NOTE/STUDY GUIDE: Unit 2-4, Plants X Biology II, Mr. Doc Miller, M.Ed.

North Central High School

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NORTH CENTRAL HIGH SCHOOL NOTE & STUDY GUIDE

X Biology II

Unit 2-4: Plants

Additional resources available at www.mrdocsonlinelab.com

REQUIRED READING FROM BIOLOGY: CONCEPTS & CONNECTION (CAMPBELL, ET. AL.):

CHAPTER 17, THE EVOLUTION OF PLANT AND FUNGAL DIVERSITY (PG. 340-363) Grade Chart: (For Teacher Use Only) Section Assignment Score (ü or x) Points (Out of)

1 NOTES: Introduction to Plants

10 2 Study Guide Part I: Introduction to Plants

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3 ACTIVITY: Plant Identification Chart

10 4 NOTES: Roots & Stems

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5 Study Guide, Part II: Roots & Stem

10 6 NOTES: Leaves

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7 Study Guide, Part III: Leaves

10 8 NOTES: Flowering Plants

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9 Study Guide, Part IV: Flowering Plants

10 TOTAL

90

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NOTES: Intro to Plants

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Part I: Intro to Plants ____ 1. The xylem in a plant a. transports food from the leaves. b. transports water and minerals to the stems and leaves. c. exchanges carbon dioxide with the atmosphere. d. All of the above ____ 2. liverworts, hornworts, mosses : nonvascular plants :: a. gymnosperms, angiosperms : bryophytes b. ferns : mosses c. gymnosperms, angiosperms : vascular plants d. bryophytes, liverworts : vascular plants ____ 3. Which of the following is not a nonvascular plant? a. moss c. hornwort b. liverwort d. fern ____ 4. Which of the following is not characteristic of all nonvascular plants? a. They produce seeds. b. They have a life cycle characterized by alternation of generations. c. They produce spores. d. They require water for sexual reproduction. ____ 5. The primary distinguishing characteristics of all vascular plants are a. xylem and phloem; true roots, stems, and leaves; pollen; seeds. b. xylem and phloem; true roots, stems, and leaves; spores. c. true roots, stems, and leaves; spores. d. xylem and phloem; true roots, stems, and leaves. ____ 6. Which of the following is characteristic of all seed plants? a. a seed containing an embryo, a nutrient supply, and a protective coat b. enclosure and protection of seeds within a fruit c. production of flowers d. All of the above ____ 7. Pines, spruces, and firs are a. angiosperms. c. flowering plants. b. gymnosperms. d. sometimes nonvascular. ____ 8. Monocots have a. leaves with branching veins. b. flower parts in multiples of four or five. c. leaves with parallel veins. d. two cotyledons. ____ 9. Flowering plants are classified as monocots or dicots according to their number of a. leaves. c. meristems. b. roots. d. cotyledons.

10. ____________________ are seed plants with uncovered seeds. 11. The tissues that transport water and minerals within a plant make up the ____________________

system.

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ACTIVITY: Plant Identification Chart INSTRUCTIONS: Draw a graphic organizer that shows how plants are classified. Give characteristics and examples of plants at each level.

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NOTES: Roots & Stems

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Part II: Roots & Stems ____ 1. Which of the following types of plant cells provides structural support and is typically dead at functional maturity? a. collenchyma c. sclerenchyma b. parenchyma d. None of the above ____ 2. The conducting cells of phloem are called a. tracheids. c. sieve plates. b. sieve tube members. d. vessel elements. ____ 3. In xylem tissue, water moves from tracheid to tracheid through a. pits. c. sieve tubes. b. vessel elements. d. companion cells. ____ 4. vascular tissue : transport of fluids :: a. epidermis : support b. dermal tissue : storage c. dermal tissue : transport of fluids d. ground tissue : metabolism ____ 5. The lengthening of plant roots and shoots is called a. secondary growth. c. primary growth. b. germination. d. vascular growth. ____ 6. The primary function of root hairs is a. to strengthen roots as they grow downward. b. to transport food up the stem. c. to absorb water and minerals. d. to store water. ____ 7. Which of the following is the function of the endodermis? a. water absorption b. water storage c. regulation of passage of water and minerals into the vascular tissue d. production of new cells for secondary growth

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The diagram below shows the stem of a coleus plant.

