NREL Commercial Buildings Research Group, ASHRAE June 2013 Research Keynote

NREL is a national laboratory of the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, operated by the Alliance for Sustainable Energy, LLC.

Energy Efficiency Research in NREL’s

Commercial Buildings Research Group

6/24/13

Keynote 1: Research Summit

ASHRAE Annual Conference

www.nrel.gov/rsf

Shanti Pless Senior Research Engineer, National Renewable Energy Laboratory

Let’s Review

2

• Commercial Buildings

Research Sections

• Research in Action

• Energy use intensity

procurement

• AEDGs

• CBPs

• Real Performance/Real

Buildings

• Energy Systems Integration

What We Do

3

Advanced Commercial Buildings Research, through applied research and demonstration, supports DOE’s speed-and-scale goals to reduce building energy use.

Focus areas:

• Whole-building systems integration

• Comprehensive building energy modeling

• Cutting-edge energy efficiency technologies

• Systematic performance metrics and monitoring

Our team’s key strength lies in combining all

these tools to design well-integrated new

buildings and cost-effective retrofits.

Vision: All new buildings and majorretrofits achieve 50% energy savings by 2030 in support of the Architecture 2030 challenge and EISA 2007

Fundamentals& Technology

Tools

NREL Mission: Enable decision makers to quickly and easily optimize energy efficiency utilizing an ever-broadening array of building design and operation alternatives at each stage of planning, procurement, and occupancy

Whole Building Integration

Development

Validation

CatalyzeDeployment

Fundamentals& Technology

Tools


Vision: All new buildings and majorretrofits achieve 50% energy savings by 2030 in support of the Architecture 2030 challenge and EISA 2007

Whole Building Integration

CommercializationAEDGsCase StudiesDesign ProcessProcurement ProcessWeb ResourcesTools for Market

Case StudiesESTCPGPGLab TestingField Testing

New TechnologiesFoundational Data

Sector AnalysisTool Development

Development

Validation

CatalyzeDeployment

Strategic Area 1: Integrated Design: Develop innovative design and acquisition processes for Whole Building System and subsystem optimization

Strategic Area 2: Real Performance in Real Buildings: Demonstrate how market viable 50% savings can be achieved in real buildings through innovative business plans, advanced modeling tools, and robust performance verification research.

Strategic Area 3: Industry Resources: Develop industry and owner relevant Best Practices and Advanced Guidance to implement and deploy ultra-efficient building systems in high performance new construction and deep retrofit projects

Strategic Area 4: Net Zero Energy Ready Buildings: Perform applied research to demonstrate how to reach net zero energy buildings through the integration of maximum achievable efficiency and on-site renewables

Strategic Area 5: Advanced Technology Integration and Demonstration: Demonstrate real performance in advanced efficiency technologies such as plug loads, integrated lighting systems, integrated hydronic HVAC, and integrated refrigeration systems.


Whole Building Integration Mission: Develop and demonstrate integrated high performance and Net Zero Energy Ready buildings using advanced design, technologies and tools.

Fundamentals & Tech Mission: Provide innovative energy efficient solutions, trusted analysis, and accurate performance assessment resources to advance the design, adoption, and operation of energy-efficient systems in the built environment.

Tools Mission: Enable decision makers to quickly and easily assess the energy impacts of alternatives at every stage of planning and procurement for the built environment.

DOE/NREL Research Support Facility

RFP Design/Build Requirements:

• 50% energy cost savings over

ASHRAE 90.1

• 35.1 kBtu/ft2/yr

• Net zero energy use

• Performance assurance plan

with incentives

Design/Build Results:

• Net zero energy use

• 36 .4 kBtu/ft2/yr

• Demonstration of max efficiency in an institutional office building on typical construction budgets using energy performance based design/build delivery and procurement methods

• $259/sqft construction costs –$250/sqft - $300/sqft typical

DOE/NREL RSF 3rd Wing


• 27 kBtu/ft2/yr

• 50% Energy Cost Savings


with incentives


• 20 kBtu/ft2/yr measured

• Demonstration of additional

cost savings, energy

efficiency, and schedule gains

over phase 1

• 17 % more efficient than the

RSF

• Cost savings of 5% ($14/ft2

cheaper)

DOE/NREL 1800 Car Staff Parking Garage

Design/Build Requirements:

