity 35 min

Other Pollutants 05 min

Safety Issues in Ship Operation 05 min

- Hands-on Activity 30 min

Safety Issues in Ship Building and Ship repair 05 min

- Hands-on Activity 30 min

3Total 2hrs 25 min


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Introduction

Spills from oil tankers

and chemical tankers

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Release of harmful gaseslike Sulfur dioxide,

Nitrogen dioxide, and

Carbon dioxide into the

atmosphere

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Introduction

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Ships create noise

pollution that disturbnatural wildlife

Water from ballast tanks

can spread harmful algae

and other species

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Introduction

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Major Sources of Pollution during ShipOperation

Ballast Water

Exhaust Emissions

Oil Spills

Other Pollutants

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Ships use ballast water to provide stability

during a voyage. Water is taken in at one port

when cargo is unloaded and usually

discharged at another port when the ship is

loaded with cargo

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Ballast Water

http://massbay.mit.edu/resources/pdf/ballast-treat.pdf


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Ballast Water

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Figure illustrates how ballast water exchange occurs:

Ship leaves a port in the Indian Ocean

Travels through the Suez Canal

Discharges cargo in the Mediterranean and takes up ballast water prior to

crossing the Atlantic Ocean

Similarly at the other locations

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Example of Mid Ocean Exchange of Ballast Water



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Dr. Alok Verma Lean Institute - ODU 11

Criteria for Selecting a Treatment Method forBallast Water

Safety of the crew and passengers Effectiveness at removing target organisms

Ease of operating treatment equipment

Size and expense of treatment equipment

Amount of potential damage to the environment


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Treatment of Ballast Water

Chemicals may be used to treat ballast water and prevent the

introduction of non-native species.

Biocide: A chemical such as bleach that kills organisms.

Ozone: Presence is important in our upper atmosphere, where

it shields us from harmful ultraviolet rays. It is also used for

killing organisms.

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Heat Treatment of Ballast Water

1. Sea water is pumped in to flush ballast tanks.

2. The sea water is heated (shown in a darker shade) by freshwater used to cool the ships

engines.

3. The heated sea water is pumped into the ballast tanks, killing many of the organisms.

4. The treated ballast water is pumped overboard.


Flush Tank


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How Do We Avoid Ballast Tanks ?

University of Michigan researchers are investigating a radical new

design for cargo ships that would eliminate ballast tanks, the water-

filled compartments that enable non-native creatures to sneak into

the Great Lakes from overseas

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Dr. Alok Verma Lean Institute - ODU 15http://michigantoday.umich.edu/2008/04/ballast.php


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Ships take on ballast water for stability when they're not carrying cargo. They

discharge ballast water when they load freight, expelling tons of water with

pathogenic microbes, and fish

http://michigantoday.umich.edu/2008/04/ballast.php


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The ballast-free design allows water to flow into "trunks" inside the ship's hull, and

then to pass out through outlets at the stern. Because the water inside the hull is

always "local," ships will not transport invasive species along with their ballast water

http://michigantoday.umich.edu/2008/04/ballast.php


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1. Name any two methods of Water Treatments for Ballast Water

1. _________________________________________________

2. _________________________________________________

2. List any two Criteria for Selecting a Water Treatment Method

1. _________________________________________________

2. _________________________________________________

3. Will the new innovative design of having trunks to pass the water

work? Explain

_____________________________________________________

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1. Name any two Water Treatment Methods for Ballast Water

1. Chemical Treatment

2. Heat Treatment

2. List any two criteria for selecting a Water Treatment Method

1. Safety of the crew and passengers

2. Effectiveness at removing target organisms

3. Ease of operating treatment equipment

4. Size and expense of treatment equipment

5. Amount of potential damage to the environment

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Exhaust Emissions

Exhaust emissions from ships

are considered to be a

significant source of air

pollution

Nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide

and carbon dioxide are the main

emissions

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Sulfur in the air creates acid

rain which damages crops and

buildings

When inhaled the sulfur is

known to cause respiratory

problems and even increase the

risk of a heart attack

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Exhaust Emissions

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Effect of Acid Rain

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Trees burnt by acid rain

http://www.supergreenme.com/go-green-environment-eco:Acid-Rain


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Global WarmingThe greenhouse effect is

the rise in temperature that

the Earth experiencesbecause certain gases in

the atmosphere (water

vapor, carbon dioxide,

nitrous oxide, and

methane, for example) trapenergy from the sun.