____ 8. Refer to the illustration above. The tissue labeled “1” in the diagram is called a. meristem. c. phloem. b. xylem. d. ground tissue. ____ 9. Refer to the illustration above. In the diagram, the tissue labeled “2,” which conducts water and is made of elongated cells that connect end to end, is called a. meristem. c. phloem. b. xylem. d. ground tissue. ____ 10. Refer to the illustration above. In the diagram, the tissue labeled “3,” which transports sugars from regions where they are made to regions where they are used, is called a. meristem. c. phloem. b. xylem. d. ground tissue. ____ 11. The ground tissue in the center of roots and stems a. turns into meristem. b. transports food. c. provides support. d. germinates at least once a year. ____ 12. The phloem in a plant a. transports sugars. b. transports water and minerals. c. exchanges carbon dioxide and oxygen with the atmosphere. d. None of the above ____ 13. The transport of food from the leaf to the rest of the plant is called a. translocation. c. active transport. b. osmosis. d. transpiration. ____ 14. The xylem in a plant a. transports sugars. b. transports water and minerals. c. exchanges carbon dioxide and oxygen with the atmosphere. d. None of the above

15. Compare the movement of sugar and water in a plant. Write your answer in the space below.

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NOTES: Leaves

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Part III: Leaves ____ 1. leaves : carbon dioxide from the air :: a. leaves : water from the air b. roots : light from the air c. roots : carbon dioxide from the air d. roots : nutrients from the soil ____ 2. The waxy protective covering of a land plant is called a a. cuticle. c. rhizome. b. capsule. d. stoma. ____ 3. Leaves connect to the stems of plants at the a. lateral buds. c. nodes. b. pith. d. internodes. ____ 4. The loss of water by the leaves and stem of a plant is called a. translocation. c. active transport. b. osmosis. d. transpiration.

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The diagram below shows a leaf cross section.

____ 5. Refer to the illustration above. Which label indicates the spongy layer? a. 2 c. 4 b. 3 d. 5 ____ 6. Refer to the illustration above. Structure 1 a. is the cuticle. c. covers the epidermis. b. protects the leaf. d. All of the above ____ 7. Refer to the illustration above. The vein is made up of a. only xylem vessels. b. only phloem vessels. c. both xylem and phloem vessels. d. neither xylem nor phloem vessels. ____ 8. Photosynthesis enables plants to produce most of the organic molecules they need. This process requires the use of all of the following except a. carbon dioxide. c. light. b. water. d. glucose. ____ 9. Guard cells : stomata :: a. can openers : cans c. cushions : rocking chairs b. hammers : nails d. trout : stream

10. In leaves, the openings called ____________________ regulate the exchange of carbon dioxide and

oxygen. 11. The surface of a vascular plant is covered by a waxy, waterproof layer called a(n)

____________________.

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NOTES: Flowering Plants

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Part IV: Flowering Plants ____ 1. The diploid form in a plant’s life cycle is called the a. sporophyte. b. gametophyte. c. parental generation. d. alternate generation. ____ 2. The haploid form in a plant’s life cycle is called the a. sporophyte. b. gametophyte. c. parental generation. d. alternate generation. ____ 3. Alternation between a haploid stage and a diploid stage in a plant’s life cycle is called a. generational recycling. b. periodic gametogenesis. c. alternating forms. d. alternation of generations. ____ 4. In plants, haploid gametes are produced as a result of a. fertilization. c. encapsulation. b. meiosis. d. mitosis. ____ 5. Pollen is produced in the a. anther. c. ovary. b. stigma. d. pistil.

____ 6. Refer to the illustration above. Structure 6 a. supports the anther. b. produces pollen. c. has tiny structures that look like leaves. d. develops into a fruit. ____ 7. Refer to the illustration above. Structure 3 a. produces pollen. b. contains sperm cells. c. often is sticky or has hairs. d. contains meristematic tissue. ____ 8. Cross-pollination is beneficial because it a. produces new genetic variations. b. is more efficient. c. produces hybrids of two different species of seed-producing plants. d. is much quicker than self-pollination.

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____ 9. Fertilization a. involves the union of egg and sperm. b. may not follow pollination at all. c. may not occur until weeks or months after pollination has taken place. d. All of the above ____ 10. Double fertilization has great survival value because a. two embryos are formed. b. if one egg dies, the other can live. c. it produces very large plants. d. the embryo has its own temporary source of food. 11. In alternation of generations, the ____________________ generation alternates with the diploid

generation. 12. The haploid form of a plant is the ____________________ generation. 13. Conifers produce ____________________ to protect their seeds. 14. The transfer of pollen grains from an anther to a stigma is known as ____________________. 15. The event in which one sperm fertilizes an egg and a second sperm fuses with two nuclei is called

_________________________. 16. The seeds of angiosperms are enclosed in ____________________. 17. Because flowering plants are rooted in the ground and cannot move from place to place, they disperse

their ____________________ so that their offspring can grow in new environments. 18.

Refer to the illustration above. The structure labeled “X” is the ____________________. 19. Resumption of growth by a plant embryo in a seed is called ____________________. 20. Seeds typically enter a period of ____________________ before they germinate. 21. A disadvantage of asexual reproduction is that offspring lack ____________________ variation;

therefore, all the offspring are vulnerable to attack by the same diseases and pests. 22. Describe the characteristics of flowers that attract pollinators. Write your answer in the space below. 23. Why is insect pollination more efficient than wind pollination? Write your answer in the space below.