• 0.5 kBtu/ft2

• 175 kBtu/stall

• Net-zero energy Site

Entrance Building


• 90% Energy cost savings

• 138 kBtu/parking stall

• $14,172 per parking space

• $15,500 to $24,500 for

typical parking space in

Denver area

DOE/NREL Cafeteria


• 35% energy cost savings over

ASHRAE 90.1

• Best in class commercial

kitchen equipment


with incentives


• 36% energy savings

• Demonstration of max efficiency in a commercial kitchen using energy performance based design/build delivery and procurement methods

• Continuous improvement requirements in vendor contract to ensure performance assurance

DOE/NREL Energy Systems Integration Facility

Design/Build Requirements:

• 27 kBtu/ft2 Office wing

• 1.06 PUE Super computer

• No mechanical cooling

• Waste heat reuse

• 30% savings for all labs


• 26 kBtu/ft2 Office wing

• World class efficient super

computer

• 36% savings in labs

12

Replication Success

13

Replication Success

Influencing New High Performance Buildings

14

"It may sound corny, but after seeing the RSF, it really was the

first day of the second half of my career. I saw the integration at

RSF, the total comprehensive thinking, and thought, 'I've got to

get involved in a project that's going in this direction.'”

— Kenner KingstonDirector of Sustainability for ARCHITECTURAL NEXUS, INC.

Designing an administrative office space in the area of Salt Lake City, Utah.

"We've had quite a bit of input from NREL, and my visit to the

RSF showed me the opportunities to be deeply energy efficient.

The New York State Energy Research and Development

Authority is partnering with us and contributing funding to the

design effort.”

— Robert R. BlandSenior director for energy and sustainability with Cornell University

"It was very impressive, the degree to which NREL is monitoring

the things that people are doing on their side of the plugs. We'd

known that we could do dramatic things with efficient

refrigerators, dishwashers, and lighting, but the fact that NREL

was paying so much attention to the real work side of the house

— the computers, monitors, printers, and task lights — caused

us to go back and look at our IT really carefully.”

— Denis Hayes

Bullitt Foundation President

Credit: Dennis Schroeder

Courtesy of Kilograph 2012

Credit: Dennis Schroeder, 19911

15

World Class Efficiency is Possible within our

Construction Budgets!

• Spend the time to get RFP right

• Include absolute EUI requirements if possible

• Set up acquisition process to “force” integrated design

• Energy modeling guides conceptual design decisions

• Architecture and envelope are also efficiency measures

• Unwavering commitment to problem statement

• Unleash power of design/build team of experts to meet your

needs – true value engineering

• Commit to your objectives and don’t adjust

Process for Replication at Scale

Process for Replication at Scale

• Evolved from component-based goals to building-wide goals

• Design-build procurement process with energy goals in the RFP

• Based on energy models updated for as-built conditions

• Superior performance voluntary incentive ($) program to ensure M+V outcome has a chance to meet predicted performance

• Design energy use intensity requirements CAN be met in operations

• Each project has end use metering and public displays of energy performance as part of contractual performance requirements

Energy Performance-Based Procurement

Background Materials

• Summary Documents

• Foundational Documents

• How-To Documents

• Results Documents on Integrated Design Team,

Architects, Owners, and Building Occupants

RSF Demonstration: Moving Research to Market

Follow-on Research and Deployment• Procurement Training and

How-to Guide• Ft. Carson Net Zero support• Dashboard Enhancements• Building Occupant Agent• CU-Boulder Nat Ventilation• NASA Facilities Workshop and Net Zero Roadmap

Market Tools and Resources• BBA Webinars on Cost Control and Plug Loads• Datacenter Best Practices• Plug Load Control Strategies• Review for Replication Industry Workshop• www.nrel.gov/rsf

Market Uptake and Influences• SMUD net zero Operation Facility• GSA Net Zero Courthouse Retrofit• SLAC Visitor and Conference Center• Salt Lake City net zero District Attorney Offices• Cornell NYC net zero Tech Campus

RSF Procurement and Design

RSF Net Zero Energy OperationsNet Zero Energy Implementation Manager1. Design and Commission Metering and Display2. Verify Measured Performance3. Coach Occupants, Operators, and IT/Datacenter

managers on efficiency strategies

Background Research as Foundation• Model driven design process• Metering of high performance projects• Integrated design processes• ZEB Definitions

Commercial Buildings Inputs to RSF• Goal setting using Optimization tools• RFP Energy specifications• Plug Load baseline and efficiency strategy• Datacenter heat recovery and cooling• Design and Substantiation review• Efficiency champion on Owner’s

