Notebook pgs. 1-5

Pg 1

• Lithosphere: What’s the Big Idea?– Part III– Part II– Part I

Apple Demo Questions – do these without looking at your sheets!

• What did the skin on the last 1/32 of the apple represent?

• When I first cut the apple into quarters and set ¾ aside, what did those ¾ represent?

• What percent of the earth is terrestrial?• What percent of the earth is aquatic?

Glossary Terms – put under correct letters in your glossary

• Atmosphere: (“atmos” = vapor or steam + “sphere” = round object) The layers of gas surrounding earth, held in by earth’s gravity

• Biosphere: (“bio” = life + “sphere” = round object) The zone of life on earth

• Hydrosphere: (“hydro” = water + “sphere” = round object) All the water on, in, and under Earth’s surface

• Geosphere: (“geo” = earth+ “sphere” = round object) The solid parts of earth made of rock

• Lithosphere: (“litho” = rock + “sphere” = round object) the outermost part of the geosphere

• Organic: characteristic of, pertaining to, or derived from living organisms

Pg. 2

• Earth’s Systems– Atmosphere: The layer of gases surrounding the earth, held

in by earth’s atmosphere. It is composed of 78% nitrogen, 21% oxygen, 0.93% argon, and 0.04% carbon dioxide.

– Biosphere: The zone of life or the total area on earth where life can exist.

– Hydrosphere: The combined mass of all water found on, over, and under Earth’s surface.

– Geosphere: The solid part of the earth, composed of rock. The lithosphere refers to the uppermost layers including the crust and uppermost mantle.

Pg. 3

• The Water Planet– Earth’s Land

• Many different land forms, such as mountains, valleys, and plains.

• 25% of earth is land• 12.5 % of earth is suitable for human use• 3.125% of earth is suitable for farming

– Earth’s Water• Many different bodies such as rivers, lakes, oceans, ponds,

streams, and groundwater (underground).• The ocean alone supports 50% of all species on earth.

Pg. 4

• Saltwater and Freshwater– Saltwater is found in oceans and seas.– Freshwater is found in rivers, streams, lakes,

ponds, and groundwater.

Glossary Terms

• Clay: smallest soil particle• Sand: largest soil particle• Silt: medium-sized soil particle

Pg. 5

• Soil and Sand– Soil:

• Naturally occurring • Layers (horizons) with different compositions and characteristics• Contains mineral and organic (plant, animal, bacterial) matter

– Sand:• Naturally occurring • Grains• Made of small rock and mineral particles

– Both: • Naturally occurring• Components of the lithosphere• Come at least partially from broken down rocks and minerals

Soil vs. Sand

Soil Types

SANDSILT

CLAY

Sand

• Largest particles• Doesn’t hold many nutrients• Drains water well and quickly and lets in lots

of air

Silt

• Medium size particle • Dry, it feels smooth and powdery. Wet, it

feels smooth but not sticky.• Holds nutrients pretty well• Drains water pretty well and lets in air

Clay

• Small particles • Smooth when dry and sticky when wet. • Soils high in clay content are called heavy

soils. • Holds a lot of nutrients • Doesn't let air and water through it well.