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http://www.americaisawesome.com/wp-content/uploads/2007/10/global_warming.jpg

Upsala Glacier, Argentina 1928 / 2004


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Oil Spills

Oil spills happen whenan oil tanker, oil rig or an

off shore structure leaks

oil into the ocean

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When an oil spill

occurs, the oil forms a

millimeter-thick slick

that floats on the water

The oil eventually

spreads out, thinning as

it does, until it becomesa widespread sheen on

the water

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Oil Spills

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The following are the

equipments used for

cleaning the oil spill

Booms

Skimmers

Dispersants

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How Do We Clean Up Oil Spills

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Exxon Valdez Oil Spill Cleanup


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BoomsBooms (or Oil Containment

Booms) are floating devices which

may have one or more of the

following functions in connectionwith oil spill response on water:

Deflecting oil to prevent oil slick

from reaching sensitive areas Containment of oil (for instance for

later recovery by a skimmer)

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Use of booms to contain the spill

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SkimmersAn oil skimmer is a device

which can be used to recover

floating oil from (or near) the

surface of water.

A skimmer may be

free floating

side mounted on a vessel

built into a vessel held by a crane

held by hand

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Example of Skimmers which provide a quick response tooil spills

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Natural dispersion of an oil slick occurs when waves and

other turbulence at the sea surface cause all or part of theslick to break up into droplets and enter into the water

column.

The addition of dispersants is intended to accelerate thisnatural process.

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Dispersants

i h


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Hands-on Activity - 1Oil Spill Cleanup

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M i T h


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Instructions

Wear safety gloves before starting the experiment

Contain the oil Spill using the boom you

prepared and use different materials given

to clean up the oil

Complete the hand out given to you and

discuss your results with the other groups

Prepare the boom to contain the oil before it spreads

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3

M i T h


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Black water is sewage, waste water from toilets and

medical facilities, which can contain harmful bacteria,

pathogens, and viruses

Gray water is wastewater from the sinks, showers,

laundry, and cleaning activities aboard a ship

Solid waste generated on a ship includes glass, paper,

cardboard, aluminum and steel cans, and plastics

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Other Pollutants

M i T h


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BREAK

5 minutes

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Safety Issues During Ship Operation

Having the proper safety equipment on board is very important

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Safety Symbols Found on Ships

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Fire Extinguisher : used to

put out fire

Lifebuoy: is a life savingbuoy designed to be thrown to

a person in the water

Child Life Jacket : to keep

afloat with his or her face

above the water surface whenin or on water

Caution sign placed in

areas where the risk of

electrical shock is

dangerously high.

First Aid kit

Noisy machinery and requirehearing protection gear

Survival craft portable

radio and rescue boat

Embarkation Ladder

MarineTech
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Safety Symbols Found on Cargo Ships

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Radioactive Cargo

Biohazard Cargo

Poisonous Cargo

Flammable Cargo

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Hands-on Activity2Safety Issues in Ship Operation

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The game should be played in groups of 5

If you land on a safety symbol, read aloud what thesymbol indicates to your group and follow the instructions

given.

The team which reaches the life boat first wins.

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Instructions

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Identify the Safety Issues in Ship Operation

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BREAK

5 minutes

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Safety Issues in Ship Building and Ship Repair

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Hazards in Shipbuilding and Ship RepairThe processes listed below include many of the major activities that occur

during shipbuilding and ship repair. Each of the process provides a

description of the process and associated hazards

Dry Docking and Launching

Fabricating and Repairing Large Structural Components

Handling Large Materials

Outfitting (also called "fitting out") Painting

Surface Preparation and Descaling

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http://www.osha.gov/SLTC/shipbuildingrepair/hazards.html

OSHA (Occupational Safetyand Health Administration)

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In dry docking, a ship is

removed from the water to

enable work to be performedon the exterior part of the ship

below the waterline.