Integrated Project Team• Development and implementation of

Occupant ENGAGED controland system philosophy

Large Scale Net Zero Energy Demonstration

http://www.archdaily.com/179136/cornells-nyc-tech-campus-drives-towards-net-zero-energy-som/cornells-proposed-nyc-tech-campus_aerialrendering-001-w1280-h1280/

http://www.archdaily.com/179136/cornells-nyc-tech-campus-drives-towards-net-zero-energy-som/cornells-proposed-nyc-tech-campus_aerialrendering-001-w1280-h1280/

Advanced Energy Design Guides

30% guideso Small office buildings

o Small retail buildings

o K-12 school buildings

o Small warehouse and self-storage buildings

o Highway lodgings

o Small hospitals and healthcare facilities

50% guideso Small to medium office

(SMO) buildings

o K-12 school buildings

o Medium to big box retail (MBR) buildings

o Large hospitals (LH)

What Is an AEDG?

Developed in collaboration with ASHRAE, AIA, IES, USGBC, DOE

Two series:o Original series targeted

30% savings over 90.1-1999

o Current series targets 50% savings over 90.1-2004

Educational guidance—not a code or standard

Available for free as a PDF download from www.ashrae.org/freeaedg

http://www.ashrae.org/freeaedg

AEDG Path to Market

BBC BBA Greensburg New Orleans

AEDGs influence the market

through multiple paths

Building Codes

Training

Industry Adoption

Webinars YEA

Standard 90.1

LEED

Standard 189

Market

Architects

Designers

Engineers

Contractors

Owners

Market

Assessment

Report

>500,000 in Circulation

Results

Owners’

RFPs

Advanced Energy Retrofit Guides

Advanced Energy Design Guides

Provide prescriptive energy savings guidance and

recommendations by building type and geographic

location:

Design packages and strategies to help owners

and designers achieve 50% site energy savings

over Standard 90.1

Two series:

– 30% savings over 90.1-1999

– 50% savings over 90.1-2004

Educational guidance to enable high-performance

design beyond minimum code requirements

Developed in collaboration with ASHRAE, AIA,

IES, USGBC, DOE and National Labs

Available as a free download from

www.ashrae.org/freeaedg

Advanced Energy Retrofit Guides

Provide commercial building energy managers

with comprehensive guidance for planning and

executing successful retrofit projects:

Objective discussion of retrofit measures that

should be considered:– Building type

– Level of energy savings / depth of retrofit

– Climate region

Methods for calculating complex, multi-year

cash flows in support of a strong business

case

Sample analysis and recommended

packages

Developed in collaboration with E Source, RMI,

NAESCO, PECI, DOE

Available as a free download from www.eere.energy.gov/buildings/commercial/aerg.html

AEDG and AERG

http://www.ashrae.org/freeaedg

http://www.eere.energy.gov/buildings/commercial/aerg.html

DOE national labs (NREL /PNNL/LBNL) teamed with 35 companies to:

– Retrofit at least one existing building at 30% less energy

– Build one new building at 50% less energy than Standard 90.1

Labs provide support with advanced life cycle analysis tools, performance verification, and business case development to biggest names in retail, commercial real estate, and financial sectors

Companies from the private sector working with national

laboratories to achieve significant, unprecedented building

energy savings.

Commercial Building Partnerships:

Partnering for Speed and Scale

Bank of America ProLogisForestCity SimonIHG Tishman SpeyerKohl‘s Whole FoodsPNC CBRERyan HinesTarget John DeereWestfield OpusBest Buy Regency CentersHilton SuperValueJCPenney ToyotaMacy's

Commercial Building

Partnerships

CBP Case Studies

Concise, consistent, and comparable for portfolio and sector

replication

Focus on savings, decision making, lessons learned

Connected by Sector Overview documents

Replication with CBP

AEDG/AERG

CBP

(+ direct impact through CBP participation and resources)

Broader Design

Community

- Validation- Case studies- Best Practices

- EEM Packages

-Integrated Design

-Advanced analysis

Participation

and review

- EEM Packages

- How-to details

- Code impact

Commercial

Sector

80 Bsf

CBP

Pilots

5 Msf

Better Building

Alliances

8 Bsf

Partner

Portfolios

3 Bsf


Whole Building Integration Mission: Develop and demonstrate integrated high performance and Net Zero Energy buildings using advanced design, technologies and tools.

