NSDI_ Concepts and Components
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National Spatial Data Infrastructure.
Concepts and Components
Jayantha SamarasingheSurvey Department of Sri Lanka
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Outline…..• What is NSDI ?• Partnership Via NSDIs ( Problem identification)• Who needs to access Geographic Information?• Strategies to Create NSDI • NSDI Components• Global SDI• NSDI & GIS in Emergency Management• Summary
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What is a National Spatial Data Infrastructure?
“The technology, policies, standards, and human resources necessary to acquire, process, store, distribute, and improve utilization of geospatial data.”
Source: Presidential Executive Order #12906 (1994): “Co-ordinating Geographic Data Acquisition and Access: The National Spatial Data Infrastructure” W.
Clinton.
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Partnerships via NSDI
The problem:
• Too much data duplication = waste• Not enough data duplication = respond to emergencies• Ad hoc data sharing.• Data often tailored to one application.• Detail at local level but not accessible to Regional or National
Level.• Indexes/ Metadata.• No general protocols for any of this until NSDI…
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Who needs access to Coordinated Geographic Information?
• Land Records Adjudication• Disaster Response• Transportation Management• Water, gas & electric planning• Public Protection• Defense• Natural Resource Management• Telecommunications Infrastructure • Economic Development• Civic Entrepreneurs• Forest Management etc..
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So Why build NSDI?
• Build data once and use it many times for many applications.
• Integrate distributed providers of data.
• “Place-based management”.• Share costs of data creation and
maintenance.• Support sustainable economic, social, and environmental development.
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Strategies to Create NSDI STRATEGY I: Conceptual steps
• Explain GIS benefits to the Nation and other communities.
• Include GIS in the curriculum of Universities and other academia.
• Organize seminars and symposiums where new developments in GIS are addressed.
• Exchange GIS technology and ideas through instructional Web sites and online forums.
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• Form leading committee at the federal level to start this initiative.
• Involve Central and local governments in the development and implementation of this initiative.
• Utilize the expertise of academia, the private sector, professional societies, and others.
• Physically develop, implement NSDI and its components.
Strategies to Create NSDI STRATEGY II: Logical and physical steps
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NSDI COMPONENTS
STANDARDS
SPATIAL DATAFRAMEWORK
METADATA
CLEARINGHOUSE
PARTNERSHIPS & ORGANIZATIONS
WEB PORTAL
GIS DATA SERVERS
Technology Policies People
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These elements are linked in a very These elements are linked in a very explicit way to assure the function of explicit way to assure the function of
the enterprise.the enterprise.
NSDI COMPONENTS…….
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The data provide a core...
Spatial DataSpatial Data
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Categories of Geospatial Data
• Community-developed data sets usually derived for a single purpose but made available for potential re-use
• Data sets developed to a common content specification for high re-use potential. These are known as “Framework” data.
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Spatial DataSpatial DataFrameworkFramework
What Framework provide…..
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A foundation to which spatial information and attributes can be added.
A base on which other themes of data can be compiled.
Framework Provides…..
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FederalState
LocalPrivate
Utilities1.Hydrology:Lakes, River, Streams, Channels
2.Cadastral: Parcel, Land use, Zoning
3.Transportation: Roads, rails,
4.Elevation: Contour lines, spot elevation
5.Administrative Boundaries: Town ,County, State lines
6.Geodetic Control Points: Reference points
7.Orthoimagery: Referenced orhtophotos and aerials
Framework Data
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Spatial DataSpatial DataFrameworkFramework
MetadataMetadata
Describing Your Data...
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• Provides documentation of existing internal geospatial data resources within an organization. (inventory)
• Permits structured search and comparison of held spatial data by others. (advertising).
• Provides end-users with adequate information to take the data and use it in an appropriate context. (liability)
The Use of Metadata
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Spatial DataSpatial DataFrameworkFramework
MetadataMetadata
Making data discoverable...
Clearinghouse (catalog)Clearinghouse (catalog)
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• Discovery of spatial data.
• Distributed search worldwide.
• Uniform interface for spatial data searches.
• Advertising for available Data.ur data holdings
Clearinghouse (Search service)Provides..
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Clearinghouse operates as...
• Entry point to constellation of servers.
• Collection of distributed servers, using a common protocol
• (e.g., Z39.50)
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• used for searching and retrieving full-text documents, bibliographic data, images and multimedia in a distributed network environment.
• The FGDC has developed a Z39.50 application profile for geospatial metadata, called GEO.
• Z39.50/GEO identifies a set of base standards, and parameters necessary to accomplish identified functions.
WHAT IS Z39.50 SEARCH PROTOCOL
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Spatial DataSpatial DataFrameworkFramework
MetadataMetadata
Clearinghouse (catalog)Clearinghouse (catalog)
StandardsStandards
Consistent approaches...
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Who builds standards?
• ISO – International Standards Organization
• FGDC Standards working group (Federal Geographic Data Committee )
• Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC)
• Concerned organizations
• Producers and users of geospatial data
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Types of standards• Data content
Common classifications Common collection criteria Data models, data structures (formats), query languages.
• Data management Metadata Spatial Data Transfer Standard (SDTS)
• Data transfer protocols (e.g., WMS)
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Partnerships hold it all Partnerships hold it all togethertogether
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Partnerships
Spatial DataSpatial DataFrameworkFramework
MetadataMetadata
Clearinghouse (catalog)Clearinghouse (catalog)
StandardsStandards
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Lots of people involved…• Federal government (many agencies)• Central government• Local government• Private sector – contractors, value-adders,
exploiters• Non profit organizations• Citizenry• Others…• No one is in charge…
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and is a model for development of a Common Spatial Data Infrastructure
The NSDI is built through the actions The NSDI is built through the actions of thousandsof thousands
of participantsof participants
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A Global Spatial Data Infrastructure?
• Difficult enough to get national players to work together…
• Is GSDI a process, a general framework or a product?
• Who are the stakeholders?
• Who needs it? (military doing what they need themselves?)
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International Coastal Atlas Network
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www.gsdi.org
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NSDI & GIS Approach in Emergency Management• Because of its visual and spatial functionality, GIS
technology provides better and faster statistical analyses for decision makers (emergency managers)
• HOW big is the hazard area and people live in.
• WHAT are the best roads the hospitals outside of the hazard zone?
• WHERE are the areas and the buildings with the most damage?
• WHICH roads are damaged or blocked by debris?
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Web Browser (Thin Client)
@ users
GIS Software (Thick Client)
@ portalhost site
Web Portal
WMS WCSWFS
Geospatial Web Services
GazetteerPlace
Names &Attributes
CatalogData & Service
Metadata
Clients
Maps Features CoveragesLegend:
@ providerorganizations
Framework Data
WEB PORTAL ARCHITECTURE
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SUMMARYSUMMARY With NSDI,
• Implement Social, economic and critical decisions and Country will understand the necessary steps to create, access and share spatial data.
• User community aware of the importance of spatial data.• Eliminate the duplication of spatial data.• Reduced the cost and time.• Data accessible from a central portal and will make information
readily accessible.• Countries can become an integral partner in the world‘s GIS
community.
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My most sincere gratitude goes to:
ITCThe Netherlands
NufficThe Netherlands
University of K.N.ToosiTehran, Iran
Survey DepartmentSri Lanka
Govt. of The Netherlands Govt. Of IranGovt. of Sri Lanka
Thank you for your attention!