Ships are constructed on dry

docks. In launching, the new or

repaired ship is either floated in

place or slid from its berth.

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Injuries associated with

overturning ship during drydocking and launching

operations can be avoided

by the following Safety

Equipments

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keel blocks

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Safety Equipment to Avoid Hazards

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Helmet

Safety Harness

Hand Gloves

Safety Shoes

Apron

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Fabricating and Repairing Large StructuralComponents

Structural steel plates or aluminum plates are fabricated

and assembled to form the ship

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Equipment Required:

1. Sheet Metal Equipment

2. Welding Equipment3. Cutting Equipment

Identify which safety

equipments are

needed for each of

these processes

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Fire ExtinguisherWelding Head Shield

Safety Harness Hand GlovesSafety Shoes

Apron

Respiratory Mask

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Handling Large Equipments

This process includes moving large

steel plates, erection units, diesel

engines, etc.

Large cranes are used to move

large erection units (fabricated

sections of a ship).

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Safety Harness

Hand Gloves

Safety Shoes

ApronHelmet with eye and

ear protection

Injuries associated with moving

construction equipment (cranes, derricks,

hoists, etc.) and Injuries caused by objects

falling from carrying devices can be

avoided by the use of these equipments

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Outfitting

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Ship or erection units are outfitted

with support equipment, such as

plumbing, electrical installations,

etc.

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Safety Harness

Hand Gloves

Safety Shoes

Apron

Helmet with eye and

ear protection

Life Jacket Lifebuoy

Hearing loss from noise

and Eye injuries from

metal chips and rust can

be avoided by the use of

the Helmet

Drowning, injuries from falls can be avoided

by the use of safety harness and lifejacket and

life buoy can be used to save people from

drowning

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Painting

Ship-board painting is often

performed in confined spaces and

tanks, thereby concentrating fumes

and particulates.

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http://i.treehugger.com/images/2007/10/24/nansulate%20industrial%20paint.jpg

Lead poisoning can occur from

inhalation of lead-based paint

particles can be avoided by use of

respiratory maskRespiratory Mask

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Fire Extinguisher

Safety HarnessHand Gloves

Safety Shoes

Apron

Helmet with eye and

ear protection

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Surface Preparation and Descaling

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During this process, surfaces of

steel ships are prepared for

painting

Exterior surfaces may besandblasted, but chipping, using

chipping hammers, wire brushes

and grinders, powered either

pneumatically or electrically, ismore common

Interior preparation is usually

done by handhttp://www.osha.gov/SLTC/etools/shipyard/shiprepair/images/painting/blast_room01.jpg

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Hearing loss from noise

can be avoided by the

use of ear protection

gear

Eye injuries from scale

and Respiratory

damage from abrasive

particles and dusts

can be avoided by the

use of eye protection

and respiratory mask

Thermal burns during

steam cleaning

operations can be

avoided by the use of

hand gloves, safety

shoes and apron

Safety HarnessLife Jacket Lifebuoy

Drowning, injuries from falls can be avoided

by the use of safety harness and lifejacket and

life buoy can be used to save people from

drowning

Ear protection

Eye protection and

respiratory mask

Gloves

Safety shoes Apron

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Hands-on Activity - 3Safety Issues in Shipbuilding and Ship Repair

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1. Are you left with any safety equipment icons? Why/Why not?

2. Do you think that the remaining safety equipment icons could

have been used for any of these six processes? Give reasons.

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Review Major sources of pollution.

How oil spills are cleaned.

Safety issues in ship operations.

Safety symbols commonly used

Safety issues in ship building and

repair.

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Thank You

For information on this Instructional Module

Please contact:

Dr. Alok K. Verma, P.E., CmfgE

Ray Ferrari Professor

Director-Lean Institute

Old Dominion University.

Phone (757) 683-3766

Fax (757) 683-5655Email: [email protected]
http://www.clker.com/clipart-10842.html

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