Tools Mission: Enable decision makers to quickly and easily assess the energy impacts of alternatives at every stage of planning and procurement for the built environment

Strategic Area 1: Create and extend DOE’s building energy modeling middleware (OpenStudio) to enable rapid and consistent development of desktop and web applications for impactful building energy analysis

Strategic Area 2: Create and populate a standard database (BCL) for reusable building energy modeling components and measures that integrate with applications for highly efficient and repeatable analysis

Strategic Area 3: Create and market comprehensive workflows, applications, and training materials for effective design and retrofit tools (OpenStudio tool suite, simuwatt, Asset Rating Calculator, VirtualPULSE, Xcel Design Assistance, etc.)

Strategic Area 4: Conveniently incorporate measured data with simulation by automating calibration, validation, and inverse-modeling

Strategic Area 5: Enable and establish procedural mass simulation along with user interfaces for preliminary design assistance, asset rating, and sector analysis

Fundamentals & Tech Mission: Provide innovative energy efficient solutions, trusted analysis, and accurate performance assessment resources to advance the design, adoption, and operation of energy-efficient systems in the built environment.

What is OpenStudio?

UtilityFocused

Web Tools

Easy-to UseTools for

Practitioners

Enabling Analysis for

Emerging Technologies

EnergyPlus

OpenStudio Software Development Kit (SDK)

Bro

ad M

arke

t Pe

net

rati

on

User ExpertiseExperts Beginners

RadianceEngines Other Engines

simuwatt Mobile

Auditing Tool

“Operating System”

Sample Applications

An open source platform to

enable rapid development of

building energy modeling and

analysis capability for market

facing purposes

Data Sources

Baseline Building Energy Models

Automated Modeling from Mined Data

• OpenStudio enables:• modeling using multiple data sources,• rigorous portfolio assessment, and• detailed analysis of retrofit measures for

each building

GIS

BCL

Customer Records

PublicRecords

Meter Data

Portfolio Performance

Analysis

Specific Recommend-

ations

Automated Tuning From Meter Data

EE Program

EE Program

EE Program

ROI,Energy Savings,

etc.

ROI,Energy Savings,

etc.

ROI,Energy Savings,

etc.

1

2

n

1

2

n

Customer Cost Hurdle

+

+

+

OptimizedIncentives

✔

✔

✗

Approach to Incentive Program Design

Program measures are applied to

tuned model of a customer building

Energy savings, simple payback,

and more are calculated from an energy simulation

Repeat Across Portfolio

Ranked and OptimizedMarketing

Strategy for Specific

Customer

Calculate incentive required to

overcome individual customer hurdle

rate

Ranked, customer-

specific marketing strategy

.

.

....

Tuned Model

Energy Design Assistance Program Tracker

(EDAPT)

• Problem: Reduce cost of Xcel’s EDA program, while maintaining quality as additional energy consultants are engaged

• Solution:

– EDAPT web service tracks projects, manages data and communications, and reports program-wide outcomes

– OpenStudio and BCL are expanded to include automated quality and EDA protocol checking

– EDAPT connects high level project data with model outcomes to streamline reporting

• Planned for Launch in June 2013

A New Approach to Auditing and PV Assessment &

Design

Key Goals

– Reduce cost of level 3 audits below level 1 or 2

– Produce higher quality, more consistent audits with greater residual value

• Not simply a report that prescribes actions and quantifies savings

• Data and models aggregate and can be reused for further cost reduction in EISA 2007 compliance, portfolio assessment, etc.

Procedural Modeling

OpenStudio and Building

Component Library (BCL) Analysis of Baseline and

Energy Conservation Measures

Software Guided Audit

Workflow on Tablet

Informatics for Net Zero Performance Assurance

Visualizing Energy Use in 3D

At-A-Glance Campus View

RSF Interactive View

Phidgets and Occupant

Feedback Heat Maps

Whole Site View

Realtime Data vs Realtime Budgets

Databus Data Layer

The goal is to turn data into information.

“Good Data” is not just collection, storage and access. To be informative data should be structured, cleaned, annotated, integrated and visualized.

AFUFBuilding 251/2

Dynamometer

Building 254/6SIMTA

OTF

FTLB

IBRF

RSF 1+2

STF

SERF

SEB

Garage

ISOs(NE/NY, PJM, MISO, CAL)

BACNet900,000/hr

ModBus221,000/hr

Weather24,000/hr

Web API2,000/hr

BuildingAgent

Dashboard

Analysis

Graphs+ Charts

SDIModules

Data Sources 15-30 TB/YearCollection Systems1.15M Points/Hour

Data Use>100K Reads/Second

DataBus

MIDC/SRRL

Cafe

Lighting End Use Tracking

Plug End Use Tracking

Mechanical End Use Tracking

Data Visualization – PUE & EUE

Buildings are for people, so where are they in the feedback loop?

The Building Agent app enables occupants to quantify and communicate their comfort levels to the building

And for the Building to communicate to the occupants

• Four of the six thermal comfort factors

defined by ASHRAE Standard 55

(ASHRAE 2004) are addressed in the BA

feedback interface:

– Air and Radiant temperature

– Air speed

– Humidity

• Building Feedback to Occupant

– Window status

– Energy performance

• Building scale to outlet level

– Demand management (soon)

• The survey consisted of 65 questions based on LEED requirements and examples from the Center for the Built Environment

• The app may be used to disseminate other surveys in the RSF or in other buildings across the NREL campus

Cre

dit:

Marj

orie S

chott(N

RE

L)

Correlate local measurements to occupant feedback

“Phidgets” collect temperature, humidity, and light readings through a USB port on occupant’s computer

Temperature Comfort

Humidity Comfort

LightingComfort

GlareComfort

NoiseComfort

AirMovement

Comfort

TempC°

LightingLux

Humidity%

Timestamp

Cold Dry Glare Noisy 23 354.0 28 05/23 17:13

Comfort Maps

Strategic Area 1: New Technology Development: Develop the next generation of high efficiency HVAC technologies

Strategic Area 2: Testing and Validation of New Technologies: Provide unbiased laboratory and field testing and validation of new technology performance.

Strategic Area 3: Demonstrations of Efficient Solutions: Work with industry partners to find the best paths to market of proven energy efficient solutions

Strategic Area 4: Performance Analysis Frameworks: Provide a standard framework for performance analysis through metrics and reference building energy models

Strategic Area 5: Performance Data: Provide comprehensive and unbiased performance data for systems and environmental performance


Whole Building Integration Mission: Develop and demonstrate integrated high performance and Net Zero Energy buildings using advanced design, technologies and tools.

Tools Mission: Enable decision makers to quickly and easily assess the energy impacts of alternatives at every stage of planning and procurement for the built environment.

Fundamentals & Technology Mission: Provide innovative energy efficient solutions, trusted analysis, and accurate performance assessment resources to advance the design, adoption, and operation of energy-efficient systems in the built environment.

Key Elements of Technology Evaluation

Third-party laboratory testing

– Pros: Controlled experiment; accurate performance evaluation for specific operating

conditions and assumed usage patterns.

– Cons: May not reveal reliability and integration information or business productivity impacts.

Assumptions may not mimic actual usage patterns.

Field testing – Current basis for most tech evaluation programs

– Pros: Provides information on reliability, whole system integration, business productivity

impacts, and actual use patterns.

– Cons: Involves a less controlled experiment, fewer sensors, and less accurate equipment.

Harder to generalize site-specific results to other facilities.

Analytical methods

– Pros: Results can be generalized while accounting for building- and site-specific parameters.

– Cons: Accuracy depends heavily on whether inputs incorporate findings from third-party

laboratory and field testing. (Without third-party lab and field testing, garbage in, garbage out)

The combination of (1) third-party laboratory testing, (2) field testing, and (3) analytical methods can be

more effective than any one of these approaches alone. It is understood that some programs should

focus on a single approach, but providing additional means to integrate these three approaches will

improve prediction of power and energy use. (Quality in, quality out.)

Systems Approach for Developing New

Technologies

53

Starting Point

– Strong fundamental technical knowledge

– Systems integration experts

– Intimate market place awareness

– Practical implementation/operation experience

Approach

– Employ “trifecta” method to maximize understanding of

performance and opportunities

– Develop technology, performance data, and modeling

simultaneously to provide continuous optimization

– Work closely with building owners and operators to avoid market

and practical implementation barriers

– Utilize unique large scale building simulation capability to

develop component design recommendations that incorporate

dependencies such as climate zone, building type and

application

– Work with market leaders to widely deploy the technology

54

Technology Development

– Advanced evaporative cooling

– Advanced dehumidification

– Membrane heat and mass exchangers

High Efficiency Demonstrations

– DOD and ESTCP

– GSA and GPG

– DOE Tech Demos

– NREL campus buildings

Deployment

– Better Building Alliances

• Space Conditioning project team leadership

• RTU Retrofit and Early Retirement Campaign

Systems Approach for Developing New

Technologies

55

Energy Systems Integration across ScalesSc

ale

Appliance(Plug)

Building(meter)

CampusSubdivision(feeder)

Community(substation)

Area(Service Territory)

Region (BalancingArea)

Nation

56

NREL’s Energy System Integration Facilities

Reducing investment risk and optimizing systems in a rapidly

changing energy world

• New energy technologies and services

• Increasing penetration of variable RE in grid

• New communications and control models

• Electrification of transportation

• Integrating energy storage

• Increasing system flexibility

• Understanding interactions between electricity/thermal/fuels

Current Energy Systems Future Energy Systems

Why Energy Systems Integration?

• Sensors and controls

• Design and integration

• Modeling and simulation

• System integration

Buildings

• H2/electric interfaces

• RE electrolyzers

• Storage systems

• Standards

• Fuel cell integration

• Fueling systems

Advanced Fuels

Grid Planning

and Operations

• Transmission and Distribution Systems

• Smart Grid Technologies

• Microgrids

• Standards

Advanced Vehicles

Solar and Wind

ESIF System Integration Capabilities

RE integration

Power

electronics

Building

integration

Thermal and PV

system

optimization

• Plug-in-hybrids and vehicle-to-grid

• Battery thermal management

• Power electronics

Energy Storage

• CSP Thermal Storage

• Utility scale batteries

• Distributed storage.

Full systems interface evaluation for integration of electricity, fuels, thermal, storage, and end-use technologies

Energy System Research and Development Across Technologies

• Substantial

completion by the

end of 2012

• Space for 200 NREL

staff and research

partners

• Focus of the ESIF is

to conduct R&D of

integrated energy

systems (Electricity,

Fuels, Transportation,

and Buildings &

Campus systems)

Addressing the challenges of large-scale integration of clean energy technologies into the energy systems infrastructure

• NREL’s largest R&D facility (182,500 ft2) (ESIF)

NREL’s Energy Systems Integration Facility

ESIF Laboratories

High Performance Computing, Data Analysis, and Visualization

16. ESIF Control Room17. Energy Integration Visualization 18. Secure Data Center19. High Performance Computing

Data Center20. Insight Center Visualization21. Insight Center Collaboration

Fuel Systems Laboratories 9. Energy Systems Fabrication10. Manufacturing11. Materials Characterization12. Electrochemical

Characterization13. Energy Systems Sensor14. Fuel Cell Development &

Test15. Energy Systems High

Pressure Test

Thermal Systems Laboratories6. Thermal Storage Process and

Components7. Thermal Storage Materials8. Optical Characterization

Electrical Systems Laboratories1. Power Systems Integration2. Smart Power3. Energy Storage4. Electrical Characterization5. Energy Systems Integration

Component

and systems

testing at MW-

scale powers

with state-of-

the-art electric

systems

simulation and

visualization.

Functioning systems with utility system simulations for real-time,

real-power evaluation of high penetration deployment scenarios.

Power Hardware- and Systems-in-the-Loop

Integrates

HIL I/OInterface

Visualization

Interface

Load Banks

Grid

Simulator

PV Array

Simulation and Visualization at ESIF

Actual hardware at ESIF

Subdevelopment

with PV at end of

circuit

Utility Substation

Inverter is replicated in

100 homes on circuit

Actual utility

circuit model

Unit under test

ESI and Net Zero Buildings

Load Profile Management Options

• Car Charge limit

• Super Computer speed

• Building mass

• Stationary batteries

• Light dimming62

-2000

-1500

-1000

-500

0

500

1000

Car Charging

Total cooling

Total Lighting (kW)

Total Plug Loads (kW)

Total Mechanical (kW)

Total Data Center (kW)

PV (kW)

-2000

-1500

-1000

-500

0

500

1000

Car Charging

Total cooling

Total Lighting (kW)

Total Plug Loads (kW)

Total Mechanical (kW)

Total Data Center (kW)

PV (kW)

Net Building Utility Draw (kW)Ele

ctr

icity D

em

and (

kW

)

• Laptop batteries

• Chilled water storage

• Occupant engagement

through Building Agent

• Others?

Thanks and Questions

Shanti Pless

[email protected]

63

mailto:[email protected]

NREL Commercial Buildings Research Group, ASHRAE June 2013 Research Keynote

Engineering

Transcript of NREL Commercial Buildings Research Group, ASHRAE June 2013 Research Keynote